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	Space Shuttle Columbia disaster - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The shuttle was scheduled to land at 9:16 a.m.
		Columbia did not carry the Canadarm, or Remote Manipulator System, which would normally be used for camera inspection or transporting a spacewalking astronaut to the wing.
		Space Shuttle Discovery touched down successfully on July 17, 2006 at 9:14:43 AM (EDT) on Runway 15 at the Kennedy Space Center.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Space_Shuttle_Columbia_disaster (5456 words)

	Space Shuttle Columbia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Columbia was named after the Boston-based sloop Columbia captained by American Robert Gray, who explored the Pacific Northwest and became the first American vessel to circumnavigate the world; the name also honored Columbia, the Command Module of Apollo 11.
		Columbia, unlike her operational sister ships, was built with the technologies that were available at the time of her construction in Palmdale in the mid-1970s.
		In an episode of Cowboy Bebop, the space shuttle Columbia was used to rescue a character from a disabled space vehicle in a decaying orbit around Earth.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Space_Shuttle_Columbia (1817 words)

	Space Shuttle Columbia disaster (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		STS-107 was a space shuttle mission by NASA using the Space Shuttle Columbia.
		The entire seven member crew was killed on February 1, 2003, when the shuttle disintegrated over Texas during reentry into the Earth's atmosphere.This was the second total loss of a Space Shuttle, the first being Challenger.
		The expansion of International Space Station was also delayed, as the space shuttles were the delivery vehicle for station modules.
	bopedia.com /en/wikipedia/s/sp/space_shuttle_columbia_disaster.html (1516 words)

	CNN.com - The space shuttle Columbia disaster - Feb. 3, 2003
		NASA is investigating the disaster, and an independent probe is being led by retired U.S. Navy Adm. Harold Gehman, who headed the inquiry into the October 2000 bombing of the USS Cole in Yemen.
		The Columbia disaster came one week after the 17th anniversary of the explosion of the space shuttle Challenger, which disintegrated 73 seconds after liftoff from Florida's Kennedy Space Center on January 28, 1986.
		The moratorium on shuttle flights affects the three-man crew of the international space station, which was due to return to Earth on March 1 aboard the shuttle Atlantis.
	www.cnn.com /2003/TECH/space/02/03/facts.shuttle/index.html (540 words)

	CBC News - Indepth Backgrounder: Shuttle Columbia disaster
		A shuttle's lift-off and re-entry are considered the most dangerous moments of a space mission.
		In 1986, the space shuttle Challenger exploded when a flame from a leaky joint on one of the solid rocket boosters ignited the fuel in an external fuel tank.
		As the shuttle was making an "S" turn to the left, sensor readings suggested something was wrong with the elevators at the back of the shuttle.
	www.cbc.ca /news/features/shuttle_columbia/columbia_reentry.html (632 words)

	Space Shuttle Columbia Disaster
		The Space Shuttle Columbia Disaster happend on Saturday 1st, February, 2003 and was the second Space Shuttle Disaster and the first shuttle lost on landing.
		Columbia (Flight STS-107) was on a 16-day science research mission in Earth orbit which performed experiments in space.
		Columbia was the oldest space shuttle in the fleet of four.
	www.aerospaceguide.net /spaceshuttle/columbia_disaster.html (690 words)

	Space Shuttle
		In 1972 the funding for the space shuttle was approved--but not for the space station it was designed to serve.
		The shuttle was born with an unclear mission.
		Whether the disaster was caused by tile failure or not, the risks associated with travel on the shuttle appear to be far higher than an acceptable risk, given the shuttle’s almost routine usage.
	www.neprojectservices.com /Articles/events/events003.htm (3051 words)

	CNN.com - Remains thought to be from Columbia crew - Feb. 1, 2003
		Shuttle program manager Ron Dittemore said the first indication of trouble was loss of temperature sensors on the left wing.
		A NASA official said the shuttle's altitude made it "highly unlikely" that it was a victim of a terrorist act.
		Columbia was lost less than a week after the anniversaries of two other deadly space program disasters -- the 17th anniversary of the explosion of the shuttle Challenger on January 28 and the 36th anniversary of a launchpad fire that killed three Apollo astronauts January 27.
	www.cnn.com /2003/TECH/space/02/01/shuttle.columbia (1021 words)

	Online NewsHour: Columbia Probe -- May 6, 2003
		"Columbia's" wreckage is being analyzed and reassembled in a hangar at the Kennedy Space Center in Florida.
		I suspect the shuttle life extension program, which was planned before "Columbia" failed incidentally, includes consideration of what could be done in the event of a potential failure of the thermo protection system.
		For example, the shuttle since "Challenger" was much safer than the shuttle that flew before "Challenger" because, as Dr. Shirley said, people took a very careful look at all of the processes involved, made sure that the procedures that we used were the best possible under the circumstances.
	www.pbs.org /newshour/bb/science/jan-june03/columbia_05-06.html (1985 words)

	NPR : Special Coverage - Space Shuttle Columbia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The new recommendations -- for instance, NASA should strengthen the heat shielding on shuttle wings -- are unlikely to delay the space agency, which hopes to launch again in March or April.
		During the shuttle's launch, cameras recorded a chunk of foam breaking off from the fuel tank and striking Columbia's left wing.
		During Columbia's re-entry, heat entered the shuttle through the hole, melting the wing from the inside out and causing the orbiter to break apart.
	www.npr.org /news/specials/shuttle/index.html (764 words)

	SPACE SHUTTLE COLUMBIA DISASTER 2003 FEBRUARY 1ST \| HavenWorks.com/space/shuttle/columbia
		A chunk of the foam peeled away from Columbia's fuel tank shortly after liftoff and slammed into the leading edge of the left wing, believed to be a key element of the Feb. 1 disaster that killed all seven astronauts."
		The space shuttle has had 113 missions with the loss of the crew on two of them."...
		"The space shuttle Columbia broke apart on Saturday as it reentered the Earth's atmosphere high over Texas, killing all seven astronauts and plunging the nation into a sense of grief not felt since the Sept. 11 tragedy."...
	www.havenworks.com /space/shuttle/columbia (1664 words)

	Space Shuttle Columbia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Shuttle Inquiry Again Focuses on Damage From Debris - investigators have returned their focus to the early theory that a piece of insulation or other flying debris from the shuttle's external fuel tank damaged a wing at liftoff, William J. Broad and Edward Wong, New York Times, February 20, 2003 (may require free registration)
		Shuttle's Long History of Launch Damage - the space shuttle fleet has a long history of impact damage during lift off, with Columbia suffering similar incidents at least twice before, Justin Mullins, New Scientist.
		Shuttle Investigation Focuses on Heat Anomaly - the investigation into loss of the space shuttle Columbia is narrowing in on the spacecraft's left side, which became abnormally hot just before contact was broken with mission control, Jeff Hecht, New Scientist, February 3, 2003
	www.caddigest.com /subjects/space_shuttle (1800 words)

	Buggrit Online - The Space Shuttle Columbia Disaster (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Much as I quickly grew weary of the all-pervasive, saccharine patriotism and general obsession that swept the western world after September 11, 2001, I have quickly grown weary of the public outpouring and eulogizing of the seven individuals who died when NASA's 2-billion dollar spacecraft fell apart over the southwestern United States.
		For all that NASA has had a long series of successful space shuttle missions (ignoring, of course, the Challenger and now the Columbia), a complete listing of all NASA's projects and missions from the 1990's to today would include far too many, well, less-than-successful missions.
		And then there's the fact that almost every shuttle mission is delayed at once due to safety concerns...
	www.buggrit.com /columbia.html (437 words)

	Space Shuttle Columbia Disaster
		On February 1st, the space shuttle Columbia appeared as a bad star in the skies over Texas – heralding the deaths of seven brilliant achievers, a grim reminder that no matter how glamorous – or how routine – space travel may appear to us, it is still a dangerous – and sometimes deadly – business.
		Little did the crew of Columbia know that the names of Brown, Husband, Clark, Chawla, Anderson, McCool and Ramon would soon be added to that pantheon of heroes and role models.
		For us, their lives are a tragic loss – but for the Columbia Seven, who had all achieved their highest aspirations in life – death is just a footnote.
	www.scifidimensions.com /Feb03/columbia7.htm (273 words)

	First Coast News - Space Shuttle Columbia - February 1, 2003
		Remembering the astronauts of the Space Shuttle Columbia tragedy on February 1, 2003.
		HOUSTON (AP) -- Johnson Space Center workers on Friday bowed their heads in silence and wiped away tears during a tribute to the seven astronauts who died during the space shuttle Columbia's final mission last year.
		WASHINGTON (AP) -- The destruction of space shuttle Columbia and the death of its seven astronauts were caused by a NASA culture driven by schedule, starved for funds and burdened with an eroded, insufficient safety program, investigators said Tuesday.
	www.firstcoastnews.com /news/space/shuttlecolumbia (400 words)

	Popular Mechanics - Space Shuttle 'Columbia' Disaster--Report 5
		The area circled in red is the section of Columbia's left wing that apparently suffered a catastrophic failure during re-entry.
		The photographs show that the right side of the shuttle looked normal--and this is consistent with data transmitted to Earth at around the same time.
		The shuttle maneuvering jets were photographed firing as the on-board flight computers tried to regain control of Columbia's orientation.
	www.popularmechanics.com /science/space/1282896.html (625 words)

	Poynter Online - Resources, Story Ideas and More
		This was the 113th for the space shuttle program since flights began on April 12, 1981.
		For Columbia, the oldest orbiter in NASA's fleet, this was its 28th flight.
		Howstuffworks.com has a great explainer about space shuttles at: http://www.howstuffworks.com/space-shuttle.htm It includes information, like this: "It is possible to hold a space shuttle tile by the edge and then heat up the center of the tile with a blow torch.
	www.poynter.org /content/content_view.asp?id=19160 (1044 words)

	PERMANENT - News - Space Shuttle Columbia Explosion Analysis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		First, compared to the Russian and upcoming Chinese manned capsules, this disaster shows a risk of the American human space transportation system using the Space Shuttle.
		Thirdly, look at the state of the U.S. government's space program more than 30 years after we sent men to the Moon: The NASA bureaucrats tell us that we couldn't send an astronaut out the airlock to look under the Shuttle to check for damage.
		While I feel sorry for the NASA personnel responsible, I shudder to think that the space program is up to people who don't question themselves or the system, but arrogantly and self-righteously steam ahead on questionable analyses and decisions.
	www.permanent.com /news/2003-02-02-space-shuttle-columbia-explosion.htm (779 words)

	Popular Mechanics - Space Shuttle 'Columbia' Disaster--Report 13
		An infrared camera shows that the object slowly separated from the shuttle and eventually re-entered the atmosphere, says James Hallock, a CAIB member and chief of the Transportation Department's Aviation Safety Division.
		Carrier panels connect the leading-edge elements of the shuttle wings with the rest of the tiles designed to shield the ship's underside during the blazing atmospheric re-entry.
		The current leading theory on the disaster is that during the Jan. 16 launch one or more pieces of insulating foam, or other material, broke off the shuttle's rust-color external fuel tank and disintegrated after striking the underside of Columbia's left wing.
	www.popularmechanics.com /science/space/1282936.html?c=y&page=1 (734 words)

	NASA - Columbia - Home
		Columbia was the first Space Shuttle that traveled to Earth orbit.
		A 15-foot bronze statue of the late Willie McCool, one of the seven fallen heroes of Columbia, towers in Texas today.
		The Columbia Accident Investigation Board released Volumes II-VI of its report on October 28, 2003.
	www.nasa.gov /columbia/home/index.html (280 words)

	STS-107
		EST, Columbia was crossing over the coast of California and entering Roll Reversal #1.
		At 8:52:20 EST, Columbia's Left Main Gear Brake Line Temp D in the left wheel well showed an off nominal temperature rise (2 degrees/min) followed by an off nominal temperature rise in Brake Line Temp A (6 degrees/min) at 8:52:39 (13:52:39 GMT) and Temp C (5 degrees/min) at 8:52:48.
		Wires from these sensors are routed inside the wing from the orbiter midbody, in front of the main landing gear towards the leading edge and then back to the sensor locations near the trailing edge of the wing.
	science.ksc.nasa.gov /shuttle/missions/sts-107/mission-sts-107.html (595 words)

	Space Shuttle Columbia Disaster Recovery, February 2003
		Like the rest of the country His Glory Search, Rescue and Aid Team volunteers watched as Space Shuttle Columbia broke up upon re-entry at 9:00 am CST on February 1, 2003, but unlike most of the country His Glory S.R.A.T. volunteers needed only to look out there windows to watch the tragedy unfold.
		On February 4th more than 60 hours after the shuttle Columbia disaster began His Glory S.R.A.T. volunteers were assigned to assist the FBI with the primary task of locating the Columbia Crew remains.
		In the days to follow His Glory S.R.A.T. along with FBI officials braved cold, wet weather and thick under brush in east Texas in efforts to locate the remains of the Columbia crew to ensure that our National Hero’s were found and returned to their family’s and laid to rest.
	www.wwdr.org /shuttle.html (465 words)

	Boston.com / Columbia shuttle disaster
		In the final minutes of their lives, Columbia's astronauts were cheerful, at times lighthearted.
		The final radio contact between Mission Control and shuttle Columbia, shortly before 9 a.m.
		Columbia: "Roger, uh,..." (transmission breaks off after the crew member starts to say a word beginning with the sound "buh.")
	www.boston.com /news/packages/shuttle (205 words)

	SPACE.com -- Space Shuttle Columbia Special Report
		Here's the story that wraps up our looking back at the Columbia tragedy and sets the stage for what NASA must do to begin flying again.
		Shuttle Image Gallery: The Last Photos of the STS-107 Crew
		On June 24, NASA released a handful of images of the Columbia crew salvaged from the spacecraft's debris.
	www.space.com /columbiatragedy (99 words)

	Urban Legends Reference Pages: Inboxer Rebellion (Columbia Disaster)
		A Nostradamus prophecy foretold the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster.
		The "first blue star" reference alludes to Payload Specialist Ilan Ramon, the first Israeli astronaut in space; the "lone star" tag could apply to either the flag of Texas (the "Lone Star" state) or the flag of Israel (which bears a blue Star of David).
		The shuttle's breaking up over the city of Palestine, Texas, with an Israeli astronaut aboard was an unfortunate coincidence.
	www.snopes.com /inboxer/hoaxes/shuttle.asp (200 words)

	Space Shuttle Columbia Investigation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Check the site out in August 2003; at this time the Columbia Accident Investigation Board is expected to release a full working scenario regarding their collection of known facts, events, timelines, and historical information from its inquiry into the loss of Space Shuttle Columbia and the seven STS-107 astronauts.
		Currently the space exploration news ranges from reports from the Columbia Accident Investigation Board to the latest research being conducted on the International Space Station.
		It's true, the Astronaut Office is at the Johnson Space Center and one of their many tasks is the maintenance of the official biographies for all active duty flight personnel and to maintain the archive of biographies for former astronauts.
	www.lfpl.org /inthenews/spaceshuttlecolumbia.html (926 words)

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