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Topic: Space Shuttle Pathfinder

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	Space Explorers, Inc.
		The three main parts of a shuttle are the external tank, the rocket boosters, and the orbiter.
		It was later purchased by a Japanese organization that refurbished the steel mock-up to more closely resemble an actual Space Shuttle and named her the Pathfinder, for purposes of showing it in a Tokyo space exhibition.
		The Pathfinder has since been returned to the U.S. and is presently on display at the Alabama Space and Rocket Center in Huntsville, Alabama.
	www.space-explorers.com /internal/events/weekly/puzzles/shuttlesearch.html (621 words)

	Space Shuttle program - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The shuttle program was launched on January 5, 1972, when President Richard M. Nixon announced that NASA would proceed with the development of a reusable low cost space shuttle system.
		The Space Shuttle consists of three main components: the reusable orbiter itself, a large expendable external fuel tank, and a pair of reusable solid-fuel booster rockets.
		One of the first fictional uses of the space shuttle was in the 1979 James Bond film, Moonraker, in which a fleet of privately-produced shuttles was used to ferry personnel to a space station operated by the evil Sir Hugo Drax.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Space_shuttle (5409 words)

	Space Shuttle Pathfinder - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Space Shuttle Orbiter Pathfinder (unofficial Orbiter Vehicle Designation: OV-098) is a 75-ton Space Shuttle mock-up made of steel.
		It was initially built and used by NASA to practice handling and moving of actual Space Shuttles (as made possible by the mock-up's similarity in size, weight and shape).
		Pathfinder has since been returned to the U.S. and is presently on display at the U.S. Space and Rocket Center in Huntsville, Alabama.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Space_Shuttle_Pathfinder (264 words)

	Space Shuttle, Space Shuttle Columbia, Columbia Space Shuttle at SPACE.com
		The NASA Space Shuttle program, officially called the Space Transportation System (STS), has been the United States’ official means of launching man into outer space for the purpose of exploration since its inception in the late 1960’s by President Richard Nixon.
		The final design of the space shuttle, which is still used today, was designed to carry between five and seven astronauts, and was to be used for approximately 100 launches, or 10 years by the program.
		The first completed, fully functional NASA space shuttle was the Columbia, which made her debut at the Kennedy Space Center in Florida on March 25, 1979.
	www.space.com /space-shuttle (375 words)

	Orbit: Pathfinder Shuttle Test Article (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Pathfinder is a 75 ton Orbiter simulator that was created to work out the procedures for moving and handling the shuttle.
		Pathfinder was shipped by barge to KSC and was used for ground crew testing in the VAB, OPF and SLF.
		Pathfinder sat in storage for many years until a group of Japanese businessmen offered to spend $1,000,000 to modify the vehicle to more closely resemble a real orbiter.
	www.spaceonline.tv /path_info.htm (165 words)

	Space Shuttle program
		The Shuttle program was formally launched on January 5, 1972, when President Nixon announced that NASA would proceed with the development of a reusable Space Shuttle system.
		Space Shuttle Challenger's rollout from Orbiter Processing Facility (OPF) to the Vehicle Assembly Building (VAB) to be stacked with External tank and SRB's for launch.
		Since the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster in 2003, the ISS has been operating on a skeleton crew of two and is currently being serviced primarily by Russian space vehicles.
	www.1bx.com /en/Space_Shuttle.htm (7167 words)

	MPTA-ET - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Main Propulsion Test Article ET was built by NASA to be used in conjunction with MPTA-098 for structural tests of the Space Shuttle Main Engines prior to construction of flyable craft.
		It was then transported to the National Space Technology Laboratories in southern Mississippi where it was used in the static test firing of the Shuttle's cluster of three main engines.
		The MPTA-ET is currently mated to the Space Shuttle Pathfinder mock-up, and two Advanced Solid Rocket Booster casings as a complete shuttle stack.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/MPTA-ET (179 words)

	NASA - What Does NASA Do?
		In 1997, Mars Pathfinder became the first in a fleet of spacecraft that will explore Mars in the next decade, as we try to determine if life ever existed there.
		Space Operations: provides critical enabling technologies for much of the rest of NASA through the space shuttle, the International Space Station and flight support.
		The Hubble Space Telescope continues to explore the deepest reaches of the cosmos.
	www.nasa.gov /about/highlights/what_does_nasa_do.html (754 words)

	pathfinder
		Dubbed Pathfinder, it was originally constructed at Marshall Space Flight Center in 1977 as a stand-in for Enterprise to fit-check the roads and facilities at MSFC that were used during the Mated Vertical Ground Vibration Tests, as well as the hoisting system that was used to lift Enterprise into the test facility.
		In mid-1978, the Pathfinder mock-up was shipped by ocean barge to KSC where it was used to fit-check the mate/demate device, the OPF and the VAB work platforms, and for ground crew training.
		The Pathfinder on the runway of the SLF.
	www.angelfire.com /fl/Jacqmans/pathfinder.html (313 words)

	Pathfinder Shuttle Test Article
		The Pathfinder is a 75 ton Orbiter simulator that was created to work out the procedures for moving and handling the shuttle.
		Pathfinder was shipped by barge to KSC and was used for ground crew testing in the VAB, OPF and SLF.
		Pathfinder sat in storage for many years until a group of Japanese businessmen offered to spend $1,000,000 to modify the vehicle to more closely resemble a real orbiter.
	science.ksc.nasa.gov /shuttle/resources/orbiters/pathfinder.html (178 words)

	Space Shuttle Discovery Set for December 7 Launch - Planetary News \| The Planetary Society
		Space Shuttle Discovery and the mobile launcher platform sit on Launch Pad 39B for mission STS-116.
		In a unanimous recommendation by NASA management, the next Space Shuttle flight to the International Space Station (ISS) is set for December 7.
		Scheduled to launch aboard the Space Shuttle Discovery are, front row (from the left), astronauts William A. Oefelein, pilot; Joan E. Higginbotham, mission specialist; and Mark L. Polansky, commander.
	www.planetary.org /news/2006/1130_Space_Shuttle_Discovery_Set_for.html (445 words)

	How the space shuttle flies home. By Felix Gillette
		The shuttle had been scheduled to land at the Kennedy Space Center in Cape Canaveral, Fla., but was diverted due to bad weather.
		The same devices that attach the shuttle to its orange, external fuel tank during blast-off are used to bind the shuttle to its host plane.
		Space shuttle Columbia piggybacks on a 747The shuttle is roughly three-fourths the length of the carrier plane.
	www.slate.com /id/2124238/?nav=tap3 (878 words)

	No Slide Title (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Pathfinder is the nation’s first full-scale Space Shuttle exhibit.
		Pathfinder is dedicated to the Challenger disaster of January 28, 1996.
		The Shuttle orbiter, the solid rocket boosters and external tank were all used to test equipment and procedures in the assembly of Space Shuttles.
	www.siue.edu /~msheaha/space_files/slide0027.htm (46 words)

	Pathfinder Opens New Era Of Exploration
		Part of NASA's frantic strategy to ensure that the Shuttle monopolized the U.S. launch industry, and that expendable rockets were eliminated, was to make sure that all planetary exploration spacecraft -- and as many Earth-orbiting scientific spacecraft as possible -- were as big and complicated as possible, with NASA dubbing them "flagship" missions.
		The Pathfinder Web site recorded an incredible 600 million hits during the first month after landing, and a recent poll of American newspaper editors listed the landing as among the hundred most noteworthy news stories of the entire 20th century (albeit 97th).
		The Station is, I think the last hurrah for wasteful manned space exploration; after it ends (and however it ends), human beings henceforth will enter space only when there is a good and practical reason for them to do so.
	www.spacedaily.com /news/mars-pathfinder-99a.html (927 words)

	Shuttle
		The manned reusable space system which was designed to slash the cost of space transport and replace all expendable launch vehicles.
		The Space Shuttle Main Engine competition was run in parallel with the main shuttle development project, and also had four phases.
		Since the peak funding to develop a two-stage-to-orbit shuttle as defined in Phase B studies would be $2 billion, this meant that development of a fully reusable shuttle would not be possible.
	www.astronautix.com /lvs/shuttle.htm (8762 words)

	THE SPACE SHUTTLE PROGRAM \| NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION NASA \| ASTRONAUTS.
		Further aggravating the shuttle's return to space, also in August 2005 the Space Shuttle external tank construction site, Michoud Assembly Facility located in New Orleans, Louisiana was damaged by Hurricane Katrina, with all work shifts cancelled up to September 26, 2005.
		The Space Shuttle consists of three main components: the reusable Orbiter itself, a large, brown, expendable external fuel tank, and a pair of white, reusable solid-fuel booster rockets.
		Another consideration for future manned space flight is to pursue the construction and operation of "space planes", which could fly up to the edge of the atmosphere and then rocket out into Earth orbit, thereby being more efficient and versatile than such vehicles as the space shuttle.
	www.solarnavigator.net /aviation_and_space_travel/space_shuttle.htm (5159 words)

	Space Shuttle Pathfinder
		It was constructed at Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) in 1977 and was used as a stand in for Enterprise to test roads and cranes.
		Pathfinder was shipped by barge to the Kennedy Space Center and was used for ground crew testing in the Vehicle Assembly Building (VAB), Orbital Processing Facility (OPF) and Shuttle Landing Facility (SLF).
		Pathfinder sat in storage for many years until a group of Japanese businessmen offered to spend $1,000,000 to modify the vehicle to more closely resemble a real orbiter.
	www.awesome80s.com /Awesome80s/Tech/Space/Shuttle/Pathfinder.asp (324 words)

	Space Shuttle Pathfinder - Wikipedia
		Lo Space Shuttle Pathfinder (designazione "onoraria": OV-098) non è un vero veicolo spaziale, ma un simulatore della vera navetta, fatto di legno e metallo, ed ha approssimativamente lo stesso peso, misure e bilanciatura dello shuttle reale.
		Originariamente senza nome, fu costruito dal Marshall Space Flight Center nel 1977 per effettuare delle prove sulle procedure necessare a muovere e maneggiare lo shuttle, senza dover rischiare di danneggiare un mezzo autentico, come il più delicato e costoso Enterprise.
		Nel 1999, la NASA rimosse i componenti frontali dei booster del Pathfinder: sebbene questi razzi dopo ogni lancio vengano recuperati e riutilizzati, questi componenti sono andati perduti o danneggiati nel corso del programma dello Space Shuttle, rendendo necessario perciò prelevare questi pezzi come pezzi di ricambio.
	it.wikipedia.org /wiki/Space_Shuttle_Pathfinder#Storia (338 words)

	Space Exploration (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Von Braun’s Soviet counterpart, Sergei Korolev, helped the Soviet Union take an early lead in the space race by becoming the first country to launch a satellite into orbit (Sputnik was launched on October 4, 1957), and the first to send a man into space (Yuri Gagarain on April 12, 1961).
		Space science, too, has become more specialized as technology and the exploration of space expand.
		Century, professional careers in space are likely to continue to diversify as new discoveries and new technologies inspire new directions in the pursuit of knowledge about the universe we live in.
	pathfinder.nmsu.edu /lunarlegacies/space_exploration.htm (2643 words)

	SpaceViews: Mars Pathfinder: The Success of Better-Faster-Cheaper
		For the normally risk-adverse space agency to accept increased risk, the stakes must be lower: tens or hundred of millions of dollars, not billions, must be on the line.
		Moreover Space Station Freedom was undergoing the pains of another reorganization, including bringing Russia into the program, and the fate of the multi-billion station in Congress was very uncertain.
		To keep space sciences alive between the budget pressures of the space station and the space shuttle, NASA needed less expensive projects.
	www.seds.org /spaceviews/pathfinder/better.html (853 words)

	NASA Dryden Pathfinder-Plus Photo Collection
		Pathfinder was designed, built and operated by AeroVironment, Inc., of Monrovia, Calif., the firm that developed the pioneering Gossamer Penguin and Solar Challenger solar-powered aircraft in the late 1970's and early 1980's.
		Essentially a transitional vehicle between the Pathfinder and the follow-on solar aircraft, the Pathfinder-Plus is a hybrid of the technology that was employed on Pathfinder and developed for the Helios.
		The Pathfinder-Plus solar aircraft flies past NASA Dryden's space shuttle hangar and shuttle carrier aircraft as it descends for landing on Rogers Dry Lake.
	www.dfrc.nasa.gov /Gallery/Photo/Pathfinder-Plus/index.html (701 words)

	Activity VI-1 Model
		Through these pictures you'll see just a sample of the exciting exhibits that are on display at the Space Center, right alongside the training facilities used by students, teachers, and others who attend the camp in Huntsville, Alabama.
		It was designed to help NASA determine whether the shuttle would be able to travel from one place to another around the respective space centers where testing would be completed.
		It was originally only a steel frame, but after it had served its purpose NASA decided to make it look like a real shuttle and let it tour the world to gain recognition for the space program.
	www.uwstout.edu /soe/profdev/advwebdesign/six/space_camp.html (561 words)

	Udvar Hazy Center Celebrates Its Opening
		A total of 113 large space artifacts are housed in the hangar.
		Space artifacts from other nations have been donated by individuals and governments or are displayed on loan.
		The McDonnell Space Hangar is named for aerospace pioneer James S. McDonnell, whose company built a number of pioneering aircraft and both the Mercury and Gemini spacecraft, flown by the first American astronauts.
	www.nasm.si.edu /museum/udvarhazy/articles/space_opening.cfm (643 words)

	Space Camp® Online
		The Pathfinder program is three days of non-stop activities exploring the history, present and future of manned space flight.
		Participants are immersed in hands-on training for a space shuttle mission, experiencing both shuttle and space station simulators.
		Pathfinder also includes a giant-screen IMAX experience where students experience the sensations of a real Shuttle launch.
	www.spacecamp.com /details.php?cat=Groups&program=Pathfinder (154 words)

	Space Shuttle Independent Assessment Team Report
		My goal for this study was to bring to Space Shuttle maintenance and operations processes a perspective from the best practices of the external aviation community, and where applicable/appropriate, apply these practices to the Space Shuttle.
		The Office of Space Flight applauds the work and dedication of the SIAT on what is part of a continuing process to improve the safety of the Space Shuttle system.
		The space station-then called "Freedom"-was pegged as the centerpiece of commercial space work, with a host of global users riding the space shuttle virtually every two weeks to ferry up their experimental wares.
	www.spacedaily.com /news/shuttle-00q.html (927 words)

	Final Gallery
		Although the design may appear to lack space, there would be plenty of storage room onboard for materials and supplies to start a colony on the moon.
		This is the heat shield for the shuttle and is to protect the shuttle when it lands back on earth.
		Although I realize that my shuttle might fall short of all that would be necessary for a successful mission to the moon, the thought of putting men on the moon to start colonizing is an idea that can come true.
	aerospacescholars.jsc.nasa.gov /has/Students/finalgall.cfm?id=310 (516 words)

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