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Topic: Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster

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	Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The solid rocket motor thrust profile is tailored to reduce thrust during the maximum dynamic pressure region; the propellant begins as a star profile, which progressively burns away to a circular profile, the latter having a lower surface area, and thus producing a thrust reduction.
		Solid rocket booster of the STS-114 mission being recovered and transported to Cape Canaveral
		United Space Alliance's Solid Rocket Booster Element division is the prime contractor for SRB assembly, checkout and refurbishment for all non-solid-rocket-motor components and for SRB integration.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Space_Shuttle_Solid_Rocket_Booster (4247 words)

	Solid rocket booster - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Solid rocket boosters (SRB) (or motors, SRM) are used to provide the main thrust in spacecraft launches from the launchpad up to burnout of the SRBs.
		The NASA Space Shuttle uses two Space Shuttle SRBs, which are the largest of their type.
		Solid rocket motors cannot easily be turned off or have their thrust terminated during flight, which is a risk factor for manned spacecraft.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Solid_Rocket_Booster (385 words)

	Chapter 6 -- Rockets and Rocket Science (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The rocket's ignition commences by shooting flames down its entire length to initiate the combustion evenly throughout the grain, another term for solid rocket propellant.
		This system is really only a partially reusable rocket because the orbiter, the space shuttle main engines and the solid rocket boosters return to be used again, but the shuttle's largest component, the external tank, is thrown away after use by letting it crash into either the Indian or Pacific Oceans.
		Rockets did not just appear for modern humanity to start using; they are the result of years and years of evolution.
	www.space.edu /projects/book/chapter6.html (2268 words)

	ScienceDaily: NASA Reaches Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster Milestone
		Each Booster consists of four segments of solid propellant, solid rocket motors, vertically stacked with a nose cone on top and the aft skirt, or base of the Booster, on which the entire vehicle weight rests prior to launch.
		Space exploration -- Space exploration is the physical exploration of outer space objects and generally anything that involves the technologies, science, and politics regarding space...
		Rocket -- A rocket is a vehicle, missile or aircraft which obtains thrust by the reaction to the ejection of fast moving exhaust gas from within a rocket engine.
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2004/11/041130081930.htm (1848 words)

	Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster Facts
		Each Shuttle is equipped with two SRBs that provide the initial thrust and acceleration to allow the main engines to carry the Orbiter into space.
		After two minutes, at an altitude of about 24 miles, the boosters separate from the ET and descend by parachute into the ocean, where they are collected for refurbishment and reuse.
		The Shuttle SRBs are the largest solid rocket propellant motors ever built and the first to be used on a human-rated spacecraft.
	shuttlepayloads.jsc.nasa.gov /flying/facts/srb.htm (129 words)

	51-L
		Main engines had been throttled up to 104 percent thrust and the Solid Rocket Boosters were increasing their thrust when the first flickering flame appeared on the right Solid Rocket Booster in the area of the aft field joint.
		The first visual indication that swirling flame from the right Solid Rocket Booster breached the External Tank was at 64.660 seconds when there was an abrupt change in the shape and color of the plume.
		At about 72.20 seconds the lower strut linking the Solid Rocket Booster and the External Tank was severed or pulled away from the weakened hydrogen tank permitting the right Solid Rocket Booster to rotate around the upper attachment strut.
	science.ksc.nasa.gov /shuttle/missions/51-l/mission-51-l.html (1602 words)

	Spaceflight :The Challenger Accident
		Main engine exhaust, solid rocket booster plume and an expanding ball of gas from the external tank is visible seconds after the Space Shuttle Challenger accident on Jan. 28, 1986.
		Wreckage from the Space Shuttle mission 51-L mission retrieved from the Atlantic Ocean by a flotilla of U.S. Coast Guard and U.S. Navy vessels was returned to the Trident Basin at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station aboard the U.S. Coast Guard cutter Dallas.
		Commission members discovered the first indication that the manufacturer of the solid rocket booster, Morton Thiokol, had initially recommended against launch the night before because of concerns regarding the effects of the low temperature on the joint and seal.
	www.centennialofflight.gov /essay/SPACEFLIGHT/challenger/SP26.htm (1503 words)

	L-3 S&N Press Release 121902 IEA
		USA is chartered to manage and conduct space operations work involving the operation and maintenance of multi-purpose space systems As the prime contractor for NASA's Space Shuttle Program; USA is responsible for the day-to-day operation and management of the U.S. Space Shuttle fleet.
		L-3 Space and Navigation, located in Teterboro, NJ, is a world premier provider of inertial instruments and integrated fire control systems to the global market and a major supplier of high quality Pointing, Guidance, Control and Positioning equipment for satellites, artillery, and launch vehicles, serving the military, commercial and government markets.
		Space and Navigation has provided state-of-the-art systems for many critical and strategically important space and national defense programs as well as being the premier supplier of precision pointing and position location systems for the US Army.
	www.l-3com.com /spacenav/space_and_nav/press_releases/pr121902.htm (485 words)

	NASA's New CEV Launcher to Maximize Use of Space Shuttle Components \| SpaceRef - Your Space Reference
		This side-mounted launcher would allow many existing shuttle facilities to be used either unmodified or with slight modification since the shuttle orbiter would be replaced with a cargo carrier and use the same 'footprint' as does the current space shuttle.
		Original shuttle crew escape was predicated on what was then termed "intact abort" meaning for the crew to survive a launch failure the entire orbiter had to return, intact, to a hard-surface runway.
		Assumptions made included full recovery of the booster, use of a new retrorocket system, and a new liquid upper stage that would be large enough to inject the CEV into orbit and be restarted multiple times for approach to a lunar fleet, or to approach and depart from the ISS.
	www.spaceref.com /news/viewnews.html?id=1055 (3463 words)

	NASA Propulsion Strategy Reaches Back While Looking Ahead (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The space shuttle main engine and solid rocket boosters are the basis for two new launchers NASA intends to develop, one for lofting an astronaut-carrying capsule known as the Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV), and a heavy lifter for Moon-bound cargo loads.
		The rocket is based on the space shuttle solid rocket booster built by ATK Thiokol of Brigham City, Utah, and uses a variant of the space shuttle main engine as an upper stage.
		The heavy-lift rocket, which NASA intends to start developing around 2011, is expected to be powered by two space shuttle solid rocket boosters and a cluster of five space shuttle main engines.
	www.space.com /spacenews/businessmonday_051003.html (1797 words)

	SOLID ROCKET BOOSTERS
		The solid rocket motor ignition commands are issued when the three SSMEs are at or above 90-percent rated thrust, no SSME fail and/or SRB ignition PIC low voltage is indicated and there are no holds from the LPS.
		The solid rocket motor ignition commands are sent by the orbiter computers through the MECs to the safe and arm device NSDs in each SRB.
		SRB separation is initiated when the three solid rocket motor chamber pressure transducers are processed in the redundancy management middle value select and the head- end chamber pressure of both SRBs is less than or equal to 50 psi.
	science.ksc.nasa.gov /shuttle/technology/sts-newsref/srb.html (3986 words)

	KSC Fact Sheet "Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster Retrieval Ships"
		Unlike rocket boosters previously used in the space program, the Space Shuttle's solid rocket booster (SRB) casings and associated flight hardware are recovered at sea.
		The boosters in use today are the largest solid propellant motors ever developed for space flight and the first to be used on a manned space vehicle.
		The nose cap of each booster is jettisoned at an altitude of 2.9 statute miles (2.5 nautical miles/4.6 kilometers) and deploys the pilot parachute.
	www-pao.ksc.nasa.gov /kscpao/nasafact/ships.htm (1210 words)

	Solid Rocket Booster information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		They are ignited after the three Shuttle main engine thrust level is verified.A little over two minutes into the ascent, the SRBs are jettisoned at an altitude of approximately 150,000 feet and 24 nautical miles downrange.
		The SRBs consist of the forward dome section, 6 individual cylindrical weld-free steel sections approximately 12 feet in diameter, the aft ET attach ring section, two stiffener sections, and the aft dome section.
		The cylindrical sections contain the solid propellant which is the consistency of a rubber pencil eraser.
	space.balettie.com /Shuttle/SRB.html (149 words)

	Universe Today - New Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster Tested
		If these new boosters are installed on the shuttle it would have a few benefits: the shuttle would have enough thrust to still reach orbit if its main engine fails, it won't have to make an emergency landing; or it could be used to let the shuttle carry an additional 10,500 kg of cargo.
		The Space Shuttle RSRM is the largest solid rocket motor ever flown and the first designed for reuse.
		By the time the twin RSRMs have completed their task, the Space Shuttle orbiter has reached an altitude of 24 nautical miles and is traveling at a speed in excess of 3,000 miles per hour.
	www.universetoday.com /am/publish/shuttle_solid_rocket_booster.html (668 words)

	NASA Reaches Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster Milestone
		The Solid Rocket Boosters (pictured) work with the main engines for the first two minutes of flight to provide the additional thrust needed for the Shuttle to escape the gravitational pull of the Earth.
		The Shuttle vehicle consists of the obiter, Solid Rocket Boosters and the External Tank.
		At an altitude of approximately 24 nautical miles, the Boosters separate from the External Tank, descend under parachutes, and land in the Atlantic Ocean.
	www.spacedaily.com /news/shuttle-04zq.html (630 words)

	The Spacearium - NASA Reaches Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster Milestone (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The planned launch of Atlantis this morning on space shuttle mission STS-115 was scrubbed at the T-9 minute mark when engineers were unable to resolve a failure of an Engine Cut-Off (ECO) sensor in the giant external fuel tank.
		Following two days of intense analysis to clear the space shuttle for flight after Fridays pad lightning strike, NASA is now feverishly working to solidify its plans in case Hurricane Ernesto moves through the area.
		Technicians replaced suspect bolts on the space shuttle Atlantis over the weekend, clearing the way for the start of the launch countdown later this week.
	spacearium.aresinstitute.org /article.php?story=20041128215659603 (1635 words)

	The Future of the Space Exploration
		The Shuttle has been flying for over two decades, and will continue until the development of future launch systems are ready.
		The Vision for Space Exploration set by President George W. Bush sets a goal of developing a new CEV by 2014 that is capable of carrying astronauts beyond low Earth orbit and a goal of landing astronauts on the Moon no later than 2020.
		This vehicle will be carried into space by Ares I, which uses a single five-segment solid rocket booster, a derivative of the space shuttle's solid rocket booster, for the first stage.
	aerospacescholars.jsc.nasa.gov /HAS/cirr/ss/2/8.cfm (1175 words)

	John F. Kennedy Space Center - Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster Retrieval Ships
		In 1998 the solid rocket booster recovery ships took on a new service for NASA.
		Space Flight Operations contractor United Space Alliance streamlined efforts for the Space Shuttle program by taking over the towing of the Shuttle’s external tanks from Louisiana to Florida using the Liberty Star and the Freedom Star.
		One drum supports booster retrievals while the other is devoted to external tank towing.
	www-pao.ksc.nasa.gov /kscpao/nasafact/ships98new.htm (250 words)

	THE STS (SPACE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM) - THE SOLID ROCKET BOOSTERS (SRB)
		The two SRBs provide the main thrust to lift the space shuttle off the pad and up to an altitude of about 150,000 feet, or 24 nautical miles (28 statute miles).
		The SRBs are the largest solid- propellant motors ever flown and the first designed for reuse.
		Each solid rocket separation motor is 31.1 inches long and 12.8 inches in diameter.
	www.space-shuttle.com /srb.htm (784 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The demonstration is part of a continuing program by NASA and United Space Alliance (USA) to augment safety in all phases of Space Shuttle operations.
		USA, prime contractor to NASA for the Space Shuttle program, is responsible for retrieving the two expended solid rocket boosters (SRB) after they separate from the Space Shuttle about two minutes into powered flight.
		The boosters splash down in an impact area about 140 miles east of Jacksonville, FL, and are towed back to Cape Canaveral Air Force Station for refurbishment by two specially rigged recovery ships, Liberty Star and Freedom Star.
	quest.arc.nasa.gov /space/news/2000/04-22.txt (401 words)

	Office of Logic Design: Pyrotechnic Devices and Firing Circuits
		In light of interest in developing next-generation space launch vehicle systems, including pyrotechnic initiationn systems, there is a need to review existing systems to determine what has proved to be good and what factors have contributed to concerns or actual problems.
		The objective of this paper is to describe the existing pyrotechnic initiation systems used on the Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster (SRB) and related systems, including strengths and weaknesses as seen over more than 10 years of use, and provide some suggestions for any replacement system.
		Minor damage to the Shuttle was caused when the firing of the primary explosive cord to deploy the payload from the cargo bay also triggered the backup cord.
	klabs.org /DEI/References/pyros (2538 words)

	Explicit Finite Element Techniques Used to Characterize Splashdown of the Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster Aft Skirt (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Shuttle engineers from the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center and NASA Kennedy Space Flight Center required assistance in assessing the structural loads that a newly proposed thrust vector control system for the space shuttle solid rocket booster (SRB) aft skirt would expect to see during its recovery splashdown.
		Thrust vector control system located in the aft skirt of the space shuttle SRB, finite element model of proposed helium tank/aft skirt used to analyze water impact, and three representative images of a predicted splashdown event of this model.
		The efforts of this work contribute to the improvement of flight safety for the space shuttles, which is paramount to NASA’s strategic mission.
	www.grc.nasa.gov /WWW/RT2002/5000/5930melis.html (339 words)

	RedOrbit - Space - 'Chicken Gun' Helps Shuttle Return to Flight (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		These will simulate pieces of external tank foam breaking away during flight and striking various parts of the space shuttle, such as the solid rocket booster.
		In the NASA tests, operators launch the blocks at various velocities and angles to simulate the different ways foam might strike the solid rocket booster.
		The targets include the struts connecting the solid rocket booster and external fuel tank, core panels representing the thermal protection system materials and cover material for the range safety system antennas that would be used to abort a mission if the shuttle was damaged.
	www.redorbit.com /news/display?id=106190 (566 words)

	ScienceDaily: Successful Test Leads Way For Safer Shuttle Solid Rocket Motor
		One of the modifications is a slightly different propellant grain that changes the shape of the propellant in the forward segment of the Space Shuttle's motor to increase the propellant's strength.
		The motor, which is part of the Shuttle's Solid Rocket Booster, is composed of four segments, each 30 feet long and filled with propellant.
		NASA Reaches Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster Milestone (December 6, 2004) -- A major milestone was achieved today when technicians began stacking Space Shuttle Discovery's right Solid Rocket Booster in the Vehicle Assembly Building at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida...
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2004/06/040614081958.htm (1957 words)

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