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Topic: Space rendezvous

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	Enchanted Rendezvous
		A lunar mission, too, would require some sort of rendezvous either in lunar orbit, as Michael's study suggested, or around the Earth from an orbital base—perhaps the space station itself—where a lunar-bound spacecraft might be assembled or at least fueled.
		Rendezvous had to be a central element of all future flight endeavors—whatever they might be.
		He insisted that his committee be allowed to study rendezvous "in the broadest terms" possible because, as he presciently argued, the technique was bound to play a major role in almost any advanced space mission NASA might initiate.
	www.hq.nasa.gov /office/pao/History/monograph4/commit.htm (964 words)

	Gemini Radar
		The rendezvous radar was originally planned to be similar to ones used by the Bomarc Missile, but it was found necessary to design an interferometer type radar for low weight, small volume, and to provide the highest reliability possible.
		Four rendezvous radar tests were conducted during the mission, the first in revolution 14 on the second day; the spacecraft rendezvous radar successfully tracked a transponder on the ground at Cape Kennedy.
		Rendezvous was technically accomplished and stationkeeping began some 6 minutes later when the two spacecraft were about 120 feet apart and their relative motion had stopped.
	www.astronautix.com /craft/gemradar.htm (3784 words)

	Gemini
		This was one of the earliest sketches of a two-crew Mercury follow-on.
		Among key problems he cited were establishment of methods for fixing the relative positions of two objects in space; development of accurate target acquisition devices to enable supply craft to locate the space station; development of guidance systems to permit precise determination of flight paths; and development of reliable propulsion systems for maneuvering in orbit.
		Rendezvous and docking would be necessary to the Apollo orbiting laboratory missions planned for the 1965-1970 period.
	www.astronautix.com /project/gemini.htm (10274 words)

	Articles - Space rendezvous (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		A space rendezvous between two spacecraft, often between a spacecraft and a space station, is an orbital maneuver where the two arrive at the same orbit, make the orbital velocities the same, and bring them together (an approach maneuver, taxiing maneuver); it may or may not include docking.
		Another kind of "rendezvous" was in 1969, when the Apollo 12 mission involved a manned landing on the Moon within walking distance of the unmanned Surveyor 3, which had made a soft landing in 1967.
		An example of an undesired rendezvous in space is an uncontrolled one with space debris.
	www.x-moto.net /articles/Docking_maneuver (449 words)

	Project Gemini - A Chronology. Part 1 (A)
		Space Task Group engineers James A. Chamberlin and James T. Rose proposed adapting the improved Mercury spacecraft to a 35,000-pound payload, including a 5,000-pound "lunar lander." This payload would be launched by a Saturn C-3 in the lunar-orbit-rendezvous mode.
		Remaining flights were to establish orbital rendezvous techniques and to demonstrate the capability to rendezvous and dock in space.
		Because the capability for rendezvous in space was essential to a variety of future missions, the group agreed that "a vigorous high priority rendezvous development effort must be undertaken immediately." Its first recommendation was that a program be instituted to develop rendezvous capability on an urgent basis.
	history.nasa.gov /SP-4002/p1a.htm (6353 words)

	Enchanted Rendezvous
		On NASA's belief that a space station was the logical follow-on to Project Mercury, see Barton C. Hacker and James M. Grimwood, On the Shoulders of Titans: A History of Project Gemini (Washington, DC: NASA SP-4203 1977), p.
		Bernard Maggin to Milton B. Ames, Jr., "Inter-center Discussions of Space Rendezvous," 23 May 1960; John C. Houbolt, "Considerations of the Rendezvous Problems for Space Vehicles," presented at the National Aeronautical Meeting of the Society of Automotive Engineers, New York City, 5–8 April 1960.
		Houbolt's paper, "Problems and Potentialities of Space Rendezvous," first presented at the International Academy of Astronautics' International Symposium on Space Flight and Reentry Trajectories, was published under the same title in Astronautica Acta 7 (1961): 406-429.
	www.hq.nasa.gov /office/pao/History/monograph4/notes.htm (4542 words)

	Demonstration for Autonomous Rendezvous Technology (DART) Vehicle News - Marshall Space Flight Center News
		The DART vehicle, insulated with foil to protect components, is mounted to a vibration table for system vibration tests to validate that the vehicle can withstand the induced environments during the boost period of launch.
		The Demonstrator for Autonomous Rendezvous Technology (DART) spacecraft will be launched and carried into orbit aboard a Pegasus launch vehicle, shown here as it was readied for an earlier launch with all of its stages and wings attached.
		The Demonstrator for Autonomous Rendezvous Technology (DART) is an advanced flight demonstrator designed to demonstrate technologies required for a spacecraft to locate and rendezvous with other craft in space.
	www11.msfc.nasa.gov /news/dart (1020 words)

	Lunar Orbit Rendezvous and the Apollo Program
		John C. Houbolt explains the lunar orbit rendezvous concept that, in the opinion of many historians, was chief among the reasons why the U.S., in less than a decade, managed humankind's first extraterrestrial excursions.
		The lander would then be discarded into the vast darkness of space or crashed onto the moon (as was done in later Apollo missions for seismic experiments), and the three astronauts in their command ship would head for home.
		As a member of of Lunar Mission Steering Group, Houbolt had been studying various technical aspects of space rendezvous since 1959 and was convinced, like several others at Langley, that LOR was not only the most feasible way to make it to the moon before the decade was out, it was the only way.
	oea.larc.nasa.gov /PAIS/Rendezvous.html (2756 words)

	SPACE.com -- Mission Atlantis: Shuttle Begins Chase of Space Station
		By the time the fix was selected, tested, practiced and implemented, several weeks had passed and the space agency was forced to shuffle its schedule so that the higher-priority station-related missions would not be delayed too long.
		However, the agency pushed the launch date to Oct. 2 due to the repair of cracked bearings that were found in the crawler transporters that move the shuttles out to their launch pads at KSC.
		Faced with the possibility of evacuating the Johnson Space Center, officials began working through their procedures to shut down the Mission Control rooms that monitor space station and space shuttle operations.
	www.space.com /missionlaunches/sts112_launch_021007.html (1589 words)

	Time Line of Space Exploration
		This new space telescope, built by NASA, was the first to provide an all-sky continuous survey in the gamma-ray and X-ray spectra.
		They perform three space walks, installing six new gyroscopes, a new guidance sensor, a new computer, a voltage/temperature kit for the spacecraft's batteries, a new transmitter, a new solid state recorder, and thermal insulation blankets.
		July 12, 2001 - Space Shuttle Atlantis lifts off in the pre-dawn darkness for the ISS with the Joint Airlock which will enable space walks to be performed directly from the space station itself (I am there to watch the launch!).
	my.execpc.com /~culp/space/timeline.html (5906 words)

	ch8
		In fact, to a layman, if you were to explain what you had to do to perform a rendezvous in space, he would say that sounds so difficult we'll never be able to do it this century.
		To them, development of the rendezvous concept was "the obvious thing" to do before a lunar mission, but to so many others, space rendezvous was still an absurdly complicated and risky proposition.
		He was one of the strongest believers in rendezvous in the country, and that meant either kind of rendezvous.
	history.nasa.gov /SP-4308/ch8.htm (15523 words)

	The New Mexico Museum of Space History - Inductee - Thomas P. Stafford (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Secondary objectives included: Performing a closed-loop rendezvous in the fourth orbit, Stationkeep with Gemini VII, Evaluation of reentry guidance capability and Conducting visibility tests for rendezvous using Gemini VII as the target.
		Gemini VI was the first rendezvous in space and helped in the development of techniques to prove the basic theory and practicality of space rendezvous.
		In June 1966, Stafford was commander of Gemini IX and performed three different types of rendezvous, including a demonstration of an early rendezvous that would be used in Apollo; the first optical rendezvous; and a lunar or abort rendezvous.
	www.spacefame.org /stafford.html (458 words)

	Spaceflight Now \| STS-98 Mission Report \| Atlantis to rendezvous with space station Friday
		Space shuttle Atlantis is nearing the completion of its two-day pursuit to catch the international space station with the orbital linkup scheduled for 1650 GMT (11:50 a.m.
		Atlantis performs the yaw maneuver during the rendezvous as seen in animation.
		Take a flying tour around the international space station as it looks before Atlantis' visit and after when the Destiny laboratory is added.
	spaceflightnow.com /station/stage5a/010209dock (1434 words)

	Space advocates rendezvous in defense of science (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		WASHINGTON (AP) - Surrounded by the hardware that broke the grip of gravity, three astronauts and a Hollywood space buff talked Friday about what the nation has lost: its inspiration and fascination with science.
		The four men testified about ''America's Vision for the Future of Space Exploration'' at a congressional hearing held not in Congress, but in the Air and Space Museum.
		The spectacular setting became noisy when the doors opened to hordes of young springtime visitors.
	www.lubbockonline.com /news/051097/space.htm (307 words)

	cooltech.iafrica.com \| space Rendezvous with Mars
		Europe's first-ever solo expedition to Mars is on course for a Christmas Day rendezvous with the Red Planet after surviving the greatest solar storm on record and a post-launch power loss, mission officials have said.
		The European Space Agency (ESA) spacecraft, Mars Express, is now 40 million kilometres from Mars and on December 19 will release on schedule a small robot lab to search for signs of life on the Martian surface, they said.
		Meteorites knocked off the Martian surface and which have landed on Earth have been found to contain carbon compounds that, for some, shows that there was the potential for bacterial life in the planet's distant past.
	cooltech.iafrica.com /space/284986.htm (808 words)

	First rendezvous in space (1965) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		After Mercury had proven that man could live and work in space, Gemini spacecraft were designed by McDonnell under NASA leadership to master the orbital environment and test techniques that would allow man to go to the moon.
		Concepts developed during the Gemini program, such as the first rendezvous in space during the flights of Gemini 7 and 6 on December 15, 1965, would be the foundation for manned spaceflight in Earth orbit and beyond for decades to come.
		The world thrilled with Ed White, as he walked in space for 5,000 miles across the sky and told the world all the while of his experience.
	www.boeing.com /history/mdc/graphics/hist101b.htm (106 words)

	RedNova News - Space - NASA Puts Hands-Free Linkup to a Test (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Bush administration is billing DART as the opening act in its "Vision for Space Exploration" to the moon and Mars -- the prototype for a workhorse, low-cost vehicle that could just as easily hump supplies to astronauts in outer space or repair unmanned Earth-orbiting weather satellites.
		The grounding of the shuttles after last year's Columbia tragedy has forced the space station to rely for re-supply on small robotic Russian spacecraft and prompted NASA to embark on a crash program to build its own robotic vehicle to service the aging Hubble.
		NASA long ago recognized the need for a robotic spacecraft capable of self-guided rendezvous and docking, and during the 1980s and early 1990s it successfully tested a laser sensor that could find any target vehicle that carried a special reflector.
	www.rednova.com /news/display?id=97025 (1139 words)

	ESA - Human Spaceflight - Jules Verne: the first and most elaborate space rendezvous for Europe
		It is only during the third attempt on the third day - once the ATV is back to its previous rendezvous ‘hold’ position - that it will safely resume its final approach and go all the way to docking.
		For the final rendezvous manoeuvres, the ATV uses its eye-like sensors, combined with additional parallel measurement systems, which ensure an automatic docking with an incredible 1.5 cm precision while the spacecraft and ISS are circling the Earth at 28 000 km/h.
		“The first European rendezvous spacecraft is expected to dock with ISS with the accuracy of the size of a one Euro coin”, says ESA astronaut Jean-François Clervoy, Senior Advisor to the ATV programme.
	www.esa.int /esaHS/SEMJXMS1VED_index_0.html (1110 words)

	Calendar of Events: Colorado Space Rendezvous \| SpaceRef
		Joining the Colorado Space Business Roundtable and the Space Foundation in organizing the event are the State of Colorado, the Colorado Space Coalition, and the University of Colorado.
		Founded in 1983 and headquartered in Colorado Springs, Colo., the Space Foundation is a national non-profit organization that vigorously advances civil, commercial, and national security space endeavors and educational excellence.
		The Space Foundation has offices in Washington, D.C. and Cape Canaveral, Fla. The Space Foundation annually conducts, along with it partnering organizations, the National Space Symposium, scheduled April 4-7, 2005, at The Broadmoor in Colorado Springs; and Strategic Space 2005, scheduled Oct. 4-6, 2005, in Omaha, Neb. For more information, visit www.spacefoundation.org.
	www.spaceref.com /calendar/calendar.html?pid=3152 (463 words)

	Spaceflight Now \| Breaking News \| U.S. space rendezvous system passes design review
		The OSP is a NASA initiative to develop a crew rescue and transfer vehicle for the International Space Station.
		DART is a space flight demonstrator designed to test technologies required for the OSP to locate and rendezvous with the Station.
		DART's demonstration of autonomous rendezvous technologies will be key for the development of the OSP and future reusable launch vehicles," Snoddy said.
	spaceflightnow.com /news/n0308/21dart (555 words)

	NASM--Apollo to the Moon--Gemini 7 - First Space Rendezvous
		It was the first time in history that two vehicles had maneuvered to meet in space.
		It was supposed to take off on October 25, but the flight was cancelled after the unmanned rendezvous and docking target vehicle blew up.
		The mission was quickly changed to a rendezvous with Gemini 7.
	www.nasm.si.edu /galleries/ATTM/rm.ey.g7.3.html (144 words)

	DART Rendezvous Vehicle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		DART's mission was to prove the technologies required for spacecraft to locate and rendezvous with another spacecraft without direct human guidance.
		While NASA has performed rendezvous and docking missions in the past, astronauts have always piloted the spacecraft.
		The autonomous rendezvous technologies demonstrated by DART represent a critical step for establishing an autonomous rendezvous capability for the United States and will lay the groundwork for future reusable manned and unmanned launch vehicle operations.
	www.orbital.com /AdvancedSpace/DART (347 words)

	Space Shuttle Rendezvous with Space Station (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Saw space shuttle Discovery (STS-63) from Dublin, Ireland (53.2742N, 6.3588W, 95m above sea level) at Sunday 1995 Feb. 5d 06h 28m 47.30s U.T. when it passed Spica (V=0.97) which was about 22 deg.
		Except for the difference in spacing, the sight was reminiscent of STS-27 on the evening of Dec 2, 1988 where Atlantis and Lacrosse 1 were visible.
		Some report how very impressive it is to see the whole manned space effort in one field of view, or one sky.
	www2.satellite.eu.org /flash/91/chapter2_9.html (2523 words)

	DARTing Into Space
		The extremely accurate rendezvous and docking was carried out completely by computer.
		NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Ala., is working with Orbital Sciences Corporation located in Dulles, Va. to develop the DART spacecraft.
		While the DART spacecraft is only the first flight of the new system, the technology it demonstrates could have applications to future space systems development requiring in space assembly, services, or other autonomous rendezvous operations.
	www.spacedaily.com /news/astro-navigation-04c.html (745 words)

	SpaceDaily.Com - Space News From Earth And Beyond
		China plans to launch its next manned space mission in early October with two astronauts circling the earth for five to six days, state media reported Friday.
		The Russian Space Agency (Roskosmos) is about to start its Kliper launch vehicle project, the head of the agency told a Moscow press conference Thursday, reports RIA Novosti.
		Speaking to reporters after a Cabinet session, Anatoli Perminov said other national space agencies, in particular the ESA, were very much interested in the Kliper project.
	spacedaily.com (991 words)

	MobyGames - Rendezvous: A Space Shuttle Flight Simulation
		Orbital Rendezvous: With your shuttle now in orbit, you must determine the correct thrust angle to boost your spacecraft into the space station's orbit.
		Approach: You are now in the space station's orbit, but it is out of visual range.
		Alignment and Docking: Once you are within visual range of the space station, you must carefully maneuver the shuttle into the docking port in a sequence reminiscent of the docking sequence in 2001: A Space Odyssey.
	www.mobygames.com /game/rendezvous-a-space-shuttle-flight-simulation (324 words)

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