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	Encyclopedia: Space vehicle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The U.S. Space and Rocket Center museum in Huntsville, Alabama next to Redstone Arsenal displays many articles of space hardware, including a full-size replica of the Apollo 11 Saturn V rocket, the original Apollo and Mercury space capsule trainers, and the original Apollo 16 space capsule.
		The National Space Agency of Ukraine (NSAU) is the Ukrainian government agency responsible for space policy and programs, established in 1992.
		The first reusable spacecraft (space shuttle) was launched by the USA on the 20th anniversary of Gagarin's flight, April 12, 1981.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Space-vehicle (1246 words)

	Space Launch Vehicle Reliability
		An upper stage released from the space shuttle in orbit is considered a transfer vehicle, not a launch vehicle.
		Of the 4378 space launches conducted worldwide between 1957 and 1999, 390 launches failed (the success rate was 91.1 percent), with an associated loss or significant reduction of service life of 455 satellites (some launches included multiple payloads).
		Space launch failure in a closed society like the USSR or the People's Republic of China was guarded as a state secret and not publicized in news media.
	www.aero.org /publications/crosslink/winter2001/03.html (4639 words)

	SPACE.com -- U.S. Air Force Plans for Future War in Space (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The use of space is highlighted throughout the report, with the document stating that space superiority combines the following three capabilities: protect space assets, deny adversaries access to space, and quickly launch vehicles and operate payloads into space to quickly replace space assets that fail or are damaged/destroyed.
		From space global laser engagement, air launched anti-satellite missiles, to space-based radio frequency energy weapons and hypervelocity rod bundles heaved down to Earth from space the U.S. Air Force flight plan portrays how valued space operations has become for the warfighter and in protecting the nation from chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and high explosive attack.
		Astrosociology is the study of astrosocial phenomena (social/cultural patterns related to space), a multidisciplinary field open to all scientists and engineers interested in "space and society" issues.
	www.space.com /businesstechnology/technology/higher_ground_040222.html (1646 words)

	USATODAY.com - U.S. Air Force contemplates space battles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The report emphasizes that space capabilities are integral to modern war fighting forces, providing critical surveillance and reconnaissance information, especially over areas of high risk or denied access for airborne craft.
		Space capabilities also provide weather and other Earth observation data, global communications, precision position, navigation, and timing to troops on the ground, ships at sea, aircraft in flight, and weapons en route to targets.
		Space assets are critical to achieving information superiority as they enable predictive and dominant battlespace awareness.
	www.usatoday.com /tech/news/2004-02-23-airforce-space-war_x.htm (1419 words)

	Phillips Lab, Boeing roll out Space Maneuver Vehicle
		The Space Maneuver Vehicle was designed and built by Boeing under a partnership with Air Force Phillips Laboratory, N.M., and Air Force Wright Laboratory, Ohio.
		The space vehicle was built under a partnership between the Air Force Phil
		In theory, this versatile maneuver vehicle could deliver payloads to orbit from a military spaceplane, boost payloads to higher orbits from lower orbits, or be used as a rapid-reaction reconnaissance system.
	www.fas.org /spp/military/program/launch/n19970903_971093.html (667 words)

	X-40 Space Maneuver Vehicle (SMV)
		The Space Maneuver Vehicle (SMV) is envisioned as a small, powered, reusable space vehicle, operating as an upper stage on top of a reusable launch vehicle or as a reusable satellite bus with a variety of available payloads.
		The 90 percent-scale vehicle was built by Boeing Phantom Works, Seal Beach CA, under a partnership between Air Force Research Laboratory Space Vehicles Directorate at Kirtland Air Force Base NM and the Air Vehicles Directorate at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base OH.
		During the initial portion of the its free fall, the maneuver vehicle was stabilized by a parachute.
	www.globalsecurity.org /space/systems/x-40.htm (1421 words)

	AllRefer.com - space shuttle (Space Exploration) - Encyclopedia
		Missions of the space shuttle have included the transport of the Spacelab scientific workshop (see space exploration) and the insertion into orbit of the Hubble Space Telescope (1990), the Galileo space probe (1989), the Chandra X-Ray Observatory (1999), and a wide variety of communications, weather, scientific, and defense-related satellites.
		It was also in 1995 that the crew of Atlantis accomplished the first of nine shuttle-Mir (Russian space station) docking maneuvers and crew transfers, which were designed to pave the way for the assembly of the International Space Station (ISS).
		It is believed that damage to the left wing, which could have been caused by insulation that separated from the external fuel tank during launch, ultimately permitted superheated gas to flow into the wing, weaken it, and cause its failure.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/S/spaceshu.html (699 words)

	Space Vehicles Directorate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Led by Colonel Rex R. Kiziah the Space Vehicles Directorate is the Air Force "Center of Excellence" for space research and development.
		The Space Vehicles Directorate utilizes the assets and personnel of the former Phillips' Space Technology, Space Experiments, and Geophysics Directorates, as well as part of Phillips' Lasers and Imaging Directorate now called Directed Energy Directorate.
		Space Vehicles Directorate combines a talented mix of more than 1000 military and federal civilian workers and has an annual budget of approximately $200 million.
	www.vs.afrl.af.mil (353 words)

	Space Adventures — Space Adventures® Congratulates Burt Rutan And Scaled Composites On Development Of ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Space Adventures has over 100 suborbital reservations from individual and corporate clients, and is currently accepting bookings for suborbital flights departing by 2005 at $98,000 (U.S.) per seat.
		Space Adventures is working closely with over a half dozen aerospace companies including XCOR, Cosmopolis XXI and others, to lower the cost of space access and develop reliable, reusable space vehicles for suborbital tourist space flights.
		Space Adventures, Ltd., the world's leading space tourism company, offers a wide range of space experiences, from zero-gravity and Edge of Space flights, cosmonaut training and space flight qualification programs, to actual flights into space.
	www.spaceadventures.com /press/041803.html (547 words)

	SPACE.com -- Space Adventures Teams with XCOR Aerospace To Develop Sub-Orbital Vehicle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		An artist's representation of the Xerus space vehicle under development by XCOR Aerospace to put two people, one pilot and one space tourist, in space.
		The three-seat passenger vehicle was developed by the same aerospace company responsible for the design of the former Soviet Union's Buran Space Shuttle, the Myasishchev Design Bureau (MDB), in collaboration with the Cosmopolis XXI Suborbital Corporation and Space Adventures.
		Space Adventures currently has about 100 reservations for sub-orbital space trips, and estimates the market for such expeditions could generate a $1 billion-revenue.
	www.space.com /missionlaunches/space_tourism_020722.html (720 words)

	United Press International - Science & Technology (no pub) - Russia loses track of space vehicle
		The vehicle was supposed to land on the Kura training ground on the remote Kamchatka Peninsula on Russia's Pacific coast.
		The vehicle, developed jointly by the Babakin Center, the European Space Agency and the German-based Astrium space firm, aims to revolutionize cargo deliveries and transportation of astronauts.
		Then, in July 2001, it carried to space a solar sail developed by the Babakin Center, but failed to gain enough thrust during the third stage of the launch, preventing separation of the spacecraft from the booster rocket.
	www.upi.com /view.cfm?StoryID=13072002-011641-3467r (652 words)

	Space Vehicles - Launch Vehicle Design
		vehicle; in order to bring it back to Earth through the atmosphere in good enough shape to use again without major repairs, you'll need to add some extra equipment to it.
		Government space agencies have budgets quite big enough to do it, but they prefer to go on doing what they already do.
		If you make 50 vehicles and fly them frequently, then all the maintenance procedures etc can become routine like they are on aircraft, and their cost will drop a lo-ong way.
	www.spacefuture.com /vehicles/building.shtml (1150 words)

	Chapter 20 -- The Russian Space Programs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Initially, the Soviet space program was thought to be a number of political "stunts" done to show the rest of the world the superiority of the Communist system.
		The Soviet/Russian space stations gradually evolved using a basic core from the Salyut 1 program and then gradually improving it until the present MIR space station with its various modules which are all variants of the original Salyut 1 core vehicle.
		On July 13, 1969 a four-stage Proton vehicle launched Luna 15 to the Moon with the purpose of soft landing on the lunar surface, gathering a soil sample, and returning to Earth before Apollo 11.
	www.space.edu /projects/book/chapter20.html (6095 words)

	Tsiolkovsky
		Tsiolkovsky was certain that the future of human life will be in outer space, so he deceded that we must study the cosmos to pave the way for future generations.
		He predicted the use of liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen or liquid oxygen and kerosene for propulsion, spinning space stations for artificial gravity, mining asteroids for materials, space suits, the problems of eating, drinking, and sleeeping in weightlessness, and even closed cycle biological systems to provide food and oxygen for space colonies.
		He truly beleived that it was the destiny of humankind to occupy the solar system and then to expand into the depth of the cosmos, living off the energy of the stars to create a cosmic civilization that would master nature, abolish natural catastrophes, and acheive happiness for all.
	www.informatics.org /museum/tsiol.html (2013 words)

	Chinese Defence Today - ChangZheng-5 Space Launch Vehicle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology (CALT) is currently developing the next generation launch vehicle that could deliver 1.5 t~25 t payload to LEO, or 1.5 t~14 t payload to GEO.
		This would replace the existing CZ-1/-2/-3/-4 launch vehicles, as well as providing new capabilities which are not possessed by the current CZ family.
		The new generation CZ-5 launch vehicle will adopts a modular design, with three primary modular core stages of 2.25m, 3.35m and 5.0m diameter.
	www.sinodefence.com /space/launchvehicle/cz5.asp (416 words)

	Space Vehicles - Vehicle Designs
		is a single stage vehicle, but composed of two discreet and seperable units: a command module, which includes the cabin, life support, and reaction control system, and a propulsion module comprising the fuel tanks, engines, and landing gear.
		Ltd. It is an unpiloted fully reusable aircraft-like vehicle capable of transporting 12 tonnes of cargo into space and is intended as a replacement for expensive expendable launchers in the commerical market.
		is a sub-orbital four-seater rocket vehicle aimed at the future hobbyist market as an all-inclusive kit for an expected price of somewhere between a quarter and half $million, though you'll have to supply the fuel yourself.
	www.spacefuture.com /vehicles/designs.shtml (3780 words)

	Chronology - 1971 - Quarter 1
		Satellite vehicles represent a rather fearsome foresight of future wars of nerves, in which aggressive nations could put their pilotless missiles into frictionless satellite motion round the earth for all to see and fear, with the constant threat of guiding them down to a target.
		The space vehicle for the Apollo 14 mission was determined ready for launch on January 31.
		The launch vehicle had a very cold boattail due to a hose discovered to be leaking away warming air to the boattail.
	www.astronautix.com /chrono/19711.htm (6411 words)

	The OSP Space Launch Vehicle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Orbital Suborbital Program Space Launch Vehicle ("Minotaur") is a combination of the highly reliable Minuteman II ICBM system and the proven Pegasus launch vehicle.
		The first and second stages of the vehicle are the M-55A1 and SR-19 Minuteman II rocket motors respectively.
		The vehicle is currently capable of launching from a government pad at Vandenberg Air Force Base, Calif., as well as commercial spaceports at Wallops Island, Va., Cape Canaveral, Fla., Vandenberg AFB, Calif., and Kodiak Island, Alaska.
	www.losangeles.af.mil /SMC/PA/Fact_Sheets/minotaur_fs.htm (590 words)

	Tours to watch a space vehicle launch at the Baikonur, Russia's launch site in Kazakhstan
		The Baikonur space vehicles and missiles launch site is a complicated engineering and technical complex.
		The world's first artificial satellite of the Earth, as well as the first artificial satellites of the Sun, of the Moon and of the Venus were launched from the Baikonur.
		Directly before the space vehicle launch you can get acquainted with its crew, attend a space suits donning and integrity check procedures and a press - conference.
	www.atlasaerospace.net /eng/baykonur.htm (270 words)

	Space Vehicle Maneuver (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Aerocapture and aerobreaking are maneuvers which space vehicles perform to save fuel or reduce the vehicle design mass.
		Without burning a lot of fuel or without having big rocket engines, the space vehicle changes its orbit by using the drag force from the planet's atmosphere.
		When the drag is used to slow down and the space vehicle is captured into the satellite orbit of the planet, it is called aerocapture.
	ares.ame.arizona.edu /microsensors/orbit.html (194 words)

	NASA Dryden X-38 Photo Collection
		The X-38 is a technology demonstrator for the proposed Crew Return Vehicle, which is designed as a emergency crew return vehicle for the International Space Station.
		The X-38 Vehicle 131R drops away from its launch pylon on the wing of NASA's NB-52B mothership as it begins its eighth free flight on Thursday, December 13, 2001.
		The X-38 prototype of the Crew Return Vehicle is suspended under its giant 7,500-square-foot parafoil during its eighth free flight on Thursday, December 13, 2001.
	www1.dfrc.nasa.gov /gallery/photo/X-38 (1465 words)

	Space Vehicles and Policies Information at Business.com
		Launches Ariane 4 and Ariane 5 launch vehicles to put satellites and other auxiliary payloads into earth orbit.
		International space company formed to provide launch services to a wide range of commercial space users.
		Developers of the fully reusable aerospace vehicle, the Kistler K-1.
	www.business.com /directory/aerospace_and_defense/space (198 words)

	HobbySpace - Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV) News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		SpaceShipOne made it to space, Virgin is investing over $100M in space tourism, several other organizations began building real hardware for both suborbital and orbital space transport, Bigelow is building space habitats, major legislation was passed dealing with regulation of commercial human spaceflight, a feasible commercial lunar fly-by mission is being marketed, etc, etc.
		Space advocates should pursue a pragmatic approach that combines support for both private space efforts and for NASA while relentlessly pressuring the agency to create and implement programs that are effective in advancing space development and settlement.
		The budget for the Russian space program will finally get a boost, which could help with projects like the Kliper: The new frontier: The Russian space industry is finally having its budget boosted.
	www.hobbyspace.com /Links/RLVNews.html (1182 words)

	Innovation - Space Vehicle to Save Launch Costs
		The vehicle uses large, inflatable parabolic concentrators to focus sunlight on a high temperature absorber.
		The consortium's goal is to develop a Solar Thermal Upper Stage (STUS), which is a space vehicle with a unique propulsion system.
		Although many of the technologies have been demonstrated at the component level by one of the partnership members; there has been no system demonstration of these various elements together, (on ground or in space) because the capabilities were spread across a number of entities.
	www.nctn.hq.nasa.gov /innovation/Innovation35/LaunchCosts.html (552 words)

	SPACE.com -- Mini-AERCam Robotic Space Vehicle
		NASA is developing the Mini AERCam free-flying robotic inspection vehicle for remote viewing and inspection on future human spaceflight missions.
		The vehicle is designed with a central ring that houses the power and propulsion system.
		The vehicle is designed for either remotely piloted operations or supervised autonomous operations.
	www.space.com /businesstechnology/technology/technov_aercam_050622.html (540 words)

	CNN.com - Private spacecraft blast offs June 21 - Jun 2, 2004
		The pilot of the craft, still to be announced, will become the first person to earn astronaut wings in a non-government sponsored vehicle, and the first private civilian to fly a spaceship out of the atmosphere.
		Sub-orbital space flight refers to a mission that flies out of the atmosphere but does not reach the speeds needed to sustain continuous orbiting of the earth.
		Unlike any previous manned space mission, the June flight will allow the public to view, up close, the takeoff and landing as well as the overhead rocket boost to space.
	www.cnn.com /2004/TECH/space/06/02/private.space (1010 words)

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