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Topic: Spaceflight records

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	Spaceflight Records Encyclopedia Article @ LaunchBase.org (Launch Base) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		human spaceflights, but some unmanned and canine records are included.
		This spaceflight of record-breaking duration was not surpassed by humans until
		John Swigert while passing over the far side of the moon at an altitude of 254 km (158 miles) from the lunar surface, were 400,171 km (248,655 miles) from earth.
	www.launchbase.org /encyclopedia/Spaceflight_records (265 words)

	Space Station K-12 Background Information
		Space stations are used to study the effects of long-term space flight on the human body as well as to provide platforms for greater number and length of scientific studies than available on other space vehicles.
		The duration record of 437.7 days was set by Valeri Polyakov aboard Mir from 1994 to 1995.
		This image was recorded by astronauts as the Space Shuttle Atlantis approached the Russian space station prior to docking during the STS-76 mission.
	www.juliantrubin.com /encyclopedia/astronomy/spacestation.html (5667 words)

	COUNTERMEASURES TO LONG-DURATION SPACEFLIGHT
		Over the course of 38 years of progressively longer spaceflights, numerous adjustments to the operations of the human body have been documented.
		Roughly 2/3rds to 3/4ths of Shuttle astronauts suffer from SMS to varying degrees in the first 2 days of spaceflight; symptoms of dizziness, sweating, nausea and vomiting resolve spontaneously, usually within 48 hours of entering space, but can be so debilitating that no EVAs or delicate maneuvers are planned during this period.
		As discussed in ‘Aerospace Medicine 101: Adaptations to Spaceflight’, microgravity negates the body’s hydrostatic column: gravity no longer pools fluids in the lower extremities, and both intracellular and extracellular fluids rapidly redistribute evenly, shifting to the upper body and head (similar to hanging upside-down on a gym bar).
	chapters.marssociety.org /usa/oh/aero3.htm (2056 words)

	SPACEFLIGHT RADIATION HEALTH PROGRAM
		The Spaceflight Radiation Health Program seeks to balance the requirements for operational flexibility with the requirement to minimize crew radiation exposure.
		Records of exposure both to medical examinations and spaceflight are documented as part of the Spaceflight Radiation Health Protection Program.
		Crew doses are estimated for the procedures and documented in their health records.
	klabs.org /richcontent/Tutorial/radiation/space_rad_health/spaceflight_radiation_health_program.htm (4351 words)

	Human spaceflight (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		'''Human spaceflight''' is space exploration with a human crew, and possibly passengers (in contrast to unmanned space missions, which are remotely-controlled or robotic space probes).
		Human spaceflight missions beyond Earth orbit have been carried out by the United States only: to the Moon in the late 1960s.
		The first human spaceflight was Vostok 1 on April 12, 1961: Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin made one orbit around the earth.
	human-spaceflight.kiwiki.homeip.net (666 words)

	Spaceflight records - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Most of these records are about human spaceflights, but some unmanned and canine records are included.
		This record breaking distance was reached at 0:21 UTC on April 15, 1970.
		The Apollo 10 crew; Thomas Stafford, John W. Young and Gene Cernan achieved the highest speed ever attained by humans; 39,896 km/h (11.1 km/s, 24,790 mph).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Spaceflight_records (669 words)

	[No title]
		NASA History and Records The National Aeronautics and Space Administration was established in 1958 as a civilian space agency under the National Aeronautics and Space Act.
		In accordance with its records retention schedules NASA destroyed its files on the Oak Ridge study in 1980, but other documents have emerged from the Department of Energy and from 1981 Congressional hearings chaired by then Representative Albert Gore Jr.
		According to these regulations, records of major research projects may be transferred to Federal Record Centers after 2 years, and may be disposed of 13 years later, after consultation with the National Archive and Records Administration on permanent retention.
	www.gwu.edu /~nsarchiv/radiation/dir/mstreet/commeet/meet4/brief4.gfr/tab_k/br4k1.txt (4613 words)

	ESA - Telemedicine Alliance - Electronic Health Records for Europe
		The EUROREC 20004 conference took place on Friday 26th November 2004 in Brussels, under the auspices of the European Institute for Health Records and the IST programme of the European Commission.
		The conference was a useful venue to disseminate the Electronic Health Records (EHR) models in some European countries, as well as from the industrial and academic perspectives.
		Moreover, a one-day workshop on Electronic Health Records organised via the EU 6th Framework Semantic Mining project, in collaboration with EUROREC, was held on November 27, 2004 in Brussels.
	www.esa.int /SPECIALS/Telemedicine_Alliance/SEMWC7SMD6E_0.html (258 words)

	ESA Human Spaceflight \| Users » Muscle
		The main scientific objective of this experiment is to test the hypothesis that the atrophy of certain deep abdominal muscles in weightlessness, leads to lower back pain in astronauts.
		To test the hypothesis, the (expected) development of lower back pain will be recorded by means of a questionnaire, which records specific information including the location of any lower back pain, it’s acuteness and it’s length of duration.
		The results regarding type and intensity of pain will be related to the data on the physiological process of muscle adaptation as obtained from previous ground studies.
	www.spaceflight.esa.int /users/file.cfm?filename=miss-delta-exp-muscle (427 words)

	Manned Space Flight
		In 1961, President Kennedy made a famous speech in which he challenged the country to land an astronaut on the moon and safely return him to the Earth by the end of the decade.
		Through a sequence of human spaceflight and robotic space mission programs, including Mercury, Gemini, and Apollo, the United States finally succeeded in landing the first people on the Moon in 1969 with Apollo 11!
		Finally in 1981, the United States revamped their human spaceflight program with several new missions and brand new spacecraft design, the space shuttle.
	www.windows.ucar.edu /tour/link=/space_missions/manned_history.html (603 words)

	Space Future - The Pleasure of Spaceflight
		Thus, these would be special requirements for spaceflight, to be added to those of airflight.
		According to log records of my flight, I vomited at 17:45 after the lift-off at 11:13.
		After undergoing training for spaceflight, he was selected as finalist and accomplished the mission from December 2 through 10, 1990, becoming the first Japanese astronaut and the first journalist astronaut in the world.
	www.spacefuture.com /archive/the_pleasure_of_spaceflight.shtml (1669 words)

	World Record and World Records Portal @ Strove.net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Magical Romance broke the world record for a broodmare when she was was sold for 4,600,000 guineas ($9.4m) on the second day of the Tattersalls December Mare...
		A world record is the best performance in a certain discipline, usually a sports event.
		The latter term is still used in athletics (track and field) to describe performances not recognized as an official world record, either because the event is a non-qualifying event (e.g.
	www.strove.net (979 words)

	World Record and World Records Home Page @ Attempted.net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		A new world record price for Chinese contemporary art was set by an oil painting that sold for 22 million yuan (2.75 million US dollars) at the Beijing Poly...
		Montanna's age-group world record is for a 9.5kg Spanish mackerel caught on a 3kg line near the Vernon Islands, northeast of Darwin.
		Outside of conventional sports, world records can also be set in virtually anything that is measurable, but verifying these records is often difficult.
	www.attempted.net (924 words)

	Nasaexplores
		Michael Foale is currently on his sixth spaceflight.
		In this lesson, students will use spaceflight duration records to create a bar graph.
		Talk about the record Foale recently set and what important information can be learned from the crews that stay in space for long periods of time.
	www.nasaexplores.com /show_k4b_teacher_sh.php?id=040409124228 (420 words)

	Cosmonaut Resource Center - soyuz cosmonaut makarov
		As of October 12, 2005, a total of 448 humans have reached space russian woman cosmonaut according to the U.S. definition (442 people qualify under the FAI definition, while 438 people have reached Earth orbit or beyond).
		The first attempt ever in human history to use rocket for a spaceflight was done in the 16th century by a Chinese Ming dynasty russian cosmonaut fatality explosion official, a skilled stargazer named Wan Hu.
		As of 2005, the most spaceflights by an individual russian cosmonaut astronaut was seven, a record held by both Jerry L. Ross and Franklin Chang-Diaz.
	www.taxgloss.com /Tax-Professions_Co_-_D-/Cosmonaut.html (1246 words)

	X-43A - officially a world beater - NASA SpaceFlight.com
		NASA set the record in November during the third and final flight of the experimental X-43A scramjet (supersonic-combustion ramjet) project.
		Both records will be featured in the 2006 edition of the Guinness World Records book published in September 2005.
		The previous record for an air-breathing vehicle, but not an airplane, was held by a ramjet-powered missile, which achieved slightly more than Mach 5.
	www.nasaspaceflight.com /content/?id=2956 (511 words)

	Human spaceflight - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Human spaceflight is spaceflight with a human crew and possibly passengers, which is in contrast to robotic space probes or remotely-controlled unmanned space missions.
		The first human spaceflight was Vostok 1 on April 12, 1961; Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin made one orbit around the Earth; following the success of his flight, the head engineer of the Vostok program suggested the formation of women cosmonauts; Valentina Tereshkova became the first woman in space onboard Vostok 6 on June 16, 1963.
		The only destination of human spaceflight missions beyond Earth orbit has been the Moon, which is itself in Earth orbit.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Human_spaceflight (521 words)

	Space Today Online - Answers To Your Questions
		Former ISS commander Michael Foale is the U.S. space endurance record holder with a total of 375 days.
		Avdeyev's record of some 748 days in space was accumulated on three flights.
		Walz still is co-holder, with astronaut Daniel Bursch, of the record for the longest single U.S. spaceflight.
	www.spacetoday.org /Questions/SpaceflightEnduranceRecords.html (526 words)

	NAA: National Aeronautic Association
		NAA encompasses all areas of flight from skydiving and models to commercial airlines, military aircraft, and spaceflight.
		Recognized, official records are set through our Contest and Records department.
		NAA provides observers for many record attempts and compiles the data necessary to certify aviation and spaceflight records of all kinds.
	www.naa.aero /html/aboutNaa/index.cfm?cmsid=93 (482 words)

	NASA History Fact Sheet
		NASA's first high-profile human spaceflight program was Project Mercury, an effort to learn if humans could survive the rigors of spaceflight.
		The Apollo 13 mission of April 1970 reinforced the notion that NASA had a remarkable ability to adapt to the unforeseen technical difficulties inherent in human spaceflight when astronauts and ground crews had to improvise to end the mission safely after an oxygen tank burst midway through the journey to the Moon.
		Then Russia, which had many years of experience in long-duration human spaceflight, joined the United States and other international partners in 1993 to build a facility that became known as the International Space Station (ISS).
	centennialofflight.gov /essay/Evolution_of_Technology/NASA/Tech2.htm (1945 words)

	Spaceflight Now \| Breaking News \| Guinness names aerogel world's lightest solid
		A new version of aerogel, the particle-collecting substance on NASA's Stardust spacecraft, has been recognized by Guinness World Records as the solid with the lowest density.
		Guinness World Records approved the new aerogel's application for the least dense solid in March.
		Aerogel is pure silicon dioxide and sand, just as is glass, but aerogel is a thousand times less dense than glass because it is 99.8 percent air.
	www.spaceflightnow.com /news/n0205/08aerogel (713 words)

	Shuttle-Mir History/Shuttle Flights & Mir Increments/Lucid Increment
		She began her 188 days in space - an American all-time spaceflight record and a world record for a woman.
		She has participated in five spaceflights and logged 223 days in orbit.
		The residency of an American astronaut aboard the Russian space station continued with NASA Astronaut John Blaha.
	spaceflight.nasa.gov /history/shuttle-mir/history/h-f-lucid.htm (467 words)

	GeoParent \| Education \| Learning Fun: People in Space! - Firsts and Records
		The two countries were in the midst of the cold war and spaceflight had become an important symbol of national superiority.
		His spaceflight represented not just a technological achievement, but a political one.
		She remained for a record 188 days on the space station, the longest period of time ever spent by a U.S. astronaut in space.
	geoparent.com /education/learningfun/peopleinspace.htm (1793 words)

	For an out-of-this-world experience, just lie down - human-spaceflight - 29 March 2006 - New Scientist Space
		Todd Trappe, an exercise scientist at Ball State, says the finding could be used to help mitigate the effects on inactive people such as bedridden patients and the elderly, as well as ensuring the safety of long-term space travellers.
		The similarity of the two groups' results confirms the decades-long practice of using inclined bedrest as a proxy for spaceflight.
		For that reason, researchers are working to improve the "exercise countermeasures" astronauts use while at the International Space Station to fight the bodily toll of microgravity.
	space.newscientist.com /channel/human-spaceflight/dn8912-for-an-outofthisworld-experience-just-lie-down.html (604 words)

	[No title]
		Besides the rigors of practice spaceflight the astronauts had to undergo jungle, desert and water survival training in case their capsule landed some place other than it was supposed to.
		At sunset during the 15th orbit Collins opened his hatch, stood in his seat, and photographed the Milky Way in ultraviolet light; this was never done on Earth because the ozone layer prohibits ultraviolet light from penetrating the atmosphere.
		During this record EVA of 5 hours and 30 minutes Aldrin displayed no stress and proved that a trained astronaut could perform useful skills outside the spacecraft.
	members.tripod.com /civiliancomms/spacecomms/space_exploration/part03b.html (17303 words)

	Private rocket ship breaks space barrier - The New Space Race - MSNBC.com
		A representative of the Guinness Book of World Records, David Hawksett, officially recognized Monday's effort as the "first-ever privately funded manned spaceflight." And Patti Grace Smith, the Federal Aviation Administration's associate administrator for commercial space transportation, awarded Melvill the first astronaut wings ever granted by the FAA and the Department of Transportation.
		Melvill, a veteran test pilot who holds several world aviation records, got a taste of the suborbital experience felt in the 1960s by early NASA astronauts and X-15 pilots.
		Afterward, Melvill and Rutan said the boom was apparently caused by the buckling of a fairing that was added to the rocket plane's engine nozzle for this record-setting flight.
	www.msnbc.msn.com /id/5261571 (1658 words)

	Shuttle-Mir History/Spacecraft/Mir Space Station/Mir's Spaceflight Records (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The longest duration spaceflight records are held by Russian Mir residents, including: Yuri Romanenko (1987 - 326 days); Vladimir Titov and Musa Manarov (1995 - 366 days); Valery Polyakov (1995 - 438 days).
		Polyakov holds the overall endurance record of 679 days in two flights.
		Women's spaceflight endurance records were set by the Russian Elena Kondakova (1995 - 169 days) and the American Shannon Lucid (1996 - 188 days).
	spaceflight.nasa.gov /history/shuttle-mir/spacecraft/to-s-mir-records.htm (151 words)

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