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Topic: Spandrel

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	Spandrel - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A spandrel (less often spandril or splaundrel) is the space between two arches or between an arch and a rectangular enclosure.
		The spandrel of doors is sometimes ornamented in the Decorated period, but seldom forms part of the composition of the doorway itself, being generally over the label.
		Spandrels can also occur in the construction of domes, and are typical in grand architecture from the mediaeval period onwards.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Spandrel (385 words)

	Virginia Glass Products Corporation Spandrel
		Spandrel panels are produced with a fused-on inorganic ceramic enameled frit and are ideal for use in both four sided framed installations as well as structurally glazed applications.
		Pyrolytic reflective spandrel glass will be furnished with the reflective coating on the number 1 surface and the ceramic frit applied to the non-reflective surface, unless otherwise specified and agreed to in writing.
		It is very important to maintain the edge strength of spandrels, and no glass to metal contact or mishandling should occur which might damage the glass edges or surfaces.
	www.va-glass.com /default_spandrel.htm (791 words)

	spandrel_revolution
		We know that the spandrels were not built to house the evangelists because San Marco stood and operated in its appointed role as a church for at least three centuries before the mosaicists applied their astonishing work to a series of constrained and previously unornamented spaces.
		However, the fact that all existing spandrels (in the architectural sense) are actually adaptations, at worse, demonstrates that Gould made an embarrassing choice of metaphor since spandrels (in the architectural sense) would fail to qualify as spandrels (in the Gouldian sense).
		To recap, a cross-level spandrel is where a modification (usually an adaptation) at one level of the biological hierarchy is injected into another level of the hierarchy.
	www.homestead.com /songsinthenight/spandrel_revolution.html (5607 words)

	Monolithic Spandrel Panels (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Spandrel glass which complements the vision glass on curtain walls, typically require masking of vision into building structural areas.
		Spandrel glass may be used aesthetically to blend with or accent contrast to the vision glass.
		Spandrel areas deserve special attention and can be specified in several forms depending on design parameters and objectives.
	www.sisecam.com /products/DUZCAM/SPANDREL/monolithic/monolitic.html (165 words)

	Solar Seal Company
		Spandrel glass is glass which has been rendered opaque with a water based lead-free opacifier.
		Spandrel can be manufactured to satisfy both opacity and the criteria for fallout protection.
		Spandrel glass is not designed for use in transoms, partitions, areas exposed to traffic flow or any other place where diffused light is a concern.
	www.solarseal.com /prod_spandrel.php (325 words)

	AAAS - AAAS Evolution Resources
		Spandrels-the tapering triangular spaces formed by the intersection of two rounded arches at right angles are necessary architectural byproducts of mounting a dome on rounded arches.
		We strongly suspect that Aztec cannibalism was an "adaptation" much like evangelists and rivers in spandrels, or ornamented bosses in ceiling spaces: a secondary epiphnomenon representing a fruitful use of available parts, not a cause of the entire system.
		Spandrels must exist once a blueprint specifies that a dome shall rest on rounded arches.
	www.aaas.org /spp/dser/03_Areas/evolution/perspectives/Gould_Lewontin_1979.shtml (7155 words)

	Spandrel - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Architecturally, a spandrel (less often spandril or splaundrel) is the space between two arches or between an arch and a rectangular enclosure.
		In evolutionary biology, a spandrel is a phenotypic characteristic that evolved as a side effect of a true adaptation.
		In the context of evolution, a spandrel is a metaphor for characteristics that are or were originally side effects and not true adaptations to the environment.
	www.seas.upenn.edu /~cse121/hws/webcrawler_project/html_pages/3/Spandrel.html (337 words)

	Spandrels!
		Non-adaptive evolution of a trait is typified by the concept of an evolutionary spandrel.
		Spandrel, as used by Gould and Lewontin, refers to the space created by placing a dome on rounded arches.
		Spandrels are a specific case of non-adaptive evolution.
	www.webspawner.com /users/iloveecoli/spandrels.html (2315 words)

	AT - 5 SPANDREL Anti-Tank Guided Missile
		Introduced in 1977, the SPANDREL is equivalent to the American TOW missile.
		The SPANDREL launch tube has a blow-out cap at the front and is flared at the rear.
		The SPANDREL was supposed to replace all vehicle-mounted SWATTER and SAGGER missiles, but with the collapse of the USSR this did not become a reality.
	www.fas.org /man/dod-101/sys/land/row/at5spandrel.htm (411 words)

	[No title]
		Among the spandrels he cited as being by-products of large brains are religion, reading, writing, fine arts, the norms of commerce, and the practices of war.
		When exaptations are co-opted spandrels, where the mechanism being co-opted for a new function was not an adaptation but rather an incidental by-product of an adaptation, then selection is required to explain the adaptation that produced the incidental by-product.
		And co-opted spandrels invoke selection in explaining the adaptations of which they are by-products, in explaining the reshaping of the by-product for its new function, and in explaining the maintenance of the by-product in the population because of its new function.
	www.sscnet.ucla.edu /comm/haselton/webdocs/spandrels.html (10681 words)

	Spandrel Glass
		Often a project may require spandrel glass to harmonize with the vision areas of your building.
		Viracon recommends viewing glass samples or full-size mockups to match vision and spandrel glass areas when the visible light transmission of the vision glass exceeds 14 percent.
		By keeping the vision and spandrel glass construction similar (the same exterior glass color, coating, etc.), the contrast can be minimized under various lighting conditions.
	www.viracon.com /viraspan.html (418 words)

	if:book: the page as a spandrel (or not)
		In "The Spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian Paradigm",...
		In "The Spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian Paradigm", they wondered about how the spandrels - in architecture, the roughly triangular area between two perpendicular arches - in the cathedral of San Marco in Venice came to be.
		Looking at how the spandrels are decorated now, they reasoned, you might imagine that they had been designed to feature prominently in the architecture.
	www.futureofthebook.org /blog/archives/2005/05/the_page_as_a_spandrel_or_not.html (917 words)

	Insulating Glass Spandrel Units (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		It is accepted by many professionals that IG spandrel solutions provide best match to vision glazing with high light transmission and low reflection.
		The shadow box spandrel panels can be insulating units with clear inner lites which transmit the sensation of depth simulated by the dark uniform matt colored background surface.
		The width of the intermediary space of the insulating glass spandrel units should be kept at minimum and butyl+silicone secondary seal should be preferred due to high temperatures and/or temperature changes normally expected at spandrels.
	www.sisecam.com /products/DUZCAM/SPANDREL/insulating/insulating.html (184 words)

	Language is a Spandrel of the Mind
		A spandrel is more or less an accidental byproduct of something else of more adaptive significance.
		Dennett mischievously mentions in passing the theory that language itself may be a spandrel.
		In order for language to exist, the human brain had to reach a certain level of complexity; but the processing power of the brain may originally have been "selected for" in connection with an ability to hunt in tandem or throw projectiles.
	www.spectacle.org /498/spandrel.html (789 words)

	DURABRAC Vinyl Porch Spandrel
		Durabrac 100% Vinyl Porch Spandrel is manufactured to fit your individual lengths.
		Durabrac Vinyl Spandrel is solid non-yellowing white, ready to install.
		All spandrel sections in your shopping cart will be listed below on this page for quick reference.
	www.durabrac.com /spandrel.aspx?cid=16 (149 words)

	Torsion in Spandrel Beams (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		In a reinforced concrete spandrel beam, reduction in torsional moment can occur due to redistribution of internal actions after cracking.
		These specimens represented the spandrel-floor beam system both at the midspan region and the region near the support of a continuous spandrel beam.
		It is found that the ACI method gives the most desirable and economic design for the entire length of the spandrel.
	www.pubs.asce.org /WWWdisplay.cgi?5013861 (137 words)

	Post-Disaster Investigation \| Hurricane Katrina (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Evidence of horizontal pounding by waves can be seen in Figure 1 and Figure 2, note the holes in spandrel beams where the shear key in end of the deck-beam web notched into the socket of the spandrel beam; the shear key appears to have punched the holes.
		In some cases, the spandrel beam rested on the outside of the column (Figure 5), and could only have moved inward at mid-span, in flexure.
		Shear failure was observed in deck-beam shear keys (Figures 7 and 8) and in supporting girders (Figure 9, the interior girders in the background of Figure 10, or the three bites in the 3rd-level spandrel beam in Figure 11).
	mceer.buffalo.edu /research/Reconnaissance/Katrina8-28-05/Synthesis_Parking_Structure_Damage/default.asp (1067 words)

	Spandrel Arch For Route 146
		One of the big outstanding engineering feats, if not the greatest of all is the spandrel arch bridge which crosses the rugged, primitive valley and connects the hills near Dixon Springs.
		The huge, massive structure of concrete with steel reinforcement, when completed will be 339 feet, 8 inches in length from pier to pier and at the center will be 60 feet from the ground.
		There is a hiking trail south of the swimming pool that leads hikers under the giant, spandrel arches and beside the scenic, rocky creek bed.
	www.shawneelink.net /~fayebow/sih/ill_011.html (876 words)

	Oldcastle Glass® Spandrel Glass Applications
		Spandrel glass can be installed monolithically, using insulated metal backpans, but is more often found as a component of an insulating glass unit.
		Reflective spandrel glass units are widely used when a uniform all-glass look is desired for the building exterior.
		Spandrel glass is traditionally an opaque material not intended for use in vision areas.
	www.oldcastleglass.com /spandrel_applications.php (96 words)

	National Glass \| Product \| Ceramic Fritted and Spandrel Glass
		In spandrel panels it is always recommended that glass be heat strengthened because of the excessive heat build up generated (upwards of 70degC).
		In this situation the other benefit of heat strengthening is apparent, where upon breakage the glass tends to fragment into large pieces and stay intact in the opening or framework.
		The other main benefit of ceramic fritted products for spandrel applications is their greater durability in comparison with other methods of spandrel glazing as described on the next page.
	www.nationalglass.com.au /products/09/09.html (284 words)

	ACI Distribution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Spandrel glass is manufactured by a roll coating process in which ceramic frit is rolled onto the surface of a cut-to-size piece of glass and then fired to create a permanent coating.
		A primary concern of many designers using glass in spandrel areas of a building involves matching aesthetics with vision area, glazing color and reflectance.
		As a result, spandrel glass in many cases is given an opaque coating on the indoor glass surface to prevent visual read-through of objects behind the spandrel glazing.
	www.acidistribution.com /products_spandrel.htm (172 words)

	PRL Glass Systems-Spandrel Glass (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Spandrel glass is available in a wide range of standard colors and custom colors.
		Quality of PRL Spandrel Glass is assured, since PRL is an ICD OPACI-COAT CERTIFIED FABRICATOR.
		Our state of the art spandrel system is capable of producing 14,000 square feet in an eight-hour shift.
	www.prlglass.com /spandrel.html (81 words)

	Oldcastle Glass® Spandrel Glass Overview
		Offered monolithically, in insulating units, or as laminated glass, spandrel glass is typically specified for buildings' nonvision areas to mask construction materials.
		Even refurbished buildings covered in a combination of vision and spandrel glass can appear to be constructed entirely of glass.
		Oldcastle Glass® offers two types of spandrel ceramic frit and silicone paint.
	www.oldcastleglass.com /spandrel_overview.php (83 words)

	Boston Review:Dennet Responds to Orr's Review of "Darwin's Dangerous Idea" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Instead, spandrels are there because they have to be-they are, it turns out, the inevitable by-product of putting a dome on rounded arches.
		If by "spandrel" Gould and Lewontin mean the particular structure used in San Marco (properly called a pendentive) then what they say is false; pendentives are one of many options, but they are probably the optimal engineering solution to the problem of supporting the dome-what I would call a Forced Move.
		In this sense, spandrels (pendentives) are adaptations par excellence.
	www.bostonreview.net /br21.5/dennett.html (3135 words)

	Garibaldi Glass Industries Inc. - Products > Silicone Spandrel
		Spandrel is glass transformed into an opaque architectural element that blends seamlessly above or below the vision line in glass curtainwalls, decorative glass, wall cladding or throughout a building to cover mechanical elements.
		Ideal for creating aesthetic continuity, Spandrel glass adds a rich decorative touch that can be made to match your desired colour, pattern and glass.
		At Garibaldi, our Spandrel glass is available in Ceramic Frit or Opaci-Coat 300® Silicone Spandrel, a water-based silicon backing ideal for creating ornamental elements throughout your design.
	www.garibaldiglass.com /silicone_spandrel.html (168 words)

	Military Factory - BRDM-2 Spandrel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		This BRDM-2 variant is mechnically identical to the BRDM-2 base with the exception of the Spandrel anti-tank missile launcher perched atop the hull.
		The armored launcher system can be retracted during transport and can fire six Spandrel anti-tank missile rounds.
		Missiles are launched from within the protection of the vehicle or remotely by cable (limited to 80m from weapon system).
	www.militaryfactory.com /armor/popup.asp?armor_id=15 (137 words)

	Fire Barrier timber spandrels and spandrel panels
		With pre-fixed plasterboard, or other suitable materials, providing the necessary fire proofing, they are easily positioned to complete the job.
		Our spandrel panels can be designed and engineered to fit any angle, or shape of roof and can be either load bearing or non-load bearing, as required.
		By using Benfield ATT spandrels, contractors and house-builders eliminate the difficult and costly skilled labour required to cut and rake brickwork and block-work in difficult to access roof space party wall areas between trussed or cut roof rafters.
	www.benfieldatt.co.uk /components/roofs/fire_barrier_spandrel_panels (275 words)

	Get creative with Spandrel glass!
		Spandrel glass is created by applying ceramic frit enamel to the glass with a Union Tool roller coater.
		Our equipment is capable of handling custom silk-screening of up to 60" x 120" in size.
		Spandrel glass products are available in ten standard colors.
	www.nwiglass.com /spandrel.html (153 words)

	Closed spandrel arch designed Barstow Bridge (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Supports called abutments absorb the pressure and stop the ends of the bridge from spreading apart.
		Most arch bridges have vertical supports called spandrels that distribute the weight on the deck to the arch below.
		The first arch bridges were built of stone but now are constructed of concrete or steel for greater strength and durability.
	www.cvmuseum.com /Museum2/M-arch2.htm (200 words)

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