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Topic: Spanish Chiefs of Government

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April 17

Prime Minister of Spain

Gettysburg, Pennsylvania

	Spanish Empire - Printer-friendly - MSN Encarta
		In Spain the government established a House of Trade to supervise colonial affairs and to oversee, license, and tax all trade and commerce.
		Although there were many slaves in the Spanish colonies, many were also freed, and at one point in the 18th century there were more free fls than slaves in Spanish America.
		Creoles, people of Spanish descent who were born in the Americas, developed a cultural identity shaped by both their Spanish roots and their American home.
	encarta.msn.com /text_761595536___3/Spanish_Empire.html (3264 words)

	Spanish explorers
		The Spanish and Vancouver compared and shared the results of their journey around the island that Vancouver soon proposed should be called Quadra's and Vancouver's Island (Isla de Quadra y Vancouver) denoting the co=operative effort of the last three months.
		A map produced by Bodega in 1792 depicts the shorelines mapped by the Spanish and the British and virtually all of the new outline north and east of Vancouver Island is attributed to the British.
		The Spanish authorities, having embargoed the results of Malaspina's four year voyage, looked for something to offset the acclaim that the British and the French were receiving for the published accounts of Vancouver's and Laperouse's voyages respectively.
	pages.quicksilver.net.nz /jcr/~vspanish1.html (20521 words)

	Handbook of Texas Online:
		Other local administrators-police chiefs and fine collectors, for instance-sometimes held positions in the council, though often these additional members were not allowed to vote.
		The writers of the constitution relied on municipal governments to appoint deputies to the congress, and municipalities throughout New Spain restructured their councils as a result.
		Spanish law had allowed any settlement of more than ten married men the right to a local council, and this right continued under Mexico.
	www.tsha.utexas.edu /handbook/online/articles/view/AA/nfa3.html (668 words)

	Voters Oust Spanish Government - CBS News
		Many voters said Thursday's bombings were a decisive factor, along with the government's much-criticized handling of the initial investigation.
		Critics accused the government, which had trumpeted its crackdown on ETA, of manipulating the investigation for political gain.
		Mari Carmen Pinadero Martinez, 58, a housewife, said she “voted to help the government end terrorism” as she cast her ballot near the downtown Atocha railway station where trains were bombed.
	www.cbsnews.com /stories/2004/03/15/world/main606205.shtml (1245 words)

	Khaleej Times Online - Spanish spy chiefs angered at release of secret documents: reports
		Stung by criticism it had misled the public that the Basque separatist group ETA was the leading suspect in the train blasts that killed 202 people, the outgoing government released Thursday classified documents to prove “to all impartial and objective observers the accuracy of the information” it gave.
		Spanish voters handed the conservative Popular Party a surprise defeat in last Sunday’s general election, partially due to the widespread perception the government had misled them on ETA being the main suspect behind the bombings.
		CNI officials are also angered and baffled by the release of their analysis of the claim that an Al Qaeda cell was responsible for the bombings, as it does not reinforce the government’s claims that ETA was responsible and reveals the agency’s analysis capabilities.
	www.khaleejtimes.com /DisplayArticle.asp?xfile=data/theworld/2004/March/theworld_March450.xml§ion=theworld (434 words)

	Floripedia: Florida Becomes a Territory
		The Spanish flag was withdrawn under a salute from the fort, and the Spanish guard marched out.
		Although the chiefs were not satisfied, they agreed to "carry the talk," to their people, and gather them together for a council.
		It was plain, even now, that American government was to be very different from any they had known, and they remembered with longing the time when Spanish governors at Pensacola and St. Augustine bad left them to live as they would.
	fcit.usf.edu /florida/docs/f/florterr.htm (1363 words)

	afrol News: Conference over Spanish war crimes in Morocco banned
		The Moroccan government again has banned an international conference that was to discuss the alleged Spanish use of mustard-gas over the Rif Mountains, which is said to still produce victims.
		Its aim is to pressure the Moroccan, Spanish and French governments into a concession of what is generally believed to be a historic truth in the Rif Mountains.
		However, the Spanish and French also had to use mustard-gas in aerial attacks over the Rif to be able to win the war, according to oral traditions in the area.
	www.afrol.com /News2002/mor001_spain_gas.htm (875 words)

	Spain's leader stays firm on Iraq pullout - World News - MSNBC.com
		Spanish troops did not fight in the invasion but were sent in afterward.
		The Spanish government, meanwhile, said a judge has imposed a secrecy order on the police investigation into the attacks, apparently to avoid compromising the hunt for suspects.
		Spanish law enforcement agencies had been aware of his alleged links to al-Qaida since at least 2001, when they searched his apartment.
	www.msnbc.msn.com /id/4522638 (1092 words)

	Planet Ark : British supermarket chiefs warn over GM crops
		Chiefs of the country's largest food stores - Tesco TSCO.L, Sainsbury SBRY.L 's, Safeway SFW.L and Asda WMT.N - were invited to express their opinions as part of the government-sponsored national debate on whether the gene-spliced crops are commercially viable.
		The government has said that once it has weighed up the advice of consumers, environmentalists and scientists, it will decide later this year, probably in September, whether to allow the crops to be grown on a commercial scale.
		The government is awaiting results from a series of farm-scale field trials of mostly GM rapeseed before it makes up its mind.
	www.planetark.org /dailynewsstory.cfm/newsid/21534/story.htm (610 words)

	Bourgmont's Expedition - KS-Cyclopedia - 1912
		Most historians have adopted the theory that news of a Spanish expedition of some sort reached New Orleans, and the French government of Louisiana determined to establish a fort at some suitable point on the Missouri river, as a means of holding the allegiance of the Indians and guarding against Spanish invasion or interference.
		Gaillard was instructed to bring the Padouca chiefs to meet Bourgmont, and in case they declined to come to wait at their villages until his arrival.
		The theory that the Bourgmont expedition was the sequel of some Spanish expedition massacred by the Indians is hardly tenable, when it is carefully considered in the light of known facts.
	skyways.lib.ks.us /genweb/archives/1912/b/bourgmonts_expedition.html (1185 words)

	BBC NEWS \| World \| Europe \| US 'appeasement' warning to Spain
		The attacks contributed to the surprise election victory of the socialists, who have promised to withdraw Spanish troops serving in Iraq.
		He did not criticise the new Spanish government, saying every country had to make its own decision about how it supports the war on terror.
		Spanish police believe last Thursday's attacks on packed trains in Madrid were carried out by Moroccan militants linked to al-Qaeda.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/europe/3522032.stm (421 words)

	CNN.com - Chiefs in western Fiji consider breakaway government - June 8, 2000
		SUVA, Fiji -- Influential chiefs in Fiji's western economic heartland who oppose coup leader George Speight were expected to decide Thursday whether to create a breakaway government.
		About 70 traditional chiefs from five western provinces met in Nadi, Fiji's economic center on western Viti Levu, on Wednesday to discuss a possible breakaway from the capital Suva, which is on the southeastern part of the large island.
		Western Viti Levu is home of the country's sugar cane fields and tourist resorts, but chiefs in the region's five provinces have long believed they do not have enough political influence in Suva compared to the eastern provinces.
	archives.cnn.com /2000/ASIANOW/australasia/06/08/fiji.unrest.02 (862 words)

	Informed Comment: 02/01/2004 - 02/29/2004
		Muqtada added, "I call upon the governing council to announce a rebellion against the decision, and I demand of Bremer personally to retreat from his statement against Islam." He said he would continue on this path even if he were killed or imprisoned.
		The memos claim that the organization was behind the 29 November attack on Spanish intelligence agents in the village of Latifiyah, which killed 7 and wounded 1 [the memo says 'wounded 8'].
		In an interview with ash-Sharq al-Awsat, Kurdish Interim Governing Council (IGC) member Mahmoud Uthman (Osman) said that a national congress should be held to elect a transitional parliament, He said that sovereignty should not be handed to the existing IGC because it is weak and lacks unity.
	www.juancole.com /2004_02_01_juancole_archive.html (12143 words)

	CNN.com - Fiji's tribal chiefs back establishment of interim government - May 25, 2000
		The chiefs ended three days of meetings and sent a delegation to parliament for talks with gunmen who have been holding the country's democratically elected government for nearly a week.
		Local media are reporting the interim government would rule for three years, during which time it would review the Fiji Constitution with the goal of strengthening the position of ethnic Fijians in society.
		"The chiefs would prefer that some of his group are called up as advisers, but we would have to weigh that up with the international image we would project if that were to be the case," he added.
	archives.cnn.com /2000/ASIANOW/australasia/05/25/fiji.unrest/index.html (681 words)

	The Seminole Wars
		The government claimed that they were fighting to capture runaway slaves, but the true goal was to push the Spanish out of Florida and open the territory for American settlers.
		The Spanish had tried to convert the tribes to Catholicism, and in many parts the Spanish and natives had intermarried.
		The chiefs agreed to move to a reservation in central Florida.
	members.tripod.com /~shamm/wars.htm (554 words)

	"An Army of One?" by Gen. Wesley Clark
		But the early successes seem to have reinforced the conviction of some within the U.S. government that the continuing war against terrorism is best waged outside the structures of international institutions--that American leadership must be "unfettered." This is a fundamental misjudgment.
		For all of us involved--the president, secretaries of state and defense, the chairman of the Joint Chiefs, and me--it was a time-consuming and sometimes frustrating process.
		There was no escaping the fact that this was every government's war, that they were intrinsically part of the operation, and each was, ultimately, liable to be held accountable by its voters for the outcome.
	www.washingtonmonthly.com /features/2001/0209.clark.html (3138 words)

	Floripedia: Spanish Occupation, Second
		The principal chief of the Creeks was Alexander McGillivray, the son of a Creek woman and a Scotch trader.
		In 1784, he made a treaty for the Creeks and Seminoles with the Spanish government, promising to prevent all white men going into their country except with the consent of Spain.
		During the second Spanish occupation he was sent by the English to establish a trading post among the Creeks.
	fcit.coedu.usf.edu /Florida/docs/s/spanocc.htm (1222 words)

	Government-Federal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The Catalog of U.S. Government Publications (CGP) is the finding tool for electronic and print publications from the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of the U.S. government.
		Ideal for researchers and students of public affairs and public policy, social work, government, political science, journalism, and communications, the CQ Public Affairs Collection is also an essential one-stop reference tool for lobbyists, government and nonprofit policy organizations, and informed citizens everywhere.
		NTIS is the federal government's central source for the sale of scientific, technical, engineering, and related business information produced by or for the U.S. government and complementary material from international sources.
	www.mpl.org /files/great/bookmark.cfm?Category=46 (2710 words)

	The Rise and Fall of Jim Crow . Jim Crow Stories . Segregation in the U. S. Government \| PBS
		In Georgia, the head of the Internal Revenue division fired all fl employees: "There are no government positions for Negroes in the South.
		The President's wife, Ellen Wilson, was said to have had a hand in segregating employees in Washington, encouraging department chiefs to assign fls separate working, eating, and toilet facilities.
		To justify segregation, officials publicized complaints by white women, who were thought to be threatened by fl men's sexuality and disease.
	www.pbs.org /wnet/jimcrow/stories_events_segregation.html (369 words)

	GeorgiaInfo - Carl Vinson Institute of Government
		Justice Douglas, speaking for the majority, noted that "we deal with a system of law and of justice that leaves to the uncontrolled discretion of judges or juries the determination whether defendants committing these crimes should die or be imprisoned.
		"The Spanish emissaries are very busy in stirring up discontents amongst the people, hence their principal point is Negroes, since as many slaves as there are so many enemies to the government and consequently friends to the Spaniards.
		Another great point is to discourage the planters, since they think, if planting don't go forward, England will grow tired of supporting the colony and then of course the Spaniards will gain their ends.
	www.cviog.uga.edu /Projects/gainfo/tdgh-jun/jun29.htm (914 words)

	U.S. Official Says Spanish Government ’Mishandled’ Reports on Bombing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		He suggested that the Spanish government had clung to the supposition that a Basque separatist group, ETA, was responsible and failed to tell the public about emerging evidence that Islamic extremists might have detonated the bombs that killed about 200 and injured hundreds of others Thursday.
		Other officials said that Spanish officials, caught up in the inquiry, were slow to provide a full account of what they were learning in the investigation.
		In the hours after the attacks, senior Spanish officials tried to persuade journalists and the United Nations Security Council that ETA was to blame.
	www.nytimes.com /2004/03/18/politics/18DIPL.html?ex=1394946000&en=e38f6a9f7bebee46&ei=5007&partner=USERLAND (876 words)

	DefenseLINK News: Cooperation Needed in Terror Fight, Myers Says (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Myers said Spanish officials must perform more investigations before they can determine who launched the attack.
		Spanish officials said initially that the ETA — a Basque separatist group — launched the attacks at the Atocha train station.
		The Argentine government may decide to send forces to the nation.
	www.defenselink.mil /news/Mar2004/n03132004_200403131.html (569 words)

	International Government & Relations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The Council takes no institutional position on policy issues and has no affiliation with the U.S. government and is dedicated to increasing America's understanding of the world and contributing ideas to U.S. foreign policy.
		This award winning project of Georgetown University's Resource Unit on Democratic Governability at the Center for Latin American Studies, the Unit for the Promotion of Democracy of the Organization of American States (OAS), and the Canadian Foundation for the Americas (FOCAL) tends to emphasize Latin American politics, but all of the Americas are covered.
		Get general information, elections, government branches, political parties, international affairs, and miscellaneous political data on each country, in your choice of English, French, Spanish or Portuguese.
	library.com.edu /internet/intsub/gov_in.htm (1205 words)

	WWW Virtual Library: International Affairs Resources--U.S. Government Information Sources
		FedWorld-- Huge central information network of the U.S. federal government, with searchable access to agencies and departments, documents, databases, etc.-- a comprehensive site for searching for, locating, ordering, and acquiring government and business information.
		GPO Access-- From the U.S. Government Printing Office, identifies public information resources within the three branches of the federal government (including electronic information resources), describes the information available in these resources, and assists in obtaining the information.
		Agency for International Development-- USAID is the government agency that provides economic development and humanitarian assistance to advance U.S. economic and political interests overseas.
	www.etown.edu /vl/usgovt.html (2014 words)

	Government, Politics & Elections (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		A service of the U.S. Government Printing Office that provides free online use of over 1,000 databases of Federal information in over 70 applications.
		Chief of State and Cabinet - Members of Foreign Government
		Up-to-date list of chiefs of state and cabinet members of foreign governments.
	home.comcast.net /~quiztar/government.html (378 words)

	SECOND SPANISH PERIOD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The Spanish Florida-United States border problem was further complicated by the presence of colorful opportunists who profited from the region's lack of political control.
		When the Spanish regained Florida in 1783, Bowles was told to leave, but instead elected to wage a personal war against the Penton and Leslie Company and its monopoly of the fur trade in West Florida.
		The Spanish tried to convince the daring Englishman to join the Spanish navy, but when Bowles refused them, he was sent to a prison in the distant Spanish Philippines.
	www.floridahistory.org /floridians/secspan.htm (2108 words)

	Britain: Open divisions emerge between army chiefs and Blair government
		According to the Times, the chiefs of staff had the support of Admiral Sir Michael Boyce, chief of the defence staff and overall head of the armed forces.
		Former defence chief of staff Lord Guthrie suggested that Britain might be taking on too much by deploying large numbers of troops into the troubled country.
		Senior government sources said that Germany might not take part in the ISAF unless it was satisfied with the command arrangements.
	www.wsws.org /articles/2001/dec2001/brit-d22.shtml (1344 words)

	British army chiefs wary of sending more troops to Iraq: report (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		British military chiefs are strongly resisting any moves to send more of the country's troops to Iraq, or to take over areas now patrolled by Spain's departing contingent, a report said Thursday.
		There has been speculation that Britain will send reinforcements to fill the gaps left by Spanish forces, although Prime Minister Tony Blair said on Tuesday that there were "sufficient troops to do the job" at the moment.
		An anonymous "government source" was quoted by the Guardian as saying that the military was nonetheless wary.
	www.spacewar.com /2004/040428231237.m5egee39.html (204 words)

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