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	The Spanish Influenza Epidemic of 1918 was caused by vaccinations---E. McBean (Swine Flu Expose)
		The Spanish Influenza Epidemic of 1918 was caused by vaccinations---E. McBean (Swine Flu Expose)
		THE SPANISH INFLUENZA EPIDEMIC OF 1918 WAS CAUSED BY VACCINATIONS
		I WAS AN ON-THE-SPOT OBSERVER OF THE 1918 INFLUENZA EPIDEMIC
	www.whale.to /vaccine/sf1.html (2268 words)

	Encyclopedia: Spanish influenza (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Spanish Flu Pandemic, also known as the Great Influenza Pandemic, the 1918 Flu Epidemic, and La Grippe, was an unusually severe and deadly strain of influenza, a viral infectious disease, that killed some 25 million to 40 million people (possibly significantly more) world-wide in 1918 and 1919.
		Global morbidity from the influenza was estimated at 2.5% of the population, with some 20% of the world population suffering from the disease to some extent.
		The influenza virus was not understood by medical science at the time, and most contemporary effort was spent in an unsuccessful quest to find a bacteria-borne cause of the disease.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Spanish-influenza (949 words)

	Spanish flu -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The strain was unusual in commonly killing many young and healthy victims, as opposed to more common influenzas which caused the bulk of their mortality among newborns and the old and infirm.
		Global (The ratio of deaths in an area to the population of that area; expressed per 1000 per year) mortality rate from the influenza was estimated at 2.5% - 5% of the population, with some 20% of the world population suffering from the disease to some extent.
		It has been suggested that the stresses of combat, possibly combined with the effects of (Warfare using chemical agents to kill or injure or incapacitate the enemy) chemical warfare, may have weakened soldiers' immune systems thereby increasing their vulnerability to the disease and accelerating its spread.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/s/sp/spanish_flu.htm (1168 words)

	The Spanish Influenza
		It was commonly called the Spanish Influenza and Buffalo County was not to escape its reach.
		Reacting to the spread of the Spanish influenza in Buffalo County, people began to turn to familiar home cures, to make and wear protective gauze face masks, to shun those ill and to opt for strange remedies such as eating fried onions, wearing medicated bags, and sprinkling the streets with formaldehyde.
		Spanish influenza was the more frightful because it usually progressed from symptoms to pneumonia *Pneumonia following flu was the most common cause of death.
	freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com /~familyhistorypages/The_Spanish_Influenza.htm (2444 words)

	Spanish flu - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Spanish Flu Pandemic, also known as La Grippe, was an unusually severe and deadly strain of avian influenza, a viral infectious disease, that killed some 25 million to 50 million people worldwide in 1918 and 1919.
		The strain that was jumping from swine to poultry or vice-versa jumped to humans (the genetic "shift") allowing the influenza that was confined to swine and poultry to become a human pathogen.
		Global mortality rate from the influenza was estimated at 2.5%–5% of the population, with some 20% of the world population suffering from the disease to some extent.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Spanish_Flu (2416 words)

	Influenza
		Influenza is a major cause of sickness and death around the world and is one of the most important infectious diseases confronting the world today.
		Influenza viruses are unique in their ability to cause both recurrent annual epidemics and more serious pandemics that spread rapidly and may affect all or most age groups.
		Influenza is caused by an orthomyxovirus, measuring 80 to 120 nanometers in diameter.
	www.medicalecology.org /diseases/influenza/influenza.htm (8995 words)

	Spanish Influenza of 1918 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		the first case of influenza would occur, and then within the next few hours or days a large proportion- and occasionally every single individual of that community- would be stricken down with the same type of febrile illness, the rate of spread from one to another being remarkable...
		Any evidence of an influenza epidemic in the spring of 1918 was furnished by those institutions that kept a close eye on those under their watch: the military and prisons.
		The influenza of 1918 showed no bias in its approach to the combatants in World War I: men from all sides were sickened and killed.
	history-world.org /spanish_influenza_of_1918.htm (3999 words)

	Spanish Influenza
		the first case of influenza would occur, and then within the next few hours or days a large proportion- and occasionally every single individual of that community- would be stricken down with the same type of febrile illness, the rate of spread from one to another being remarkable...
		Influenza is spread through coughs, from one mouth to another, so masks would have been helpful in preventing infection of health care workers.
		Because the influenza outbreak was highly contagious and easily spread by coughs, it was a good idea to keep the population of the town from congregating in large groups to prevent the spread of the outbreak around the town.
	www.haverford.edu /biology/edwards/disease/viral_essays/cummingsvirus.htm (1598 words)

	The 1918 Spanish Flu Pandemic, and the Emerging Bird Flu Pandemic
		By the fall of 1918 a strain of influenza seemingly no different from that of previous years suddenly turned so deadly, and engendered such a state of panic and chaos in communities across the globe, that many people believed the world was coming to an end.
		The next influenza strain that ravages the human population will probably not be the one we were planning to encounter.
		An expedition to the frozen graveyard in Longyearbyen, a tiny mining town on one of the Norwegian islands north of the Artic Circle, was undertaken during the summer of 1998.
	www.ninthday.com /spanish_flu.htm (1654 words)

	Spanish Influenza, Sars, Black Death (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In the end, SARS was nothing but a hiccup compared to the Spanish Influenza breakout of the late 1910s.
		Influenza originated in China, from where it was exported to France during the First World War.
		As a result, the Spanish media were the first to report the disease, and that’s probably how it became known as the Spanish Influenza.
	www.canadafreepress.com /2003/spyros070703.htm (506 words)

	influenza
		Influenza is difficult to diagnose in the absence of an
		Stomach and intestinal symptoms, such as nausea and vomiting, are not commonly due to influenza infection, and the term stomach flu is a misnomer.
		The antiviral drugs amantadine and rimantadine are effective against type A influenza, and zanamivir and oseltamivir against types A and B. Given within two days of the first appearance of symptoms, they may reduce the symptoms; they may also be given to prevent influenza infection in persons exposed to the disease.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/sci/A0825194.html (725 words)

	Spanish Influenza and beyond: the case of Norway
		The aim of the project is to analyse both the immediate and the long-term demographic impact of Spanish Influenza in Norway, which struck the country during the years 1918-1920.
		Spanish Influenza swept the entire globe in the years 1918-1920, leaving a billion people sick, more than half of the worid's population at that time.
		I did not, however, analyse the effect of Spanish Influenza on post-crisis mortality, or the effect of the flu on any other demographic variable than mortality.
	draug.rhd.isv.uit.no /info/..\art\mamelund.html (745 words)

	Alberta Health & Wellness - Pandemic Influenza history
		The Spanish Influenza pandemic is the catastrophe against which all modern pandemics are measured.
		It was named the Spanish Influenza because Spain was the first country to report a serious outbreak of the disease, with nearly 8 million killed by May 1918.
		One of the most unusual aspects of the Spanish influenza was its ability to kill young adults.
	www.health.gov.ab.ca /influenza/PandemicHistory.html (656 words)

	Influenzia in the First World War
		The first cases of the influenza epidemic in Britain appeared in Glasgow in May, 1918.
		In India alone, more people died of influenza than were killed all over the world during the entire First World War.
		The strain of influenza virus that caused the 1918 global epidemic ("pandemic") was exceptionally aggressive.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /FWWinfluenzia.htm (1325 words)

	Characterization of the 1918 "Spanish" Influenza Virus Matrix Gene Segment -- Reid et al. 76 (21): 10717 -- The Journal ...
		Sequence of the 1918 pandemic influenza virus nonstructural gene (NS) segment and characterization of recombinant viruses bearing the 1918 NS genes.
		Influenza virus M2 protein is an integral membrane protein expressed on the infected-cell surface.
		The geography and mortality of the 1918 influenza pandemic.
	jvi.asm.org /cgi/content/full/76/21/10717 (3901 words)

	1918 flu pandemic originated in pigs, study finds (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Using lung tissue taken at autopsy 79 years ago from an Army private killed by the flu, scientists at the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology made a genetic analysis of the virus and concluded it is unique, though closely related to the ''swine'' flu.
		Although the disease that caused the worldwide epidemic was called ''Spanish flu,'' the virus apparently is a mutation that evolved in American pigs and was spread around the globe by U.S. troops mobilized for World War I, said Taubenberger.
		The Army private whose tissue was analyzed contracted the flu at Fort Jackson, S.C. For that reason, Taubenberger and his colleagues suggest in the journal Science that the virus be known as Influenza A/South Carolina.
	www.lubbockonline.com /news/032197/1918flu.htm (389 words)

	INFLUENZA
		Influenza is a disease caused by a member of the Orthomyxoviridae.
		Influenza is characterised by fever, myalgia, headache and pharyngitis.
		The impact of influenza A is particularly severe during periodic pandemics owing to novel antigenic variants which override immunity from experience of earlier subtypes.
	web.uct.ac.za /depts/mmi/jmoodie/influen2.html (2031 words)

	EPIDEMIOLOGY: ON THE 1918 SPANISH INFLUENZA VIRUS GENOME
		Genes encoding the 1918 influenza virus were reconstructed from deoxyoligonucleotides and corresponded to the reported coding sequences of the 1918 virus as previously described[5].
		In stark contrast to contemporary human influenza H1N1 viruses, the 1918 pandemic virus had the ability to replicate in the absence of trypsin, caused death in mice and embryonated chicken eggs, and displayed a high-growth phenotype in human bronchial epithelial cells.
		Usually, the most serious consequences of influenza infection are reserved for the elderly, but in the case of the Spanish flu those worst affected were in the 15 to 45 age group.
	scienceweek.com /2005/sw051104-6.htm (1751 words)

	The Spanish Influenza 1918
		The Plague of the Spanish Lady : The Influenza Panademic of 1918-1919
		Characterization of the 1918 “Spanish” influenza virus neuraminidase gene
		The Spanish Influenza Epidemic of 1918 was caused by Vaccinations
	www.vortex.is /sigrun/aIndex.html (322 words)

	Influenza Pandemic of 1918-1919 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		We had read of the spread of so-called Spanish influenza in the newspapers, but our first contact with it in Rouen was the arrival, in April, 1918, of a hospital train full of "sitting" patients, the majority convalescing from malaria and sandfly fever, from Italy.
		At times this was referred to as "of the trench fever or influenza type." Purulent bronchitis was very prevalent and fatal in the spring of 1916 and 1917.
		Post-mortem examinations of patients dying in the early stages of the disease gave a picture of haemorrhagic oedema of the lungs, with abundance of haemorrhages in the mucous and serous membranes of the respiratory tract and in other organs.
	www.ku.edu /carrie/specoll/medical/mja.htm (2786 words)

	The 1918 Influenza Pandemic
		Known as "Spanish Flu" or "La Grippe" the influenza of 1918-1919 was a global disaster.
		This pattern of morbidity was unusual for influenza which is usually a killer of the elderly and young children.
		The influenza virus had a profound virulence, with a mortality rate at 2.5% compared to the previous influenza epidemics, which were less than 0.1%.
	www.stanford.edu /group/virus/uda (1856 words)

	GeorgiaInfo - Carl Vinson Institute of Government
		Chronology of the 1918 Spanish Influenza Epidemic in Georgia
		There, he was diagnosed as having a strain of flu that was called Spanish Influenza (since it was erroneously believed the strain had originated in Spain).
		It had originally been instituted for two months, but the Spanish influenza epidemic was not hitting Atlanta as severely as the rest of the country.
	www.cviog.uga.edu /Projects/gainfo/1918flu.htm (1278 words)

	First World War.com - Encyclopedia - The Influenza Pandemic
		In the summer of 1918 a severe form of influenza - 'Spanish Flu' or 'La Grippe' - broke out which eventually claimed up to 70 million lives around the world until it finally, unexpectedly, disappeared in 1919.
		The name Spanish Flu was derived from the early high mortality numbers in Spain.
		So quickly did the strain overwhelm the body's natural defences that the usual cause of death in influenza patients - a secondary infection of lethal pneumonia - was often not present.
	www.firstworldwar.com /atoz/influenza.htm (490 words)

	EPIDEMIOLOGY: ON THE 1918 SPANISH INFLUENZA VIRUS GENOME
		Genes encoding the 1918 influenza virus were reconstructed from deoxyoligonucleotides and corresponded to the reported coding sequences of the 1918 virus as previously described[5].
		In stark contrast to contemporary human influenza H1N1 viruses, the 1918 pandemic virus had the ability to replicate in the absence of trypsin, caused death in mice and embryonated chicken eggs, and displayed a high-growth phenotype in human bronchial epithelial cells.
		Usually, the most serious consequences of influenza infection are reserved for the elderly, but in the case of the Spanish flu those worst affected were in the 15 to 45 age group.
	www.scienceweek.com /2005/sw051104-6.htm (1751 words)

	Influenza Epidemic of 1918
		At the end of the month, the Spanish influenza virus mutated, and "epidemics of unprecedented virulence" exploded in the same week in three port cities thousands of miles apart: Freetown, Sierra Leone, Brest, Belgium, and Boston, Massachusetts.
		When the second wave of influenza broke out in Boston, it spread with remarkable speed, but both the city and the state of Massachusetts fooled themselves as to the epidemic's seriousness.
		The armed forces played a crucial role in exacerbating the influenza epidemic; the navy carried the flu from coast to coast on troopships, and the army did the same on its railways.
	www.haverford.edu /biology/edwards/disease/viral_essays/redicanvirus.htm (2615 words)

	1918 Spanish avian Flu pandemic H5N1
		A resuscitation of the Spanish flu is neither necessary nor warranted from a public health point of view.
		The authors continued: "the possibility for genetic engineering and aerosol transmission [of influenza] suggests an enormous potential for bioterrorism" The possible hostile abuse of influenza virus is seen as a very real threat by public health officials in the USA.
		Attempts to recover the Spanish flu virus date to the 1950s, when scientists unsuccessfully tried to revive the virus from victims buried in the permafrost of Alaska.[2] In the mid 1990s, Dr Jeffrey Taubenberger from the US Armed Forces Institute of Pathology started to screen preserved tissue samples from 1918 influenza victims.
	www.bariumblues.com /recreating_the_spanish_flu.htm (1753 words)

	The Spanish Influenza (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Spanish influenza was a devastating pandemic that occurred in 1918.
		The Spanish influenza was not named the Spanish influenza because it originated in Spain but because it more than 8,000,000 Spaniards contracted the disease.
		The Spanish influenza was remarkable for the death and destruction it caused but it also taught scientists and doctors that strong diseases and fatal diseases could strike without warning, teaching them to prepare and to search for warnings.
	www.expage.com /page/hm32 (770 words)

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