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Topic: Spanish Revolution

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	Revolution - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Political revolutions are often characterised by violence, and vast changes in power structures that can often result in further, institutionalised, violence, as in the Russian and French revolutions (with the "Purges" and "the Terror", respectively).
		A political revolution is the forcible replacement of one set of rulers with another (as happened in France and Russia), while a social revolution is the fundamental change in the social structure of a society, such as the Protestant Reformation or the Renaissance.
		Social and political revolutions are often "institutionalized" when the ideas, slogans, and personalities of the revolution continue to play a prominent role in a country's political culture, long after the revolution's end.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Revolution (1151 words)

	Encyclopedia topic: Spanish Revolution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In Spanish history (additional info and facts about Spanish history), there have been several revolution (The overthrow of a government by those who are governed) s.
		The Spanish Revolution of 1936 began during the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War (Civil war in Spain in which General Franco succeeded in overthrowing the republican government; during the war Spain became a battleground for fascists and socialists from all countries; 1936-1939).
		In addition to the economic revolution, there was a spirit of cultural (additional info and facts about cultural) revolution.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/s/sp/spanish_revolution.htm (718 words)

	The Spanish Revolution
		The Spanish revolution, however, had unleashed new forces that were changing the entire character and role of the army.
		Thus the Spanish revolution now shows itself to be a replica of the Russian Revolution, as the Revolution had moved to the Left, the Right Wing capitalist elements had conspired against it and were forced to fight the government of the Liberal-Radicals of Kerensky.
		The line of the Spanish Stalinists is not that of Lenin, namely to organize the separate forces of the proletariat to defeat reaction but not to support the government bosses, but rather the Stalinist line is to defend the government and merge the workers' troops with those of the government bosses.
	www.weisbord.org /Revolution.htm (8817 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Without any theory of ’permanent revolution,” the Spanish bourgeoisie understood from the outset that the revolutionary mass movement, no matter how it starts, is directed against private ownership of land and the means of production, and that it is utterly impossible to cope with this movement by democratic measures.
		Revolutions succeed, in the first place, with the help of a bold social program, which gives the masses the possibility of seizing weapons that are on the territory and disorganizing the army of the enemy.
		Adaptation to the conservative prejudices of the labor aristocracy is betrayal of the workers and the revolution.
	www.marxists.org /archive/trotsky/works/1938/1938-spain01.htm (6513 words)

	Spanish Revolution
		The Spanish Revolution of 1936-1939 came closer to realizing the ideal of the free stateless society on a vast scale than any other revolution in history, including the aborted Russian Revolution of 1917.(1) In fact, they were two very different kinds of revolution.
		The Spanish Revolution shattered yet another Marxist dogma, that of the "transition period." During the first stage in the transition to full communism, so the doctrine goes, means can be separated from ends.
		The Revolution instituted the "family wage," under which commodities were distributed and services rendered not according to the amount of labor performed, but according to the number and needs of the family members.
	www.efn.org /~danr/dolgoff1.html (2653 words)

	The Spanish Revolution of 1936 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Thus, in the midst of the Spanish Civil War, the Spanish Revolution was born.
		After the Revolution - by Diego Abad de Santiallan, theoretical text written by Spanish author in the leadup to the Civil War, discussing ways in which production, distribution and consumption could be organised according to anarcho-syndicalist principles.
		Workers Power and the Spanish Revolution - by Tom Wetzel, a reply to Trotskyist arguments against the behaviour of the Spanish anarchists during the Civil War.
	www.anarchosyndicalism.net /spain36 (451 words)

	SPANISH REVOLUTION OF 1936
		In a decade of cataclysmic worldwide depression and spreading fascism, the revolution in Spain signaled a message of renewed hope to the scattered forces of working-class emancipation throughout the globe, not least in the United States.
		The Spanish Communist Party, however, and many socialists, maintained that Spain was not historically ripe for an anticapitalist revolution and openly declared themselves for the bourgeois republic.
		At his instigation, the various U.S. Jewish, Russian, Spanish, and Italian anarchist federations and groups, as well as English-language groups such as the New York Vanguard group and several branches of the Industrial Workers of the World, formed the ad hoc United Libertarian Organizations to produce a paper of news and information titled Spanish Revolution.
	www.writing.upenn.edu /~afilreis/88/spain-overview.html (791 words)

	Orwell and the Spanish Revolution
		The development of the social revolution varied widely from area to area: at one extreme the Basque country, a Republican stronghold, was nevertheless virtually untouched by the revolution, whereas, at the other extreme in Catalonia and in particular in Barcelona, the working class were in virtually complete control.
		Whether this revolution should be continued or reversed was to be the great political debate within the Republican camp, a debate finally settled with police, torture chambers and execution squads.
		The POUM strategy was not to build their party as the revolutionary leadership of the Spanish working class, something they did not believe possible in the particular circumstances of Spanish working class politics, but to persuade, pressure and influence the Anarchists, the decisive force in Catalonia, into completing the revolution.
	pubs.socialistreviewindex.org.uk /isj62/newsinger.htm (8249 words)

	Ken Loach's Land and Freedom: The Spanish revolution betrayed (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The filmmakers' primary concerns are to establish that a revolutionary situation existed in Spain in 1936, to lay bare the role of Stalinism in betraying the Spanish workers and to convey the enormous consequences of that treachery.
		A voice-over explains that the Spanish revolution could have been won but for Stalinism and that such a victory would have changed the course of the twentieth century.
		Stalin is portrayed as the great enemy of Marxism and revolution that he was, sabotaging the Spanish workers struggle in the interests of an alliance with Britain, France and the US.
	wsws.org /arts/1998/aug1998/land-96.shtml (1507 words)

	SOMOS PRIMOS: Spanish Patriots in the American Revolution
		In the global conflict which the American Revolution became, with Britain conducting five wars at once, in as many different theatres of operation, it is clear that Britain lost the immediate war; but, as a prudent loser must, she took careful stock of her situation.
		When the Spanish officials in Madrid learned that Admiral Hughes’ fleet was headed into the Indian Ocean, they concluded his target might be Manila, in a repeat of the British capture of Manila during the Seven Years War, some thirty years earlier.
		Immediately, packet boats were dispatched with messages to be taken to the Spanish Pacific ports and forts and from Acapulco on to Manila with a warning of possible attack by a British fleet in the Pacific.
	www.somosprimos.com /hough/hough.htm (16448 words)

	The Spanish Revolution Betrayed
		It was meant as a pre-emptive strike to prevent the danger of a resurgence of a Leninist opposition in Russia, inspired by the movement of the Spanish workers.
		The Spanish Stalinists, who had at first opposed the idea of the socialists taking over the government, preferring to support the Republicans from outside, put pressure on Largo Caballero to abandon the socialist policies which he had earlier defended, at least in words.
		It is the duty of all conscious workers to study the lessons of the Spanish revolution in order to equip themselves to carry through the struggle to a victorious conclusion.
	www.marxist.com /History/spanish_revolution_AW_86.html (3180 words)

	Durgan: Spanish Trotskyists and the POUM (Part 8) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The task of the Spanish supporters of the Fourth International was, on the one hand, to enter the PSOE and the Socialist Youth and, on the other, to “grasp in full the wretchedness of the leadership of the POUM...
		Trotsky also turned his attention to Maurín’s concept of the “Socialist-democratic revolution”, [122] the theoretical basis of the POUM’s analysis of the Spanish Revolution.
		Trotsky argued that the “democratic and Socialist revolutions” were, as the October Revolution in 1917 had shown, “on opposite sides of the barricades”.
	www.marxists.org.uk /history/etol/document/poum/pt8.htm (1308 words)

	The Spanish Revolution at the Crossroads
		The government was forced to confiscate the property of the counter-revolutionists, deport their leaders, promise a greater reform in the army and for the peasantry, and actually granted a very liberal autonomy to Catalonia.
		The Russian Revolution of 1917 and the French Revolution of 1848 are the models.
		But we see the same phases in the Spanish as in the Russian Revolution; the King is overthrown, the Miliukov-Gotchkov regime is ended and the "Bulygin Duma" period of 1905 is quickly passed through (Berenguer period).
	www.weisbord.org /Crossroads.htm (3632 words)

	Abe Lincoln Brigade
		During the Spanish Civil War (1936-39), 2,800 American volunteers took up arms to defend the Spanish Republic against a military rebellion led by General Franco and aided by Hitler and Mussolini.
		With Japan's invasion of Manchuria in 1931, Hitler's ascendance in 1933, and Italy's assault on Ethiopia in 1934--all accomplished without hindrance from the governments of the West--the CP responded with the coalition-building strategy of the Popular Front, attracting thousands of aroused citizens directly into its ranks or into "front" organiza- tions.
		When four right-wing Spanish generals, with German and Italian support, attacked the legally elected government on July 19, 1936, a desire to confront fascism in Spain swept through the progressive communities in Europe and the Americas.
	www.writing.upenn.edu /~afilreis/88/abe-brigade.html (1104 words)

	The Spanish Revolution & Civil War 1936-1939 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Spanish Revolution was the most important social revolution of the 20th Century.
		But to those on the Left it is an important social revolution that saw workers organize self managed factories, and indeed whole cities, and pesants mobilize the 'voluntary' collectivization of villages and farms.
		This site is dedicated to the thousands of workers who made the Revolution and the thousands of workers world wide who came to the aid of the Spanish Revolution.
	www.geocities.com /CapitolHill/9820 (650 words)

	AllRefer.com - Captains' Revolution (Spanish And Portuguese History) - Encyclopedia
		AllRefer.com - Captains' Revolution (Spanish And Portuguese History) - Encyclopedia
		Captains' Revolution, coup staged (Apr. 25, 1974) by military officers who opposed Portugal's policy toward its African territories.
		By early 1974 dissatisfaction with the debilitating, seemingly endless war in Africa, and with compulsory four-year military service, together with political suppression and a deteriorating economy, resulted in growing unrest and increased urban guerrilla activity within Portugal.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/C/Captains.html (266 words)

	Mujeres Libres - Women anarchists in the Spanish Revolution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Mujeres Libres (Free Women) were a group of women anarchists who organised and fought both for women's liberation and an anarchist revolution during the Spanish Civil War.
		However the revolution was more than defeating fascism, it was about building a new society which cared for the needs of all.
		They showed that revolution, far from being a dry academic endeavour is like life; never simple and straightforward, but dynamic.
	struggle.ws /ws98/ws54_mujeres_libres.html (1184 words)

	Walter Held: Stalinism and the POUM in the Spanish Revolution - RH (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Praesidium of the EC of the CI approves the political line of the Spanish CP, which is mobilising its followers and the popular masses for the struggle against the Fascists who want to destroy the Parliamentary regime and install a Fascist dictatorship.
		The Spanish revolution of 1930-31 was, like the German revolution of 1918, a case where the proletariat lost the fruits of victory because of the absence of revolutionary leadership.
		That is why we are forced when talking about the politics of the POUM to consider the situation in Catalonia, and it turns out to be very relevant, since the position of the Caballero-Del Vayo [7] government essentially corresponds with that of the Comintern which we have criticised in the first part of this article.
	www.marxists.org /history/etol/document/spain/spain02.htm (7263 words)

	Anarchism in the Spanish Revolution of 1936 - Spanish Civil War (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The role of anarchism in the Spanish Revolution or Spanish Civil War of 1936 is too often absent from histories of this struggle against fascism.
		A summary of the achivements of the Spanish revolution
		Within hours of the start of the Spanish revolution workers had seized control of 3000 enterprises.
	struggle.ws /spaindx.html (1379 words)

	EUH46642004
		This course traces the historical development of European revolutions beginning with the great French Revolution of 1789 and ending with the Spanish Revolution of 1936.
		It is well known that the impact of the French Revolution on Europe as a whole was both profound and long-lived.
		Particular attention will be paid to the extent to which both the Russian and Spanish revolutions departed and/or conformed to the model of the French Revolution.
	www.clas.ufl.edu /users/gesenwei/EUH46642004.html (1031 words)

	John Newsinger: Orwell and the Spanish Revolution
		Although George Orwell is perhaps best known as the author of Animal Farm, a fairytale account of revolution betrayed, and Nineteen Eighty-Four, a satire of modern totalitarianism, he is also the author of one of the most important celebrations of revolution in English literature, Homage to Catalonia.
		Against this, there were those who argued that the only way to win the war was by actually completing the revolution, by overthrowing the bourgeois state altogether and completing the process of expropriation.
		Orwell begins his account of his Spanish experiences by describing an incident that in many ways captured the meaning that the revolution had for him personally.
	orwell.ru /a_life/Spanish_War/ISJ/english/e_gosr (8283 words)

	Anarchists in the Spanish Revolution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		We believed that "once the dog is dead, the rabies is over." We proclaimed a full-blown revolution without worrying about the many complex problems that a revolution brings with it.
		It began as the Spanish Regional Federation, outlawed from 1872 to 1874 but continuing underground until the dissolution of the International.
		It became known, in turn, as the Federation of Workers of the Spanish Region (1881-1889), the Pact for Union and Solidarity (1889-1896), Worker Solidarity (1904-1909), and since 1910 as the National Confederation of Labour, CNT (Confederación Nacional del Trabajo)."
	anarchosyndicalism.net /history/anarchists.htm (217 words)

	ipedia.com: Spanish Revolution Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In 1936, against the background of the Spanish Civil War, much of Spain's economy was put under worker control; in anarchist strongholds like Catalonia, the figure was as high as 75%, but lower in are...
		In 1936, against the background of the Spanish Civil War, much of Spain's economy was put under worker control; in anarchist strongholds like Catalonia, the figure was as high as 75%, but lower in areas with heavy Socialist influence.
		For instance, women were allowed to have abortions, and the idea of "free love" became popular.
	www.ipedia.com /spanish_revolution.html (468 words)

	AK Press :: Topic :: Spanish Revolution
		From the early days of the uprising, and the militias in 1936, to the refugee camps in France in 1939, Capa (and initially, his partner, till her death in Spain in 1937) was there.
		Models Of Revolution: Rural Women And Anarchist Collectivization In Civil War Spain
		The CNT In The Spanish Revolution Volume 1
	www.akpress.org /2005/topics/spanishrevolution (681 words)

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