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Topic: Spanish anarchism

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Anarchism in Spain

Spanish anarchists

Spanish Civil War

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James I of Aragon

	Social Anarchism: The Spanish Anarchists
		Bookchin energetically disputes the idea that Spanish Anarchists are the "amorphous mass" of primitive rebels "described by Brenan and Hobsbawm." (p.
		They fell on fertile ground, the "intense localism of Spanish social life: the patria chica…an almost untranslatable term that denotes the village and its immediate region — in short, the living arena of the rural Spaniard's world….not merely a geographical or political unit, but the unit of society in every context".
		This is the one essential history of Spanish Anarchism and should be read by anyone interested in the subject.
	www.socialanarchism.org /mod/magazine/display/119/index.php (653 words)

	Institute for Social Ecology - To Remember Spain: The Anarcist and Syndicalist Revolution of 1936
		What made the Spanish Revolution unique was its workers' control and collectives which had been advocated for nearly three generations by a massive libertarian movement and which became one of the most serious issues to divide the so-called "republican" camp (together with the fate of the militia system).
		Yet however much the fortunes of Spanish anarchism varied from region to region and from period to period, whatever revolutionary movement existed in Spain during this sixty-year period was essentially anarchist.
		Although Spanish anarchism did not produce an effective national movement until the founding of the FAI, the divisions between the anarchosyndicalists and anarchocommunists were highly significant.
	www.social-ecology.org /article.php?story=20031118111045472 (7929 words)

	3. c) Anarchism in the Spanish Revolution \| libcom.org
		The proclamation of the Spanish Republic, in 1931, led to an outburst of "anticipatory" writings: Peirats lists about fifty titles, stressing that there were many more, and emphasizes that this "obsession with revolutionary construction" led to a proliferation of writings which contributed greatly to preparing the people for a revolutionary road.
		Spanish anarcho-syndicalism had long been concerned to safeguard the autonomy of what it called "affinity groups." There were many adepts of naturism and vegetarianism among its members, especially among the poor peasants of the south.
		For decades, Spanish anarchism had been warning the people against the deceptions of "politics" and emphasizing the primacy of the "economic." It had constantly sought to divert the people from a bourgeois democratic revolution in order to lead them to the social revolution through direct action.
	libcom.org /library/anarchism-daniel-guerin-3c (8957 words)

	Anarchism - The Spanish Civil War (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The what of the civil war was the Spanish anarchists fighting for a nation without government control of their lives.
		The Spanish Civil War was officially started in 1936 with the first form of military uprising against the Spanish second republic taking place.# The Spanish working class were angry at the government because officials made promises that they turned back on against the Spanish people.
		Durruti's fight is significant in the study of anarchism because it involved overthrowing the government to make a positive change for the helpless people of the country, not just fighting for selfish reasons.
	www.wooster.edu /History/gshaya/courses/hterror/spancivil.html (460 words)

	1868-1936: Anarchism in Spain \| libcom.org
		The Spanish branch of the International Workingmen's Association (with Marx, Engels and the anarchist Mikhail Bakunin amongst the founders) was numerically the most substantial section of the International, with 50,000 members.
		A novel branch of anarchism put in an appearance in 1901 in the shape of Francisco Ferrer y Guardia’s "modern" schools.
		The next major chapter in the history of Spanish anarchism was the Spanish Civil War and Revolution, which broke out in July and lasted until 1939.
	libcom.org /history/1868-1936-anarchism-in-spain (2156 words)

	George Walford - Appendies to Beyond Politics
		One apparent exception to the rule, that the nearer to anarchism a movement stands the smaller and weaker it tends to be, is provided by the strength of the anarchist movement in Spain prior to and during the Civil War.
		Spanish anarchism was divided between the large trade union organisation, the CNT (translating, roughly, as National Confederation of Labour), and the much smaller FAI (Iberian Anarchist Federation).
		Bookchin speaks of the FAI convening assemblies 'to allow for a full expression of rank and file views', and neither the distinction, between rank and file members and others, nor the implied possibility, that full expression of views might not be allowed, is to be found in anarchist movements outside Spain.
	www.gwiep.net /books/bp14.htm (990 words)

	To Remember Spain / An Overview of the Spanish Libertarian Movement
		Marxism tended to appeal to the highly skilled, pragmatic, rather authoritarian Castilian; anarchism, to the unskilled, idealistic Catalans and the independent, liberty-loving mountain villagers of Andalusia and the Levant.
		On this score, Spanish anarchism is profoundly relevant for our time, and the Spanish Revolution still provides the most valuable lessons in the problem of self-management that we can cull from the past.
		Not only were the Madrid construction workers strongly anarchosyndicalist, but at the turn of the century, many Madrid intellectuals were committed to anarchism and established a renowned theoretical tradition for the movement that lingered on long after anarchist workers had cut their ties with the Spanish intelligentsia.
	www.spunk.org /library/writers/bookchin/sp001642/overview.html (9497 words)

	Anarchism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Anarchism is the political belief that society should have no government, laws, police, or other authority, but should be a free association of all its members.
		Socialism is the preparation for that higher Anarchism; painfully, laboriously we mean to destroy false ideas of property and self, eliminate unjust laws and poisonous and hateful suggestions and prejudices, create a system of social right-dealing and a tradition of right-feeling and action.
		The danger of anarchism, one might argue, is that it has become such a revolutionary weapon that it may never know what to do with the golden age when it has it, and may exhaust itself in a perpetual series of counter-revolutions.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /USAanarchist.htm (2704 words)

	An Anarchist Perspective on the Spanish Civil War
		This belief is central to anarchism Anarchists do not only want workers' control of industry, they want a society where all relationships of authority are abolished and people do not look to others to run their lives.
		Anarchism developed rapidly due to the harsh economic conditions that workers and peasants had to suffer.
		Central to anarchism is the belief that the state must be smashed and replaced by a system based on workers' and community councils.
	www.english.uiuc.edu /maps/scw/anarchist.htm (10997 words)

	[No title]
		For some anarchist historians it was to a lesser extent because of propaganda but more because of the appeal of free association and autonomy that anarchism had for Spanish workers and peasants; emphasizing that workers, not intellectual theoreticians shaped the movement and the initiative of peasants was the crucial element.
		Anarchism spread through the countryside less because of the pamphlets and more because of the intermediaries who delivered them and their philosophy to the villages.
		Theories and faces of anarchism in the Spanish Revolution were multifaceted; one common premise of anarchist theory was to remain apolitical: staying outside the political system.
	www.eiu.edu /~historia/2001/agrarian.htm (3377 words)

	Spanish Revolution
		The Spanish Revolution of 1936-1939 came closer to realizing the ideal of the free stateless society on a vast scale than any other revolution in history, including the aborted Russian Revolution of 1917.(1) In fact, they were two very different kinds of revolution.
		The intermeshing of local, regional, and national federations of peasant collectives (which included 90% of the poorest peasants) with the federations of urban socialized enterprises was the culmination of a process which traces back to the latter half of the 19th century.
		The Spanish Revolution shattered yet another Marxist dogma, that of the "transition period." During the first stage in the transition to full communism, so the doctrine goes, means can be separated from ends.
	www.efn.org /~danr/dolgoff1.html (2653 words)

	Untitled
		Shortly after the turn-of-the-century, Azorín did not continue advocating anarchism as openly as before; in fact, by the end of his career he was a writer comfortably established in the regime of Francisco Franco.
		The intellectual legacy that Ruskin provided the Spanish Anarchists can be summarized as follows: the strong belief in a social, egalitarian art; the idealization of the Middle Ages; the evil represented by the industrialized production of art; the fierce hatred of the dehumanization of men and the idealization of machines (Litvak 1988, 31-5).
		Furthermore, the Spanish anarchists were trying to forge a new art; thus, all talk of a tradition or of a particular work's history was afield of their program.
	www.msu.edu /user/nappodan/pensafu.htm (3302 words)

	MBEAW: Anarchism
		Anarchism and Violence: Severeino di Giovanni in Argentina, 1923-1931 (London: Elephant, 1985).
		Anarchism, Marxism and the Future of the Left: Interviews and Essays, 1993-1998 (San Francisco: AK Press, 1999).
		In Defense of Anarchism (NY: Harper and Row, 1970).
	www.mbeaw.org /resources/left/anarchism.php (1418 words)

	WWW-VL History - Spanish History Index - VL Historia - Indice de Historia de España (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Abstract: Spanish discovery of the Antartic continent in 1819.
		Available at: http://flag.flened.net/revolt/spaindx.html E-mail: andrewflood@geocities.com Abstract: The role of anarchism in the Spanish Revolution or Spanish Civil War of 1936 is too often absent from histories of this struggle against fascism.
		The Spanish Civil War Oral History Project is an ongoing project designed to document the response of the Tampa Spanish immigrant community to the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939).
	vlib.iue.it /hist-spain/contemporary (1991 words)

	Durruti in the Spanish Revolution :: AK Press
		Durruti in the Spanish Revolution is as much the chronicle of an entire nation and of a tumultuous historical era.
		Paz seamlessly weaves intimate biographical details of Durruti's life—his progression from factory worker and father to bank robber, political exile and, eventually, revolutionary leader—with extensive historical background, behind-the-scenes governmental intrigue, and blow-by-blow accounts of major battles and urban guerrilla warfare.
		Written with a thorough and sympathetic understanding of the anarchist ideals that motivated Durruti, this is an amazing and exhaustive study of an incredible man and his life-long fight against totalitarianism in both its capitalist and Stalinist forms.
	www.akpress.org /2006/items/durrutiinthespanishrevolution (292 words)

	Anarchism, Noam Chomsky interviewed by David Dobereiner, John Hess, Doug Richardson & Tom Woodhull
		Marxism also covers a pretty broad spectrum and there is a point at which some varieties of anarchism and some varieties of Marxism come very close together, as for example, people like Karl Korsch, who was very sympathetic to the Spanish anarchist movement, though he himself was sort of an orthodox Marxist.
		It seems to me that anarchism in that sense suggests certain principles of organiation which are extremely realistic.
		Now, there is another strain of anarchism which is concerned only with, which really gives no weight to notions like equality, solidarity, and so on.
	www.chomsky.info /interviews/197401--.htm (11788 words)

	Christie Books Archives
		A cooper and a student, he received his grounding in anarchism in 1887, was arrested for the first time in 1887, married in 1891 and settled in Reus as a teacher.
		His entry into the history of anarchism goes back to the dictatorship and the connection was strengthened during the republic; during both periods he was regularly jailed for his commitment to labour militancy.
		It was the mouthpiece of the Spanish section of the IWMA and for that reason lifted texts from La Révolte and the Jura Bulletin.
	www.christiebooks.com /html/history/archives3.html (13536 words)

	Amazon.com: The Spanish Anarchists: The Heroic Years 1868-1936: Books: Murray Bookchin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Anarchism is a great libidinal movement of humanity to shake off the repressive apparatus created by hierarchical society.
		The Spanish anarchists were not an unruly mob of bomb hurling terrorists, they were "freedom fighters" in the best sense of the term.
		Anarchism flourished in both the countryside and in the cities.
	www.amazon.com /Spanish-Anarchists-Heroic-Years-1868-1936/dp/187317604X (1995 words)

	Buenventura Durruti
		The Spanish monarchy fell in 1931 and Durruti moved to Barcelona; accompanied by his French companion Emilienne, pregnant with their daughter Colette.
		On the 15th Durruti arrived with a force of 1,800 men to reinforce the defence of Madrid, where they went immediately to the toughest section and on the 19th he was struck by a bullet.
		Here was a man who fought for his union and anarchist ideals; who never sought any special privileges for himself, who acted as much as he read or thought, who loved, dreamed and was determined to leave this world a better place than when he entered it.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/2724/ws52_durruti.html (1083 words)

	Volume I, no. 2
		But interest in anarchism today is by no means confined to historians or to those with personal memories of Spain in the 1930's.
		The Spanish anarchists thus concentrated their efforts in the agricultural districts, and the intellectuals sympathetic to them were more interested in observing the collectivized villages than they were the factories.
		But neither the Spanish anarchists themselves nor the students and intellectuals who are today so interested in anarchism, would rest their case principally on economic claims.
	uweb.cas.usf.edu /ssphs/vol1no2.html (4067 words)

	Anarchist Theory FAQ Version 5.2
		Anarchism is defined by The American Heritage College Dictionary as "The theory or doctrine that all forms of government are unnecessary, oppressive, and undesirable and should be abolished." Anarchism is a negative; it holds that one thing, namely government, is bad and should be abolished.
		The conservative critique of anarchism is much less developed, but can be teased out of the writings of such authors as Edmund Burke, Russell Kirk, and Ernest van den Haag.
		Anarchism of this sort is a kind of ideal dream, which is beautiful and inspiring to contemplate while we pursue more concrete aims.
	www.gmu.edu /departments/economics/bcaplan/anarfaq.htm (17216 words)

	Amazon.com: Durruti in the Spanish Revolution: Books: Abel Paz,Chuck Morse (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Durruti in the Spanish Revolution is as much a biography of a nation and of a tumultuous historical era.
		Paz seamlessly weaves intimate biographical details of Durruti's life-his progression from factory worker and father to bank robber, political exile and, eventually, revolutionary leader-with extensive historical background, behind-the-scenes governmental intrigue, and blow-by-blow accounts of major battles and urban guerrilla warfare.
		After the revolution's defeat, he was active as a guerilla fighter against the Franco regime and spent eleven years in prison.
	www.amazon.com /Durruti-Spanish-Revolution-Abel-Paz/dp/190485950X (704 words)

	Federica Montseny
		In her many novels, short stories and articles for the anarchist press she analyzed the origins of the deplorable status of women in Spanish society and presented theories that challenged her readers beliefs regarding women's capabilities.
		However, pregnant at the time with her third child, her extradition was denied and she was confined to house arrest until the end of the war.
		Towards the end of her life Federica Montseny was perceived more as a catalyzing symbol, comparable to Dolores Ibárruri, rather than a political leader capable of uniting the diverse political forces of the anarchist movement.
	www.msu.edu /user/madrid/Montseny.html (1155 words)

	The Anarcho-Statists of Spain
		I conclude with a philosophical dissection of the Spanish Anarchist movement, showing that their horrific behavior was largely the result of their incoherent view of human freedom, their unsuccessful attempt to synthesize socialism and liberty, and their uncritical and emotional way of thinking.
		It is quite clear that the rhetoric of the Spanish Anarchists focused on crushing the enemies of the workers by any means necessary; safeguarding the rights of innocent people who happened to despise everything Anarchism stood for was simply not on their agenda.
		This was the Anarchism of the CNT: an Anarchism which not only allied with the Communist totalitarians, but attempted to strike a power- sharing deal with the fascist totalitarians six years after the end of the civil war.
	www.gmu.edu /departments/economics/bcaplan/spain.htm (17032 words)

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