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Topic: Spanish in the Philippines

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	Spanish language in the Philippines - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Spanish is a language of historical and cultural significance in the Philippines.
		Spanish was abolished as a compulsory school subject in 1968 and as an official language in 1973.
		Spanish ceased to be the official and national language of the country, during the Marcos regime in 1973.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Spanish_in_the_Philippines (3364 words)

	Welcome to PRYO.Net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Ferdinand Magellan was the first European to discover the Philippine archipelago in 1521 A.D. After establishing the first catholic missionary and claiming the land for Spain, Magellan was summarily killed at the battle of Maktan Island by Lapu-Lapu a local Datu who objected to his Spanish claim of the islands.
		The complications of Spanish rule including such matters as fairness to the Philippine citizen under the Spanish Judiciary, various levels of corruption by Spanish officials, and the pillaging of certain national resources by the foreign power are often offset by the many benefits gained under such rule.
		Philippine natives freely intermarried and mingled with Spaniards.
	www.pryo.net /History/FIL-Spanish.html (985 words)

	Scuba Dive Philippines – History & Culture
		In fact it was actually the Spanish who gave the country its name: in 1543 the archipelago was named the 'Filipinas' after King Philip II of Spain.
		Spanish rule of the Philippines ended in 1898, due to the Spanish American War.
		Fighting was fierce, and parts of the Philippines remained in Japanese control until the official surrender on September 2, 1945.
	www.scubadivephilippines.com /SCUBAhistory.shtml (563 words)

	Spanish Influence
		Spanish influence on the Philippines and the Filipino inhabitants was immediately visible following the imposition of Castilian colonial sovereignty.
		This is because Spanishness was equated with Catholicism.
		In the course of Spanish colonization in the Philippines, the friars constructed opulent Baroque-style church edifices.
	www.bauzon.ph /leslie/papers/spinfluence.html (1296 words)

	Spanish And Its Many Variations
		Spanish is one of the Romance languages in the Italic subfamily of the Indo-European language family, and within Spain, and has two major dialects: Andalusian and Castilian.
		In the Philippines, Spanish served as the language of the ruling class, of civil and judicial administration, and of culture.
		Because Mexico often mediated communication between the Philippines and Spain, Philippine Spanish in general is similar to the Castilian dialect used in Mexico.
	www.albany.edu /~rm4851/lin325/spanish.html (747 words)

	Chronology--Philippines and Guam
		Emilio Aguinaldo was elected president of the new republic of the Philippines; Andrés Bonifacio was demoted to the director of the interior.
		Governor-General of the Philippine Islands Fernando Primo de Rivera, in a surprise move, was replaced by Governor-General Basilo Augustín Dávila in early April.
		Philippine revolutionists began the siege of the Spanish garrison at Baler, Luzon, Philippine Islands.
	www.loc.gov /rr/hispanic/1898/chronphil.html (3561 words)

	Spanish-American War - Presidio of San Francisco (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The Spanish fleet guarding the Philippines was defeated by the U.S. Navy under the command of Commodore George Dewey on May 1, 1898.
		The mark of the brief war with Spain and the longer conflict with the Philippines is evident throughout the Presidio.
		This particular weapon was supposedly damaged at Subic Bay in the Philippines by shellfire from the U.S.S. Charleston in September of 1899.
	www.nps.gov /prsf/history/spanish_american_war.htm (1460 words)

	Spanish Lighthouses of the Philippines
		The Spanish lighthouse is a 67 ft (20.5 m) square brick tower completed in 1889.
		The Spanish lighthouse is an 47 ft (14.5 m) octagonal stone tower, similar to Cape Bojeador, completed in 1893.
		The Spanish lighthouse is a 12 m (39 ft) granite block tower completed in 1896.
	www.unc.edu /~rowlett/lighthouse/phl-esp.htm (2009 words)

	The Electronic Passport to the Philippines
		The Spanish colonized the Philippines in 1565, but were forced to turn over the islands to the United States after losing the Spanish-American War in 1898.
		Ferdinand Marcos was elected president of the Philippines in 1966 and ruled the nation for twenty years.
		Her courage forced a dictator from power and allowed freedom and the Philippines was once again a democracy where the people selected the government.
	www.mrdowling.com /615-philippines.html (364 words)

	The Philippines as a Spanish Colony
		Almost half a century after Magellan's death, the Spanish returned to the Philippines with the intention of establishing a colony.
		In the first half of their occupation (which is not as well documented as the second half), the Spanish managed to defend the Philippines from the Dutch and various Chinese warlords.
		The Spanish suppress the revolt brutally and use the opportunity to implicate the liberal critics of Spanish authority in an imaginary wider conspiracy.
	philippines-archipelago.com /history/spanish_colony.html (1106 words)

	Chabacano Research Paperwork
		In the contemporary Philippines, fluency in Spanish is generally restricted to a small and aging elite of mixed Philippine-Spanish heritage; the typical fluent Spanish speaker has at least one parent or grandparent born in Spain, and belongs to wealthy landowning or empresarial classes far-removed from the grass-roots level at which Chabacano is spoken.
		Spanish speakers are frequently members of Spanish landowning and commercial families, which have managed to retain and even expand their fortunes throughout the various post-colonial administrations in the Philippines.
		Indeed, non-creole Spanish of the Philippines is quite close to Peninsular `Castilian' models, being spoken largely by families with recent ancestors from Spain, and differing from the dialects of the latter country mainly in pronunciation and the occasional slight grammatical or lexical difference.
	www.zamboanga.com /html/history_Chabacano_de_Zamboanga2.htm (12635 words)

	The Philippines
		Luzon, the largest island with one-third of the land and half the population, is in the north.
		There are no land boundaries; the country is bordered on the west by the South China Sea, on the east by the Philippine Sea, on the south by the Celebes Sea, and on the north by the Luzon Strait, which separates the country from its nearest neighbor, Taiwan.
		Spanish and American rule left arable land concentrated in the hands of 2 percent of the population and those owners will not give up their land without compensation.
	www.everyculture.com /No-Sa/The-Philippines.html (8615 words)

	Philippines
		The Philippines was the first Republic in Asia, but the dream of independence was short lived.
		In 1898 The Americans came as "liberators" from the Spanish, but by 1901, the Americans under President McKinley colonized the Philippines in the name of "civilization, democracy, and Christianity" and a bloody struggle ensued.
		What was taken from the Philippines in blood was given back in blood with the sacrifice of American servicemen who are buried on Philippine soil to create a new independent nation.
	members.tripod.com /~Quimpo/philip.htm (832 words)

	CHRISTIANITY IN THE PHILIPPINES
		Spanish archives are full of exasperated colonial officials complaining about how such settlements were 'all but abandoned' in many cases after only a few weeks.
		The legacy of Spanish conquest and colonial rule in the Philippines, as is true of all colonial attempts to 'master' or manage indigenous populations, is mixed.
		Christianity in the Philippines today, unlike during the Spanish period, is a mixture of nationalistic efforts by local peoples to 'Filipinize' Roman Catholicism and the efforts of a variety of Protestant missionizing successes.
	www.seasite.niu.edu /crossroads/russell/christianity.htm (2371 words)

	Philippines Tourist Guides - Introduction
		Philippines is of volcanic origin, it has more than 20 active volcanoes, and regularly experiences earthquakes.
		A large part of the terrain is mountainous; the volcanic eruptions in the area have given the Philippines, fertile soils and spectacular landscapes and underwater areas.
		However, the Philippines are a relatively save and cheap place to visit (if one avoids the trouble prone areas in the south) with long beaches, interesting mountain treks and hikes, and spectacular underwater experiences.
	www.sino.net /philippines-tourist-guides (589 words)

	Philippines Lighthouses
		There are also two Spanish watchtowers on the point, and one of them may have been used as a lighthouse; a 1920 light list describes the 1906 light as an "old fort." Located at the southern entrance to Gaang Bay and Currimao, about 32 km (20 mi) south of Laoag City.
		In March 2004, the Philippines chapter of the Environmental Protection of Asia Foundation proposed that the island be set aside as a marine sanctuary and the light station restored by the Foundation as a showcase for its programs.
		One of the first lighthouses to be built in the Philippines by the U.S. Reported in poor condition, but in March 2004 a group called Coastal Highpoint Ventures Inc. signed an agreement with the Coast Guard to restore and renovate the light station.
	www.unc.edu /~rowlett/lighthouse/phl.htm (5369 words)

	InterPinoy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		A century ago, the Spanish language was in good health and embellishing the world of letters of many Filipino writers.That resplendent age of Spanish produced an exulted and brilliant group of writers and journalists in the Spanish language.
		Clearly, the nation's love for Spanish and its cultural importance was embedded firmly in the world of art of the Filipinos.
		And it is only fair for Filipinos in the Philippines, as well as those who are now born and bred in the American and Canadian way of life, to satisfy their thirst for their Hispanic identity.
	members.aol.com /farolan1/marpinoy.html (621 words)

	The History of Maharlika Kuntaw
		From Islamic missionaries and Chinese sailors, to Spanish Conquistadors, the Philippines have endured countless invasions, yet forever persevered by means of assimilation.
		Before the Spanish occupation of the Philippines, Maharlika Kuntaw was practiced openly by the elite ruling class inhabitants of Mindanao Island.
		In the Philippines, no such culture existed, bowing was not the recognized sign of respect, as everyone felt that they were/are equal to one another.
	www.nmc.edu /~bsmith/history.htm (665 words)

	Windows on Asia
		Spanish missionaries were quick to learn local languages, and Catholic rituals were interpreted in accordance with natives' indigenous beliefs and values.
		Since subsistence agriculture was the norm in the Philippines, these measures had an adverse impact on the population; rebellions were common, but the Spanish used "divide and conquer" techniques to prevent the emergence of a widespread revolutionary movement.
		As Spain's colonial possessions in the Americas gained independence in the early nineteenth century, the Spanish were forced to re-evaluate their economic policies in the Philippines.
	www.asia.msu.edu /seasia/Philippines/History/hist_spanish.html (817 words)

	The retrospective history of the Philippines (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Hartford Web Publishing is not the author of the documents in World History Archives and does not presume to validate their accuracy or authenticity nor to release their copyright.
		The armed conflict between Muslim separatists and the army in the southern Philippines has continued since the days of martial law under former President Marcos nearly 30 years ago.
		The Mindanao conflict dates from the 16th century, when the Spanish sent military expeditions from Manila to subjugate the Muslims—whom they called Moros, after the Moors of Spain—and convert them to Christianity.
	www.hartford-hwp.com /archives/54a/index-a.html (179 words)

	Mabini: The Spanish Regime in the Philippines Before the Revolution
		The Philippine priests and lawyers who were Burgos's contemporaries, with the exception of sons of Spaniards, knew Latin perfectly well but hardly any Spanish because the educational system was wholly religious.
		As a mere Spanish possession it did not enjoy constitutional guarantees, so that the King, through the Minister of the Colonies, the member of his government responsible for these matters, had in his hands, the whole of the legislative and executive power.
		He was represented in the archipelago by the governor general of the Philippines, who was always, a military man with the rank of lieutenant-general or captain-general in the army, and who exercised dictatorial authority to suspend at his discretion the enforcement of the decrees issued.
	www.univie.ac.at /Voelkerkunde/apsis/aufi/history/mabini04.htm (689 words)

	Spanish-American War
		The Spanish government did not have the financial resources or the manpower to deal with these revolts and thus turned to expedients of building reconcentration camps to separate the rebels from their rural base of support.
		The U.S. was an unproven power, while the Spanish navy, however decrepit, had a glorious history, and it was thought it could be a match for the U.S. There was also a widely held notion among Spain's aristocratic leaders that the United States' ethnically mixed army and navy could never survive under severe pressure.
		The first battle was in the Philippines where on May 1, Commodore George Dewey commanding the United States Pacific fleet, in six hours defeated the Spanish squadron, under Admiral Patricio Montojo y Pasarón at the Battle of Manila Bay.
	webpages.charter.net /wisconsinlegion-7thdistrict/SP_AM_War.htm (2494 words)

	Asian Vegetarian Cooking - THE PHILIPPINES - free Suite101.com course
		It was during this long period of Spanish occupation that Chinese immigration transformed the population and what they ate.
		The sweet potato, known throughout the Philippines by its Aztec name of camote or camotl, quickly became a staple in China and commonly substituted for rice among the poor.
		The Philippines remained in Spanish hands until Admiral George Dewey sailed into Manila Bay to defeat the Spanish in the 1898 Spanish-American War.
	www.suite101.com /lesson.cfm/18242/1536/2 (450 words)

	SparkNotes: The Spanish American War (1898-1901): Dewey and the Philippines: 1898 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		While the Spanish did have large numbers of ships, these vessels were old, rotting, and falling apart.
		The Spanish ships were no match for the newer ships of the US Navy, especially the American Navy's steel warships.
		Here, with the move against the Spanish Philippines, the initial goal of liberating Cuba expressed in the Teller Amendment seemed to be giving way to a desire for imperialist expansion.
	www.sparknotes.com /history/american/spanishamerican/section5.rhtml (955 words)

	Anglican Communion:The Episcopal Church in the Philippines
		With its history as a Spanish colony, the Philippines was predominantly Roman Catholic.
		When Americans colonized the country in 1898, Anglican missionary work began in the north and among Muslim populations in the south.
		The Church consecrated its first Bishop in 1963 and became an autonomous Province in 1990.
	www.anglicancommunion.org /tour/province.cfm?ID=P2 (49 words)

	Spanish-American War - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Spanish government did not have the financial resources or the personnel to deal with these revolts and resorted to forcibly emptying the countryside and the filling of the cities with concentration camps (in Cuba)[5] to separate the rebels from their rural base of support.
		The Spanish forces at Guantánamo were so isolated by Marines and Cuban forces that they did not know that Santiago was under siege, and their forces in the northern part of the province could not break through Cuban lines.
		Estimates of Spanish losses to the insurgents in the Philippines were not found; however the war is described as bloody [3], such as in "The Siege of Baler"[4].
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Spanish_American_War (4855 words)

	Tagalog (Filipino)
		Tagalog is one of the major languages of the Republic of the Philippines and functions as its lingua franca.
		It is spoken in central and southern Luzon, in Manila, the capital of the Philippines, and on some of the other islands.
		Frequent contact between Tagalog and Spanish during the Spanish occupation of the Philippines has resulted in Philippine Creole Spanish known as Chabacano.
	www.nvtc.gov /lotw/months/june/Tagalog.html (1105 words)

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