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Topic: Spanish missions in California

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	Spanish missions in California - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In this context, the term "California" is used to refer to the territory that comprises Alta California (chiefly the current U.S. state of California) and the Mexican states of Baja California and Baja California Sur.
		California was literally months away from the nearest base in colonized Mexico, and the cargo ships of the day were too small to carry more than a few months’ rations in their holds.
		Although the missions were considered temporary ventures by the Spanish hierarchy, the development of an individual settlement was not simply a matter of "priestly whim." The founding of a mission followed longstanding rules and procedures; the paperwork involved required months, sometimes years of correspondence, and demanded the attention of virtually every level of the bureaucracy.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/California_mission (2890 words)

	The Spanish Missions of California: History, architecture and art
		Historically, the missions were the most effective in contributing to the peaceful colonization of California.
		One is the fountain at the center of the courtyard, which indicated the relative wealth of the mission.
		The missions were secularized and the Spanish priests were expected to leave.
	www.geocities.com /TheTropics/6788/missions.html (637 words)

	The Spanish missions of California
		Unlike other Missions where visitors can see rooms furnished as they were in the 1800s, San Miguel allows a walk through the mission grounds to see Franciscans going about their daily routines in the 21st century.
		The mission is operated by the state of California as a historic park.
		This mission also served as temporary quarters for The College of Our Lady of Refuge of Sinners, which was the first institution of higher education in California from 1844-46.
	mimi.essortment.com /spanishcaliforn_rotx.htm (1844 words)

	Spanish missions in California - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		In addition to the presidio (fort) and pueblo (town), the misión was one of the three major agencies employed by the Spanish crown to extend its borders and consolidate its colonial territories.
		The missions are collectively the best-known historic element of the coastal regions of California (many of the mission sites have been designated as National Historic Landmarks, and all are listed in the California Historic Register).
		The missions themselves were situated approximately 30 miles (48 km) apart, so that they were separated by one day's long ride on horseback along the 600-mile (966 km) long El Camino Real, the California Mission Trail.
	www.lompoc.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Spanish_Missions_of_California (1648 words)

	California Missions Foundation
		The Missions, which flourished in the years before the American Flag flew over California, are viewed either as relics of a romantic vanished past or symbols of European imperialism that destroyed the native culture.
		California Missions foundation president Ameil is a descendant of Felipe Santiago Garcia, who came to Mission San Diego in 1774.
		Galvan says he wants to be sure "the Indian story is not forgotten in the mission story." He was at Mission Dolores in San Francisco for its 224th birthday celebration recently and led a prayer to the four directions of the world in the churchyard.
	www.missionsofcalifornia.org /news/072300.html (752 words)

	Houston Institute for Culture - Spanish Missions in Texas
		But none were allowed to leave the mission, and if an Indian attempted to flee, he or she was recaptured and punished for escaping.
		This ceremony was repeated in the establishment of subsequent missions.
		The mission was composed of numerous buildings surrounding a large square courtyard with a length of forty yards.
	www.houstonculture.org /spanish/california.html (1105 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: California Missions
		In turn the Jesuits were to enjoy the privilege of enlisting soldiers to act as guards for the missions at the expense of the Society, and at time of war these soldiers were to be considered on the same footing with those of the regular army.
		During the sixty years that the Jesuits were permitted to labour among the natives of California, fifty-six members of the Society of Jesus came to the peninsula, of whom sixteen, two as martyrs, died at their posts.
		The Indians gradually disappeared; the mission property was squandered; the mission buildings given over to destruction; the missionaries one by one died amid the few faithful who shared the poverty of the beloved padre, and the land once cultivated by the neophytes passed into the hands of the avaricious.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/03177b.htm (4611 words)

	Spanish Missions - VR Panoramas
		Mission Ysleta, El Paso landmark and center of the Tigua Pueblo.
		A viewpoint between the mission and the oasis at Mulege.
		The plaza and mission church in Todos Santos.
	www.virtualguidebooks.com /ThematicLists/SpanishMissions.html (203 words)

	The Timeshare Beat: It's Your World; El Camino Real and the Spanish Missions in California (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		By the time the last mission was built in 1823, the Golden State had grown from an untamed wilderness to a thriving agricultural frontier on the verge of American statehood.
		The 21 missions that comprise California's historic mission trail are all located on or near Highway 101, which roughly traces El Camino Real (The Royal Road) named in honor of the Spanish monarchy which financed the expeditions into California in the quest for empire.
		The mission was named after Joseph, spouse of Mary and while nothing remains of the original church, the $5 million remodel has closely reproduced the 1809 structure.
	www.thetimesharebeat.com /yourworld/caminoreal.htm (2735 words)

	Missions of California - Educational Projects
		Missions of California Educational Projects are great for introducing students to California's mission history and emphasizing the importance of the missions to the founding of California.
		An important tool in understanding what life was like from 1769 to 1823, Mission Projects help children comprehend the enormous obstacles the colonizers faced, and how Spanish exploration changed the New World and the lives of the Native Americans forever.
		Quality construction and authentic mission details will make studying the daily lives of the people who occupied the missions interesting and enjoyable.
	www.missionsofca.com (200 words)

	Research Starters: Spanish Missions of California
		Late in the century, Franciscan missions sponsored by Spain and the Roman Catholic church played an important role in establishing European settlement in the region.
		The first Franciscan mission in California (Mission San Diego de Alcalá) was established by Father Junípero Serra in what in now San Diego.
		Spanish exploration and influence in the region during the 18th and early 19th centuries.
	teacher.scholastic.com /researchtools/researchstarters/missions (813 words)

	Twenty-one Steps: Life in California's Old Spanish Missions - CULTURE
		Among California's many treasures, one of the most quintessentially Californian is the string of twenty-one colonial Spanish missions that extends from San Diego in the south to Sonoma in the north.
		Spanish imperial expansion was not primarily powered by religious fervor, however.
		The history of the mission churches extends back more than two hundred years before the first cross was erected in 1769 in Alta (or "upper") California, as the Spanish called the present-day U.S. state of California to differentiate it from Baja (or "lower") California.
	www.worldandihomeschool.com /public_articles/2001/march/wis21449.asp (492 words)

	California History Collection (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		After 1769, the life of the California natives who came in contact with the Spanish was reshaped by the mission fathers, not the townspeople of the pueblos or the soldiers of the presidios.
		Conversion was seldom an entirely voluntary process, and converts (neophytes) were not left to return to their old ways but were required to live in the walled mission enclosure or on rancherías, separate settlements sponsored by missions although located some distance from the mission proper.
		There they were taught Spanish as well as the tenets of their new religion and trained in skills that would fit them for their new lives: brickmaking and construction, raising cattle and horses, flsmithing, weaving, tanning hides, etc.
	memory.loc.gov /ammem/cbhtml/cbmissio.html (273 words)

	California Missions
		They will be able to use the information learned about California Missions (through direct instruction and the game) as a foundation for continued studies of California history.
		The ultimate goal of this game is to be the first traveling friar to traverse from the most southern mission (Mission San Diego de Alcala) to the most northern mission (Mission San Francisco de Solano).
		California Missions game board - rectangular game board which has an outline of California with spaces to place fate cards and question/answer cards.
	edweb.sdsu.edu /courses/edtec670/cardboard/Board/C/Calmission (1882 words)

	Spanish Missions In California - California 4U (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		This content resource is a research starter for finding information on the Spanish missions of California.
		The historical significance, architecture and daily life at the Spanish missions of California.
		California missions - a short history of Spanish California missions with links to individual mission resources.
	www.ekoclubinternational.com /spanish-missions-in-california.html (396 words)

	California's 21 Spanish Missions and Map (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		During the Mexican annexation the missions were stripped of their exclusive rights to own large tracks of land.
		Many of the missions were quickly abandoned or suffered great loss financially, most missions were destroy by earthquakes or floods over the years.
		The 21 California Spanish missions are a large part of California's rich history.
	www.mtycounty.com /pgs-missions/the21missions.html (209 words)

	Welcome to the California Missions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		If you live in California, there is a good chance that you are within an hour's drive of one or more of the missions.
		Most of today's missions are active churches, indeed, some have held mass non-stop since their founding.
		Our intention with this website is to bring the present day mission to those who plan on visiting the missions, or those who may not be able to visit all the missions.
	www.thecaliforniamissions.com (212 words)

	Worldisround - United States, Spanish Missions - Churches, Temples & Mosques in United States photos
		Spanish colonists established a number of missions in the Western Hemisphere to promote the Roman Catholic faith among the Native peoples, although an underlying motive was convert the Natives to Spanish speaking vassals loyal to Spain.
		Missions reached what is now the American Southwest starting with the Rio Grande Valley in the 16th century.
		Mission Santa Clara de Asis is located on the campus of Santa Clara...
	www.worldisround.com /articles/14348 (484 words)

	Amazon.com: Las Misiones Antiguas: The Spanish Missions of Baja California: Books: Edward W. Vernon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Sketches record the configuration of sites not previously mapped, and in the case of the largest Baja California mission, Comondú, the foundation was traced and old photographs were utilized to generate a computer model.
		The most comprehensive source of information on the fascinating peninsular missions and several visitas of Baja California, the content includes oral history from area residents, sketches, old photographs and computer-generated models of what used to be.
		Mission San Francisco de Borja for example is according to the coordinates in the book located on the Mexican mainland and not on the Baja Peninsula.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0826331106?v=glance (968 words)

	Social Studies WebQuest: Spanish Missions
		Stretching from San Diego to San Francisco is a string of 21 Spanish missions from the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.
		Take a tour of a typical mission and read about the people who lived in the missions.
		To learn more about the Spanish Missions, visit the California Missions Interactive project at http://www.tsoft.net/~cmi/Reports.html.
	teacher.scholastic.com /webquest/ushist/usspmis.htm (157 words)

	Sunstone Press - THE SPELL OF CALIFORNIA'S SPANISH COLONIAL MISSIONS
		As Thomas J. Steele, S.J. said, "Donald Toomey has done a major favor to each visitor to any one of the missions of California." These missions--all of them without exception--are historic, venerable, and handsome, but they are also profoundly instructive.
		Donald Toomey has assembled all the basic historical facts of each mission, tracing each site from its late-eighteenth or early-nineteenth-century origin through its various disasters (fires and earthquakes predominate) and its various renovations up to the end of the twentieth century.
		He outlines each mission's success at achieving its purpose, and he expertly conveys to his reader his own deep appreciation of Provincial Baroque architecture, art, and church life.
	www.sunstonepress.com /cgi-bin/bookview.cgi?_recordnum=281 (265 words)

	Homework Helper - Missions
		"Built in the 1780's by the Spanish as a Presidio against marauding Indians, the church reflects the Spanish colonial style and is similar to California missions."
		In 1731, the mission was transferred to the San Antonio River area and renamed Mission San Francisco de la Espada."
		The Ysleta Mission, located in the El Paso eastern suburb of Ysleta, was established in 1681 by Franciscan padres and Tiguan Indians.
	www.mcallen.lib.tx.us /library/child/homework/missions.htm (664 words)

	California Missions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		In addition to Christianity, the missions brought many other things to California such as livestock, fruits, flowers, grains and industry.
		However, as a result of the arrival of the Spanish, many Native American lives were lost.
		Every one of the California missions tell a story about the history of California.
	missions.bgmm.com (149 words)

	California Missions Interactive Home Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		California's twenty-one Spanish missions make up some of this state's richest historical landmarks.
		Aside from promoting Christianity, one of the functions of the mission chain was to provide safe havens for people traveling through untamed California in the early nineteenth century.
		During their trip the two cyclists used e-mail to remain in constant contact with twelve fourth grade classes in Palo Alto, California who have been studying the California Missions.
	www.rawbw.com /~cmi (251 words)

	California Missions
		Led by their discoveries, students search for the perfect location for the final California mission.
		This site is being constructed by students throughout California to serve as a central resource for information on the California Missions.
		This history text for fourth graders covers the missions era, Mexican California, westward expansion, and the bear flag revolt.
	www.monet.k12.ca.us /wright/library/california_missions.htm (228 words)

	Annotated Links to California Missions Web Sites
		Although often referred to as a mission, San Antonio de Pala was a sub-station of Mission San Luis Rey and did not have a resident priest in the Hispanic period.
		Francisco Garces, and other Spanish occupants were killed; the Spanish government did not reassert its claim to the area, thus losing control of the strategically important Yuma Crossing and cutting the land route between coastal California missions and Central Mexico.
		This includes a sketch of pre-contact Tipai-Kumeyaay culture, the religious-political significance of the missions, the coming of the Mexican period, and the decay of the presidio after the foundation of a new population center at the base of the hill (now known as Old Town).
	www.ca-missions.org /links.html (9586 words)

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