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Topic: Spanish monarchy

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	Spanish Empire - Printer-friendly - MSN Encarta
		The Spanish colonists tended to settle where the native population was most plentiful.
		Creoles, people of Spanish descent who were born in the Americas, developed a cultural identity shaped by both their Spanish roots and their American home.
		The population of Spanish America grew dramatically in the 18th century.
	encarta.msn.com /text_761595536___3/Spanish_Empire.html (3264 words)

	Spanish Empire - MSN Encarta
		Spanish Empire, overseas territories in North and South America, Asia, Africa, and Oceania that were colonized and administered by Spain.
		At its greatest extent in the Americas, Spanish territory stretched from Alaska through the western United States, Mexico, and Central America to southern Chile and Patagonia, and from the state of Georgia south to the Caribbean islands, Venezuela, Colombia, and Argentina.
		The concern to increase Spanish trade centered on the desire to overcome the advantage Portuguese explorers and traders had gained by establishing similar bases on the African continent and islands off of Africa in the Atlantic Ocean.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761595536/Spanish_Empire.html (1958 words)

	JAIME E. RODRÍGUEZ O. \| The Emancipation of America \| The American Historical Review, 105.1 \| The History ...
		The collapse of the Spanish Monarchy, as a result of the French invasion of the Peninsula and the abdication of its rulers, triggered a series of events that culminated in the establishment of representative government throughout the Spanish world.
		First, monarchy is a form of government in the same manner that republic is. Second, the term empire implies a degree of subordination that did not exist at the time and that the people of those monarchies, whether in Europe or America, did not accept.
		The Spanish Monarchy identified its component parts as kingdoms, principalities, counties, duchies, etc. The Spanish term virreinato, normally translated into English as "viceroyalty," means literally vice kingdom; it was used to refer to those areas administered by a virrey (viceroy in French or vice king in English).
	www.historycooperative.org /journals/ahr/105.1/ah000131.html (9629 words)

	Spanish monarchy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Spanish Monarchy (Spanish: Monarquía española) is the parliamentary monarchy of Spain.
		The current King is Juan Carlos I, who is styled as "His Majesty." The monarchy is established in Title II, articles 56 to 65 of the Spanish Constitution of 1978 (in which it is referred to as the Crown of Spain, corona de España).
		The heir apparent to the Spanish monarchy receives the titles Prince of Asturias, Prince of Gerona, and Prince of Viana, Asturias being on behalf of Kingdom of Castile, Gerona on behalf of Kingdom of Aragon, and Viana, a disputed title, on behalf of Kingdom of Navarre.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Spanish_monarchy (406 words)

	Puerto Rico at the Dawn of the Modern Age - In Search of a National Identity (American Memory from the Library of ...
		Although Puerto Rican representatives to the Spanish parliament succeeded in obtaining political reforms during this period, in practice local Spanish authorities kept a tight grip on the island under the threat of rumors from abroad about secessionist plots and potential insurrections.
		Spanish authorities on the island believed that newspapers contributed to the spread of new ideas that could seriously threaten the established order.
		Efforts for further liberal reforms on the island were aborted in 1874, when the Spanish Republic fell as the result of a military coup, leading to the return of the Spanish monarchy.
	lcweb2.loc.gov:8081 /ammem/collections/puertorico/bras7.html (782 words)

	Oneview
		Meanwhile, a new "Carlista" insurrection burst in an attempt to restore the absolute monarchy, simultaneously with the cantonalist revolts that defended a federal republic, the first war with Cuba and the conspiracies to restore the Bourbon in the figure of Prince Alfonso, son of Isabel II.
		From the moment of the colonization of America, the Spanish monarchy pretended to organize the new territories in the image of the metropolis.
		In the last budget of the Spanish administration in Puerto Rico, before the granting of the autonomy, the quantity of funds dedicated to education was almost the same as the funds dedicated to the salary of the Captain General.
	www.spanamwar.com /Spanishview.htm (4035 words)

	The Revolution In Spain
		It not only became a prop of the monarchy but also the vehicle of dissatisfaction of all the sections of the ruling classes, and primarily, of its own: like the bureaucracy, the officers are recruited from those elements, extremely numerous in Spain, which demand of the state first of all their means of livelihood.
		The Spanish students who, for the same general reasons as the officers, were recruited primarily from the dissatisfied youth, became accustomed to playing a role in the country altogether out of proportion to their numbers.
		The Spanish workers, it is true, already took a militant part in the revolutions of the nineteenth century: but always on the leading string of the bourgeoisie, always in the, second rank, as a subsidiary force.
	www.marxists.org /archive/trotsky/works/1931/1931-spain04.htm (7368 words)

	Puerto Rico in 1898
		Spanish merchants and local government authorities, considered by the rebels to be enemies of the fatherland, were taken as prisoners.
		Although Puerto Rican representatives to the Spanish Cortes succeeded in their efforts to obtain political reforms during this period, in practice, local Spanish authorities kept a tight grip on the island, threatened by rumors from abroad of plots and potential insurrection by the separatists.
		Although Spanish surrender was certain at this point, the occupation of Puerto Rico followed in an effort to secure the US presence on the island prior to the initial discussions of a peace settlement.
	www.loc.gov /rr/hispanic/1898/bras.html (2630 words)

	chronology of medieval boys' clothing -- the Church Spanish Inquisition
		She established the nortorious Spanish Inquisition (1478) which was to operate under her authority rather than that of papacy which had earlier created the less fanatical Inquisition.
		The term is used to diferentiate the Roman Inquisitiin with the Spanish Inquisition which was conducted independently from Rome under the auspices of the Spanish monarchy.
		Ferdinand and Isabel and suceeding Spanish monarchs appointed the officers of the Spanish Inquisition who as a result were not directly responsible to the Church in Rome nor under the auspices of the Roman Inquisition.
	histclo.com /chron/med/church/mc-inqsp.html (5326 words)

	Spanish Civil War
		The outcome of the Spanish Civil War altered the balance of power in Europe, tested the military power of Germany and Italy, and pushed ER "away from the peace movement and into the ranks of the anti-fascists" fighting for democracy.
		In 1931, the Spanish monarchy fell and was replaced by a democratically elected government dedicated to major social reforms.
		She arranged for ER to see The Spanish Earth, a documentary detailing the horrors of the German attacks on civilian populations and the vast imbalance of wealth in Spain.
	www.nps.gov /elro/glossary/spanish-civil-war.htm (778 words)

	tercio
		Technical progress of the portable firearms and tactical knowledge had reduced the importance of the heavy medieval cavalry, introduced the importance of the artillery in the battlefield and positioned the infantry as the main corps in the army.
		The Spanish Tercios were the new infantry unit of the Kings of Spain which combined the firepower of the harquebus (later the musket) with the pikes.
		In 1495 the Spanish King Fernando V "El Catolico" (the Catholic) reorganised the defence of his reunified kingdom.
	www.geocities.com /ao1617/TercioUK.html (494 words)

	Batailles
		Briefly, the French Monarchy was confronted with the Spanish monarchy for the dominion of the Kingdom of Napoli and the Duchy of Lombardia.
		For the occupation of Portugal in 1580 and the operation of England in 1580, 4 new Tercios were raised, 1 stayed in Portugal and the rest was disbanded and the soldiers sent in Flanders in 1583 after the invasion of the Azores islands.
		In Catalonia, the rebellion was against the Spanish monarchy a part of the ruler class as well as the attitude of the Spanish soldiers.
	www.geocities.com /ao1617/Battle.html (5853 words)

	Origins of Sephardic Jews
		The Edict of Expulsion carried with it the appropriation and seizure by the monarchy of all earthly properties belonging to the Jew.
		It is inexplicable and indignant to witness the vain and presumptuous behavior of the Spanish Church.
		In the documented history of 1492 Catholic Spain we encounter one terrible and heartbreaking truth, this was not solely the result of the repulsive hatred of the Spanish monarchy, but also the increasing indifference of a people that tolerated and promoted by action or omission the horrors of anti-Semitism.
	www.tzemach.org /articles/sephardicjews.htm (1360 words)

	Marbellalife.com - Arts - Spanish Painters
		Their goal was to be appointed as court painter, which inevitably meant that the artist painted to please the king.
		The works required from the artist usually consisted of portraits of the Royal family, which were sent to friendly monarchies, but religious paintings were also required to decorate cathedrals and churches.
		However, sometimes it was the Spanish monarchy that requested a specific foreign painter.
	www.marbellalife.com /arts/spanish-painters (166 words)

	The New Yorker: PRINTABLES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The occasion was the Spanish Civil War, already in its ninth month, but the regular shelling of the Hotel Florida and other privations of the Fascist siege didn’t prevent Ernest Hemingway, John Dos Passos, Josephine Herbst, and Hemingway’s latest distraction from the thought of suicide, Martha Gellhorn, from living well.
		The Spanish critic Arturo Barea, himself a target of the secret police, wrote after the novel’s publication, in 1940, “I find myself awkwardly alone in the conviction that, as a novel about Spaniards and their war, it is unreal and, in the last analysis, deeply untruthful.”
		The failure of the democracies to defend the Spanish Republic convinced Hitler and Mussolini that Fascist takeovers elsewhere in Europe would go unchecked; Soviet interference was inevitable given the weakness of the Republic and the maneuverings of Germany and Italy.
	www.newyorker.com /printables/critics/051031crbo_books (3143 words)

	SparkNotes: The Interwar Years (1919-1938): The Spanish Civil War (1931-1939)
		On April 14, 1931 the Spanish monarchy was declared overthrown and a provisional government took power.
		The Republicans tried to turn their rag-tag militia into an effective fighting force, beginning in October 1936 with the creation of the Popular Army, which, while better organized than the militias, was chronically short of arms and ammunition, and was beset by incompetent junior officers and political factions within the ranks.
		The Spanish Civil War is sometimes referred to as a dress rehearsal for World War II.
	www.sparknotes.com /history/european/interwaryears/section9.rhtml (1099 words)

	Spanish California
		From Madrid's point of view, New Spain was important as a source of valuable resources, primarily silver, from which the crown took its "royal fifth." The individual soldiers that conquered New Spain sought personal gain initially in the form of plunder and later in the form of encomiendas.
		Several early Spanish conquistadores looked seriously at California as a possible source of treasure, but none was found and Spain's attention quickly shifted elsewhere.
		In 1769 Gaspar de Portola and Father Junipero Serra led an expedition that established missions and presidios in San Diego and Monterey and discovered the hitherto unknown port of San Francisco.
	www.inn-california.com /Articles/history/spanishcalifornia.html (1273 words)

	Giovanni Battista Tiepolo: The Apotheosis of the Spanish Monarchy (1980.363) \| Object Page \| Timeline of Art History \| ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Giovanni Battista Tiepolo: The Apotheosis of the Spanish Monarchy (1980.363)
		The Apotheosis of the Spanish Monarchy, sketch for a ceiling painting
		"Giovanni Battista Tiepolo: The Apotheosis of the Spanish Monarchy (1980.363)".
	www.metmuseum.org /TOAH/hd/tiep/hod_1980.363.htm (161 words)

	Documents upon the Overthrow of the Spanish Monarchy 1807
		Documents upon the Overthrow of the Spanish Monarchy 1807
		Documents upon the Overthrow of the Spanish Monarchy.
		The present convention shall remain secret until the Two High Contracting Parties shall see fit to make it known; it shall be ratified, and the ratification thereof shall be exchanged within eight days or as much sooner as shall be possible.
	www.napoleon-series.org /research/government/diplomatic/c_spain.html (610 words)

	SPANISH MONARCHY
		The Spanish Constitution, which was unanimously approved by Parliament and voted by 87.8% of the citizens in a referendum held on 6 December 1978, provides in his article 1 for a Parliamentary Monarchy of the classical liberal European style, with certain peculiarities to take into account the Spanish situation.
		The stability of Spanish democracy has also benefited from an unconditional backing from the Crown.
		In restoring Monarchy in Spain King Juan Carlos I has shown intelligence and sensivity, to the point of placing the good name of the Monarchy at the highest level in modern Spanish history both among Spanish people and in other countries.
	personales.ya.com /fororeal/engl4.htm (502 words)

	Spanish in Spain
		Hunter students live with Spanish families in the heart of the city and study at the Universidad Antonio de Nebrija on the west side of the city where some of the oldest and most prestigious universities of Spain and Europe are located.
		This school is one of the finest, private universities in Spain, fully accredited by the Spanish government, as well as its professors, and recognized by more than forty universities in America and Europe.
		This is the second semester in the study of the Spanish Language.
	www.hunter.cuny.edu /psa/summer_05/spanishinspain.shtml (406 words)

	Spanish Abroad - The City of San Sebastian, Spain
		The latter plaza is tucked away in one of the oldest corners or "txokos" of the city, which contains not only a small ball court, but a special area used for the ever popular stone dragging competitions (oxen are used in this event).
		Close by, visit the Old Casino, once the summer residence of the Spanish Monarchy, and which today houses the Town Council.
		San Sebastián is an ideal destination for someone who wants to visit a part of Spain that is very different from the rest of the country.
	www.spanishabroad.com /prog_teen/cityg_sanseb/sanseb_city.htm (527 words)

	NGA - Spanish Painting in the Seventeenth Century (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Still life had only begun to be considered as an independent subject in the late 1500s, when it appeared in the North, Italy, and Spain more or less simultaneously.
		At the age of twenty-five Jusepe de Ribera settled in Naples, which was under the control of the Spanish crown.
		Diego de Velázquez devoted most of his career to strikingly innovative portraits of the Spanish monarchy and royal court.
	www.nga.gov /collection/gallery/gg30/gg30-over1.html (428 words)

	The Spanish Monarchy today
		Because she is divorced, many of the people that I interviewed disliked her and the fact that one day she would be their queen.
		She is the Honorary President of the Spanish Paralympics Committee where she has traveled to past Olympic games to support them.
		She is the Honorary President of the Spanish Committee of UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) and she is very active culturally and academically in Spain and all around the world.
	people.smu.edu /nfrankli/franklin.htm (691 words)

	Spanish Abroad - Madrid, Spain - City Guide - Museums
		The Prado houses one of the oldest and greatest collections of art in the world, containing all the finest works collected by the Spanish royals with more than 3,000 paintings in all.
		Also on the premises are a cinema that shows mostly art films in their original language, subtitled in Spanish, an excellent bookshop, library, restaurant, and café.
		This is the former house of Valencian painter Joaquin Sorolla, whose familiar Mediterranean beach scenes from the turn of the century are easily recognized and enjoyed by even the most novice of art lovers.
	www.spanishabroad.com /spain/Madrid/elemadrid/elemad_museums.htm (509 words)

	Royalty.nu - The History of Spain - The Spanish Royal Family
		The Resilience of the Spanish Monarchy 1665-1700 by Christopher Storrs.
		Monarchy, Political Culture and Drama in Seventeenth-Century Madrid: Theater of Negotiation by Jodi Campbell.
		Spanish popular theater is shown to favor the idea of reciprocal obligations between subjects and monarch.
	www.royalty.nu /Europe/Spain (2484 words)

	Why is the Spanish monarchy so popular? - Royal Blue Forums (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		It isnt the fault of the current spanish government for what the past spanish government did 5 centuries ago.
		If you consider popularity by their people terms,danish RF is actually more popular than the spanish RF.Q Margret achieves not less than 90% in each voting while K JC popularity isn't exceeded 70% or less.
		The Spanish do not revear people, it's just not in their character, but he is as close as they come to revearing a person.
	forums.rbhq.net /showthread.php?t=913 (2026 words)

	[No title]
		This course is primarily for students who are pursuing majors or minors in Spanish and seek to practice their language skills in a Spanish-speaking environment as they study the role the monarchy has played and continues to play in Spanish cultural history.
		Early Monarchies: The Visigoths, the Muslim Dynasties, the Medieval Kingdoms of Spain.
		Students will be living with Spanish families in Madrid, which will allow them to penetrate the reality of Spanish life and practice their Spanish language skills in a way that mere tourists cannot.
	www.roanoke.edu /ilfaculty/FROMYDRIVEIL/propKalinoski.doc (978 words)

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