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Topic: Spanish referendum on the European Constitution

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	Vote "no" in Spanish referendum on European Union constitution
		The project of European integration is conceived of by the European ruling elites as a means of making Europe’s major powers and transnational corporations competitive on the world arena against their American, Japanese and Chinese rivals by destroying the existing living standards and democratic rights of the working class.
		The European powers are desperate to secure a share in the new colonial-style redivision of the world’s resources epitomised by the illegal war of aggression waged by the US and its allies to seize control of Iraq’s oil and establish hegemony over the entire Middle East.
		It is not a constitution based on the rights of European citizens, but one that seeks to enshrine the rights of capital and the ruling elites over the working masses, whilst regulating relations between member states and the EU in order to develop a common economic strategy.
	www.wsws.org /articles/2005/feb2005/refe-f19.shtml (2405 words)

	Spanish referendum on the European Constitution - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		On 20 February 2005 a consultative referendum was held in Spain to ask whether the country should ratify the proposed Constitution of the European Union.
		While many felt that the result of the referendum was a foregone conclusion, it was feared that turnout could be as low as 40 to 50 % of the electorate.
		The result of the referendum was a landslide victory for the "Yes" campaign.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Spanish_referendum_on_the_Treaty_establishing_a_Constitution_for_Europe (587 words)

	French referendum on the European Constitution - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		On 29 May 2005 a referendum was held in France to decide whether the country should ratify the proposed Constitution of the European Union.
		France was the first country to reject the Constitution, and the second country to go to the polls in a referendum on ratification, after a Spanish referendum approved the treaty by a wide margin in February 2005.
		Another factor in the defeat of the Constitution may have been the linking of the Constitution in the minds of voters with the possibility of the accession of Turkey to the European Union, with which most of the French population disagrees.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/French_referendum_on_the_European_Constitution (1179 words)

	REFERENDUM ON THE RATIFICATION OF THE EUROPEAN CONSTITUTION IN SPAIN
		REFERENDUM ON THE RATIFICATION OF THE EUROPEAN CONSTITUTION IN SPAIN
		The referendum on the European Constitution is the second of its kind in democratic Spain in after the one on Spain remaining in NATO in 1986 (53.09% to remain and 40.3% against).
		The Spanish government granted a subsidy of nine million euros to all the political parties represented in Parliament independent of their position on the ratification of the European Constitution.
	www.robert-schuman.org /anglais/oee/espagne/referendum (1441 words)

	Europe: european constitution, a bumpy road after the Spanish referendum
		The European Constitution, a treaty that reforms the rules that hold the European Union together on economic, foreign and common defence policy, will be put to the vote in 10 referendums across Europe in the next 18 months.
		The focal points of the European constitution treaty for Europe’s elite are not the incorporation of the European Union’s Charter of Rights, which describes the rights and freedoms of every citizen of Europe, nor is it the passing reference to a "social Europe".
		In that sense the European constitution represents a legal framework for an imperialist EU block an an attempt to overcome the rivalry between the different European ruling classes in the pursuit of their specific interests on the world stage.
	www.socialistworld.net /eng/2005/03/01europe.html (2620 words)

	Real Instituto Elcano
		The referendum has neither served to open a new space of democratic participation for Spanish society, nor will it serve to export enthusiasm to the rest of the EU in regard to ratification of the Constitutional Treaty.
		At the national level, we have two very useful yardsticks, one at the constitutional level and the other in international politics: on the one hand we have the referendum for the Spanish Constitution in 1978 and on the other the referendum on Spain’s entry into NATO in 1986.
		European integration and the Constitutional Treaty, immediately unblocked by Prime Minister Rodríguez Zapatero, thus became the flagship of the Government’s turnaround in foreign policy.
	www.realinstitutoelcano.org /analisis/701.asp (2524 words)

	The Hindu : Opinion / Leader Page Articles : Europe's try for one Constitution
		This was the fourth referendum Spain has held since the restoration of democracy following the death in 1975 of dictator General Francisco Franco and although the favourable outcome was never in doubt, the vote divided opinion in the country's regional powerhouses of Catalonia in the northeast and the Basque region in the northwest.
		Spanish infrastructure has grown apace, the country now boasting 8,000 kilometres of motorways and highways criss-crossing the country, with official figures showing that EU development funds amounted to 40 per cent of the cost of building them.
		The Constitution must be approved by a majority of EU member-states between now and mid-2006, either by a referendum or by a vote of parliament.
	www.hindu.com /2005/03/01/stories/2005030100951000.htm (1194 words)

	Constitution - Ratification
		Referendum on the constitutional amendment is required if demanded by 1/10 from the members of one of the chambers, Art.
		Spanish Senate, Plenary debate regarding the ratification of the European Constitution, 18.05.2005, p.
		Spanish Parliament, Plenary debate regarding the ratification of the European Constitution, 28.04.2005.
	www.unizar.es /euroconstitucion/Treaties/Treaty_Const_Rat_spain.htm (1304 words)

	wais:spain: referendum on the eu constitutionFebruary 2005
		One might perhaps blame the low Spanish turnout on the EU Constitution on the potential feelings of abstainers that "A Yes vote is inevitable", or total disinterest in or lack of understanding about the nature of the referendum.
		European TV this morning reported that the Spanish referendum favoring the EU constitution passed easily.
		My own understanding is that many Spaniards found the Constitutional language to be difficult to follow and to apply to their situation; others still did not recognize the impact of EU membership on their situation.
	www.stanford.edu /group/wais/ztopics/week020105/spain_050201_referendum.htm (1286 words)

	REFERENDUM ON THE RATIFICATION OF THE EUROPEAN CONSTITUTION IN SPAIN
		In spite of its importance for the Union — the Spanish are the first Europeans to vote by referendum on the text — this referendum is purely consultative since the Constitution has to be ratified by both Chambers of Parliament (Cortes Generales).
		“The European Constitution is the guarantee of a democratic State, of the respect of legality since it defines Europe as a union of States and citizens, a definition that closes the door on hysterical desires for independence,” added the opposition leader.
		Under the banner of the Party of the European Left, all the members of which are against the European Constitution, the Communist Party, the United Left and Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya for their part held a meeting in favour of the ‘no’ vote on 29th January.
	www.robert-schuman.org /anglais/oee/espagne/referendum/default2.htm (1258 words)

	ISN Security Watch - Spain votes yes on EU constitution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Exit polls from Spain's referendum on the European constitution showed that 41.5 per cent of Spanish voters participated in the poll, with 78.5 per cent voting for the constitution and only 16.2 against.
		Spanish authorities were disappointed in the low voter turnout, especially in light of the massive public campaign to get the vote out.
		Spanish Prime Minister Jose Luis Rodriguez Zapatero said the “yes” vote was a message to other EU citizens to approve the constitution.
	www.isn.ethz.ch /securitywatch/details_print.cfm?id=10803 (364 words)

	EU Referendum
		This was, of course, before the EU constitutional referendum had been announced, but there was also another motion on the agenda, calling on the government not to sign the constitutional treaty.
		Campaigners opposed to the proposed European constitution are preparing a "softly softly" strategy to counter attempts by Tony Blair to turn the referendum on the issue into a wholesale vote on Britain's future role in Europe.
		The difference is that, constituted as the European Council, they represent the collective will of the European Union (in theory at least) while as an IGC they represent the interests of their member states.
	eureferendum.blogspot.com /2004_04_18_eureferendum_archive.html (12346 words)

	ICL - Spain Index
		The Constitution of 1978 allowed to develop a democratic, social, and regional state, whose only challenge was the intended military coup, hindered by the King in 1981.
		July 1999: Constitutional Court reverses the opinion of the highest court of november 1997, whereby the directive comitee of the basque nationalist party, Herri Batasuna, was imprisioned for collaborating with the terrorist Band ETA, and reestablishes the members of this comitee to their full constitutional rights.
		Nov 1997: The Spanish Parliament approves the "Government's Act" rugulating composition of the Cabinet and the respective competences of its members.
	www.oefre.unibe.ch /law/icl/sp__indx.html (774 words)

	News from Spain: European Constitution referendum in Spain
		The general lack of interest shown by an election-weary Spanish electorate in the European elections was actually underlined by the low attendance of MPs during yesterday's parliamentary debate.
		Zapatero intends to meet with all political parties to decide on a date for the referendum and to agree on the text of the question to be put to the Spanish electorate but yesterday's debate illustrated the fact that he will find it difficult to achieve consensus.
		Spain's Constitutional Court to be chaired by a wo...
	www.euroresidentes.com /Blogs/2004/06/european-constitution-referendum-in.htm (400 words)

	Friends of Europe - News detail (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		European politicians’ attention will turn to Spain this Sunday, as the country goes to the polls in the first referendum on the European Constitution.
		Despite all these efforts to attract Spanish voters’ attention, the most recent Eurobarometer results published in late January show that Spaniards do not seem to be that well informed about the Constitution.
		When a sample of Spanish voters were asked various questions on the subject, only 35% of their answers were correct.
	www.friendsofeurope.org /news_detail.asp?ID=199&page=det (388 words)

	As French voters go, so goes EU's constitution - The Boston Globe - Boston.com - Europe - News
		To those in favor, the constitution provides Europe the basis for a united stand to better position itself in the global economy and to challenge what is seen in many corners of Europe as the world hegemony of the United States.
		Detractors say the 460 articles of the proposed constitution are more akin to a manifesto crafted by an out-of-touch political elite that seeks to create a monolithic European superstate which, as they see it, would trample upon individual national sovereignty.
		The proposed constitution is a complex and rambling document that covers everything from adopting Beethoven's ''Ode to Joy" as the EU anthem to establishing a post of foreign minister and a rotating presidency.
	www.boston.com /news/world/europe/articles/2005/05/29/as_french_voters_go_so_goes_eus_constitution?pg=full (1171 words)

	ISSUE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		The Spanish media announced at the end of July that the referendum on the European Constitution would be held on 20 February 2005, finally the date will be on the 20th.
		The Spanish foreign minister agreed with representatives of the political parties the date of the referendum and the wording of the question.
		Spanish citizens will be asked a single question: “Do you approve the Treaty that will establish a Constitution for the European Union?”.
	www.iri-europe.org /news/files/011104/2.php (987 words)

	Airstrip One: British foreign policy as if the national interest mattered
		The European Commission is using the issue of security to advance its own agenda of integration and threatens to reduce the efficiency of such research through co-ordinating the planned and unplanned initiatives.
		Hence, the Presidents of Italy and Germany invoke the standard incantation before their publics that the European Constitution needs to be in place before the summer.
		However, the European elite has geared up to promoting the European Constitution as the answer to all of the problems of European integration, caused by Enlargement and the current structural niceties of the Amsterdam treaty.
	www.airstripone.blogspot.com /2004_03_01_airstripone_archive.html (6655 words)

	European No Campaign: December (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		December 21: Fresh impetus to Czech referendum - In Prague the three governing parties spoke out for a referendum on the EU Constitution to be held together with the general elections in 2006 Read more...
		December 20: Portugal's referendum further delayed - Its Constitutional Court has rejected the proposed wording of the question to be asked in its referendum on the EU Constitution.
		December 15: Referendum delay for Portugal - Portugal’s referendum on the European Constitution may be delayed because of a possible 20 February general election.
	www.europeannocampaign.com /354.99.html (387 words)

	Codex-Politics, europeen and international news and information
		The most important reason why Spaniards voted in favour, was to express their support for the European Union in general, the positive opinion about the Constitution text was the reason for 1 out of 4 people.
		A post-referendum Eurobarometer study amongst the Spanish population tried to figure out the factors why voters abstained and why they voted either in favour of the European Constitution or against.
		A very large majority of the respondents (89%) believe that the Constitution would make Spain stronger in the EU (despite concerns expressed beforehand about the system of voting in the Council), a similar proportion (88%) believe that it would strengthen democracy in the Union.
	www.codex-politics.com /pcodex/contents.nsf/WPrintArticles/F34F993E8D023F6FC2256FC80044294A (463 words)

	European dream on a knife edge - Irna (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Incidentally, it was the former French president V Giscard d'Estaing who chaired the Convention, the body that drafted the new European rule book, which defines the powers of the enlarged European bloc stating where it can and act and where the member state retain their right of veto.
		France is the second EU member to hold a referendum on the Constitution.
		A majority of European citizens is ignorant of the way the EU functions leaving them indifferent to the European bloc.
	www.irna.ir /en/news/view/menu-236/0505280370120640.htm (730 words)

	New Left Review - Jurgen Habermas: Why Europe Needs a Constitution
		A European constitution would enhance the capacity of the member states of the Union to act jointly, without prejudicing the particular course and content of what policies it might adopt.
		The Union may be seen as a laboratory in which Europeans are striving to implement the values of justice and solidarity in the context of an increasing global economy.
		The political substance of a European Constitution would consist of a definite answer to the issue of the territorial boundaries of the Union, and a not-too-definite answer to the question of how competences are to be distributed between federal and national institutions.
	newleftreview.org /A2343 (7488 words)

	Spain to vote on EU constitution - Wikinews
		Madrid - Spain today will be the first of the European Union nations over the next few years to vote on the treaty establishing a EU constitution.
		The referendum being held, one of 9 confirmed by member countries, is expected to draw 40 to 50% of Spain's 35 million voters.
		According to the Spanish Interior Ministry, all of the ballots being casted 77% have said "sí" (yes) to the treaty establishing a EU constitution.
	en.wikinews.org /wiki/Spain_to_vote_on_EU_constitution (402 words)

	European No Campaign: January (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		January 24: No referendum on Constitution in Belgium - The Belgian liberal prime minister, Guy Verhofstadt, has lost the political backing needed to have a referendum on the EU Constitution.
		January 21: EU responds to Constitution criticism with "totalitarian" move - The European Parliament is to establish a "rapid reaction force" to address unfair criticism of the European constitution.
		January 5: Spanish government begins propaganda blitz - Spain's government is beginning its campaign for the EU Constitution ahead of the referendum on 20 February.
	www.europeannocampaign.com /355.99.html (445 words)

	EU must reject anti-Americanism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		The referendum was intended to procure the approval of the Spanish people for a lengthy document that must be ratified by the 25 nations that form the European Union.
		But what should horrify any sensible person is the basic reason brandished by Spanish Prime Minister José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero to support the European Constitution: To strengthen a major political entity destined to balance and confront the present power of the United States and the potential development of China.
		This was said on Spain's official TV channel by none other than the president of the European Parliament, Josep Borrell, a Socialist engineer from Catalonia, a man with moderate leanings who is, however, a victim of an archaic, sectarian and dangerous way of interpreting international relations.
	www.firmaspress.com /488.htm (629 words)

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