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	Torpedo - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Bangalore Torpedo, invented in 1912, is a cylindrical explosive device on the end of a pipe used to clear minefields and barbed wire.
		A derivative of the compressed-air torpedo was the steam driven torpedo.
		In the case of deck or tube launched torpedoes, the diameter of the torpedo is obviously a key factor in determining the suitability of a particular torpedo to a tube or launcher, similar to the calibre of the gun.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Torpedo (2645 words)

	TORPEDO - Online Information article about TORPEDO
		Locomotive Torpedoes.—Though the spar torpedo had scored some successes, it was mainly because the means of defence against it at that time were inefficient.
		Now when a torpedo is discharged into the sea from a ship in motion, it has a tendency to deflect owing to the action of the passing water.
		Assuming now that the course of the torpedo is diverted by any cause, its axis will move or perform a certain angular motion with regard to the plane of the flywheel, which will have the same result as if we consider the conditions reversed, i.e.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /TOO_TUM/TORPEDO.html (3192 words)

	spar - definition by dict.die.net
		spar, G. sparkalk plaster.] (Min.) An old name for a nonmetallic mineral, usually cleavable and somewhat lustrous; as, calc spar, or calcite, fluor spar, etc. It was especially used in the case of the gangue minerals of a metalliferous vein.
		Spar deck (Naut.), the upper deck of a vessel; especially, in a frigate, the deck which is continued in a straight line from the quarter-deck to the forecastle, and on which spare spars are usually placed.
		Spar torpedo (Naut.), a torpedo carried on the end of a spar usually projecting from the bow of a vessel, and intended to explode upon contact with an enemy's ships.
	dict.die.net /spar (332 words)

	Encyclopedia: Torpedo
		In naval usage, the term "torpedo" was first used in the American Civil War to refer to tethered naval mines.
		Torpedoes are weapons that may be launched from submarines, surface ships, helicopters and fixed-wing aircraft.
		The three major torpedoes in the US Navy inventory are the Mark 48 heavyweight torpedo, the Mark 46 lightweight and the Mark 50 advanced lightweight.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Torpedo (620 words)

	Torpedo
		The British perfected the spar torpedo where an electronically fired explosive charge was placed on the end of a forty foot long spar that projected ten feet under water outward from the hull of the "attacking" vessel.
		The spar torpedo required the two vessels to be in extremely close proximity which posed considerable danger to the attacking vessel.
		The torpedo required the development of counter-measures, caused an alteration of tactics, and was useful as a weapon of terror.
	www.spanamwar.com /torpedo.htm (957 words)

	A History of the Torpedo The Early Days (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The Torpedo fish is an electric ray capable of delivering a stunning shock to its prey and in the eighteenth century an American, David Bushnell, first applied the name to a weapon of his invention.
		One torpedo invented during this period was propelled by an umbrella4ike contraption at the rear.
		In 1944 a torpedo was built in Britain that varied its depth by pushing the main battery to and fro to alter the position of the centre of gravity.
	www.btinternet.com /~philipr/torps.htm (8284 words)

	Newsletter 31 Spar Theories
		There are theories that the lower spar was braced with rigging lines and by a cross bow that ran perpendicular across the upper bow through the aperture shown and that a metal bracing bar might have run down to the lower spar to give it lateral stability.
		The towed torpedo was still the primary weapon at that point, as evidenced by the near disaster in January.
		I believe the 90lb torpedo on the Hunley was the size of the one towed behind her on the surface.
	www.thehunley.com /News/Newsletter/Newsletter_31/Newsletter_31_Spar_theories.htm (3094 words)

	seraphim proudleduck seraphims proudleducks
		Their new weapon was a torpedo in the modern sense, a streamlined cylinder with a propeller at the end that sped under the waves to a target.
		The prototype torpedo was powered by a reciprocating motor driven by a tank of compressed air at a pressure of 48 bars (700 PSI), and had a range of 180 meters at 11 KPH (200 yards at six knots).
		The torpedoes of the time had short range, and a torpedo boat would certainly be blown to splinters before it got within range during a daylight attack.
	www.toprankingcompany.com /invention-of-submarine.htm (7739 words)

	The Torpedo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Hunley's torpedo was a sealed canister with 90 to 130 lbs.
		Apparently the sub was originally designed to tow a torpedo and drag it into its target; but this method wasn't very effective.
		The torpedo was constructed out of a copper canister which contained the powder and fuse.
	www.charlestonillustrated.com /hunley/torpedo.htm (209 words)

	PC Strategy Games, Starships Unlimited and Battleship Chess, Download the FREE Demos (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Spar Torpedoes could be stuck in the mud of a river bottom to form the forerunner of the minefield.
		Robert Whitehead's prototype torpedo had a top speed of 6 to 8 knots and a range of 200 to 400 yards; so now the torpedo was off the spar forever.
		All in all the hit ratio was poor, most Torpedoes missed because they ran out of air before they reached their intended target, went under the target due to mis-set or malfunctioning balance chambers, hit but failed to detonate, or where just avoided by ships moving out of the oncoming torpedo tracks.
	www.apezone.com /bc_ddss.htm (1973 words)

	Newport and Navy Torpedoes - An Enduring Legacy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The spar torpedo that Cushing used to sink Albemarle saw use in several contemporary navies but suffered the disadvantage of requiring its operators to close their intended victim to within a spar’s length to set the explosive.
		By 1871, the Naval Torpedo Station at Newport had developed its own version of Whitehead’s weapon, the 17-foot long "Fish," and was experimenting with a series of other alternatives, including the Howell Automobile Torpedo, which in 1889 became the first self-propelled weapon issued to the Fleet.
		From the beginning, it was clear that the submarine and the torpedo were made for each other, and indeed, when the U.S. Navy took delivery of USS Holland (SS-1) in 1900, she came equipped with five 18-inch Whitehead torpedoes.
	www.chinfo.navy.mil /navpalib/cno/n87/usw/issue_7/newport.htm (1979 words)

	spar
		It is a proof of the splendid seamanship of Captain Fitz-Roy and his officers that she returned without having carried away a spar, and that in only one of the heavy storms that she encountered was she in great danger.
		She was fitted out for the expedition with all possible care, being supplied with carefully chosen spar s and ropes, six boats, and a "dinghy;"
		D'Argensons, personal friends, old school-fellows of the poor hunted man, who are willing he should have shelter from such a pack; and all French Ministers, clutching at every floating spar, in this their general shipwreck in Germany, are aware of the uses there might be in him, in such crisis.
	www.cooldictionary.com /words/spar.word (321 words)

	Confederate Ships--David (1863-1865?)
		CSS David, a 50-foot steam torpedo boat of "cigar-shaped" hull design, was privately built at Charleston, South Carolina, in 1863 under the supervision of David C.
		After being taken over by the Confederate States Navy, she made a daring spar torpedo attack on the Federal ironclad New Ironsides on the night of 5 October 1863.
		Note spar torpedo gear at the boat's bow (to the left) and damage to her hull side, amidships.
	www.history.navy.mil /photos/sh-us-cs/csa-sh/csash-ag/david.htm (478 words)

	U.S. Navy Torpedoes (part one)
		Twenty-one inch torpedoes were fine for large surface ships, but they were too heavy and too bulky for the torpedo boats, destroyers and especially the submarines of the day.
		Torpedo deliveries fell behind schedule, primarily due to a shortage of forgings for air flasks, and this was used to justify a new torpedo assembly plant, NTS Alexandria, which was commissioned in June 1919.
		Torpedoes were not important weapons for the US Navy during WW II simply because there were few surface targets at sea after the United States entered the war.
	www.geocities.com /Pentagon/1592/ustorp1.htm (4340 words)

	The FReeper Foxhole Studies The Early History of Torpedoes - December 21st, 2003 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The amount of torpedo hardware being generated was rapidly increasing, and during the first three decades of its existence, the torpedo station found itself in a race to build new physical facilities fast enough to keep up with expanding torpedo program requirements.
		The new torpedo boats were named the CUSHING class in honor of the Civil War hero Lieutenant William B. Cushing who sank the Confederate iron-clad warship ALBEMARLE with a spar torpedo.
		This torpedo which was produced in quantities of over 3300 units at the Naval Ordnance Park at Forest Park, IL served as the U.S. Navy’s primary submarine acoustic torpedo from the mid-1950’s until the Mk 48 torpedo replaced it in the early 1970’s.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-vetscor/1044346/posts (16594 words)

	Chapter Spanæmic <i>to</i> Spare of S by Webster's Dictionary (1913 Edition)
		An old name for a nonmetallic mineral, usually cleavable and somewhat lustrous; as, calc spar, or calcite, fluor spar, etc. It was especially used in the case of the gangue minerals of a metalliferous vein.
		a torpedo carried on the end of a spar usually projecting from the bow of a vessel, and intended to explode upon contact with an enemy's ships.
		A vessel equipped with spars that are too large or too small is said to be oversparred or undersparred.
	www.bibliomania.com /2/3/257/1210/24100/4.html (295 words)

	Ships of the World: An Historical Encyclopedia - - Glossary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		A fore-and-aft rig in which the primary sails abaft the mast are trapezoidal in shape: the bottom of the sail is attached to the boom, the luff (or forward edge) to the mast, and the head to a spar called a gaff.
		A triangular fore-and-aft sail set from a long spar attached to a short mast and found in traditional vessels of the Iberian Peninsula, Mediterranean, and Indian Ocean.
		A spar fastened to a mast perpendicular to the centerline of a vessel and from which square sails are set.
	college.hmco.com /history/readerscomp/ships/html/sh_000109_glossary.htm (2898 words)

	Lone Star Models 1/72 CSS David (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The torpedo boat approached undetected until she was within 50 yards of the blockader.
		Her torpedo detonated under the starboard quarter of the ironclad, throwing high a column of water that rained back upon the Confederate vessel and put out her boiler fires.
		The Hunley was rearmed with a spar torpedo, repairs were made, and a movie eventually made.
	www.internetmodeler.com /1999/october/ships/ship_david.htm (1374 words)

	USN Ships--Picket Boat Number One
		Is torpedoed and sunk by Lieutenant William B. Cushing's torpedo launch, at Plymouth, North Carolina, 27 October 1864.
		It depicts the successful spar torpedo attack by Lieutenant William B. Cushing and his crew on the Confederate ironclad Albemarle, at Plymouth, North Carolina, 27 October 1864.
		Photograph of a general arrangement drawing of the boat and its spar torpedo.
	www.history.navy.mil /photos/sh-usn/usnsh-p/pktbt1.htm (508 words)

	A Digressive Bloviation on Why Some Things are Called What They're Called
		In the American Civil War the submarine CSS Hunley scored the first qualified victory for a submarine when it used a spar torpedo, basically a bomb on the end of a long stick, to sink the USS Housatonic in Mobile Bay.
		I say it was a qualified victory because although the Hunley sank the Housatonic the spar torpedo's spar was a bit too short and the resulting explosion also sank the Hunley along with her entire nine man crew.
		Some of the original “torpedo boats”; launched their torpedoes by aiming the speedboat at the enemy vessel and then pushing the torpedo off the rear of the boat, which meant that the torpedo boat was now in front of the armed and running torpedo!
	www.glib.com /naval_names.html (585 words)

	Torpedo boats (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		She had a retractable spar torpedo in the bow, but was slow and unwieldy.
		The David was a class of semi submersible torpedo boats built in Charleston S.C. David attacked the USS New Ironsides on the night of 5 October 1863, causing moderate damage, but not enough to sink or disable the ship.
		The Squib was one of four torpedo boats (others were Hornet, Wasp and Scorpion) All four of the boats took part in the battle of Trent's Reach, 24 January 1865, where the Scorpion was damaged and captured by the Union Navy
	members.cox.net /ironmonger/torpedoboats.htm (164 words)

	NUWCDIVNPT History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		As a result of the American Civil War, armored ships, steam power plants, mines, spar torpedoes, explosive shells, and various other technological innovations, including the submarine, had been introduced as radical new concepts in conducting naval warfare.
		The Naval Torpedo Station as it appeared in 1880 on Goat Island in Newport.
		The Herreshoff spar torpedo boat LIGHTNING docked at the Naval Torpedo Station.
	www.npt.nuwc.navy.mil /History/history.htm (416 words)

	YourArt.com >> Encyclopedia >> Torpedo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		{{dablinkA torpedo in Rail terminology refers to a small explosive device strapped to the top of the rail to alert an approaching train of immediate danger ahead.}}
		during WWI.]] thumb200pxWWI [[Austrian battleship with torpedo nets.]]
		had gained recognition for its efficiency, and the first torpedo boat destroyers were built to counter it.
	www.yourart.com /research/encyclopedia.cgi?subject=/Torpedo (2596 words)

	CSS Scorpion
		CSS Scorpion was a Squib-class torpedo boat[?] procured late in 1864 by the Confederate States Navy[?] and armed with a spar torpedo fitted to her stem.
		On January 23 to January 25, 1865, torpedo boats Scorpion, CSS Hornet[?], and CSS Wasp[?], under overall command of Lieutenant C.W. Read, CSN, joined Flag Officer J.K. Mitchell's James River Squadron in the abortive attack on General Grant's main supply base at City Point, Virginia[?].
		Attempting to rejoin her consort, ironclad Richmond[?], aground above Trent's Reach, Scorpion ended up fast ashore also and was severely damaged by the magazine explosion which destroyed nearby gunboat CSS Drewry[?], January 24.
	www.fastload.org /cs/CSS_Scorpion.html (174 words)

	definition of torpedo boom
		Dictionary Home Add the "Word of the Day" to Your Site - it's Easy!
		A spar formerly carried by men-of-war, having a torpedo on its end.
		By, Carried, End, Formerly, Having, Men-Of-War, On, Spar, Torpedo
	www.brainydictionary.com /words/to/torpedoboom231146.html (44 words)

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