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	Sparging
		Sparging is the process of rinsing the fermentable sugars from the mash and collecting wort for the boil.
		The objectives of sparging are to collect as much sugar from the mash as possible while leaving behind as many undesirable compounds as possible, and to make the wort as clear as possible by trapping dust and husk particles called draff in the grain bed itself.
		Avoid sparge water temperatures in excess of 175° F, as this promotes the extraction of tannins from the grain and leads to a harsh, astringent flavor in the finished beer.
	www.northernbrewer.com /docs/html/sparging.html (870 words)

	Air Sparging
		Air sparging cannot be used to treat groundwater in a confined aquifer because the injected air would be trapped by the saturated confining layer and could not escape to the unsaturated zone.
		The placement and number of air sparge points required to address the dissolved phase plume is determined primarily by the permeability and structure of the soil as these affect the sparging pressure and distribution of air in the saturated zone.
		The ROI is defined as the greatest distance from a sparging well at which sufficient sparge pressure and airflow can be induced to enhance the mass transfer of contaminants from the dissolved phase to the vapor phase.
	www.epa.gov /swerust1/cat/airsparg.htm (1315 words)

	Sparging - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In chemical engineering it is commonly used as a method of removing a liquid from a solution by bubbling dry air through the solution.
		Sparging has another definition as the sprinkling of water.
		This definition is used in brewing, where it forms part of the lautering process, to describe the addition of water to the drained spent grain to extract remaining sugars into the wort.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sparging (334 words)

	How to Brew - By John Palmer - Getting the Wort Out (Lautering)
		Sparging is the rinsing of the grain bed to extract as much of the sugars from the grain as possible without extracting mouth-puckering tannins from the grain husks.
		Sparging means "to sprinkle" and this explains why you may have seen or heard discussion of "sparge arms" or sprinklers over the grain bed for lautering.
		The sparge water is gently added, as necessary, to keep the fluid at least at that level.
	www.howtobrew.com /section3/chapter17.html (830 words)

	In-situ method and apparatus for sparging gas bubbles - Patent 4360234
		The gas sparging unit as set forth in claim 1 wherein said casing comprises a generally vertically extending cylindrical sleeve with said first chamber and second chamber being located in axial alignment in said sleeve and with said conduit extending axially within said sleeve through said first and second chambers.
		The gas sparging unit as set forth in claim 4 wherein said casing comprises a generally vertically extending cylindrical sleeve with said first chamber and second chamber being located in axial alignment in said sleeve and with said conduit extending axially within said sleeve through said first and second chambers.
		The first chamber 20 of the gas sparging unit 10 includes an inlet opening 34 through which a lixiviant under pressure, such as for example, ammonia and ammonium sulfate or ferric sulphate, is supplied from a source as is shown by arrow 36.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4360234.html (5007 words)

	Paddock Wood - Articles - Malt and the Mash - Paddock Wood - Guide to Batch Sparging
		Sparging the mash — the practice of running clean hot water over the mash grain bed to maximize the extraction of sugar — is a relatively recent brewing innovation.
		The 1.020 rule of thumb with rinse sparging is a guideline of 'acceptable' flavour degradation, not of prevention of flavor degradation.
		Batch sparging offers a compromise between the efficiency of the sparge method and the flavour of the no-sparge brewing, and has many added benefits of simplification for the first timer or busy brewer.
	www.paddockwood.com /article_info.php?articles_id=4 (1426 words)

	Production of low cholesterol butter oil by vapor sparging - Patent 5092964
		Alternatively, after a high vacuum sparging, the temperature of the butter oil is lowered and the butter oil is sparged with steam for an additional period of up to about 3 hours to partially hydrolyze triglycerides to mono- and di-glycerides and free fatty acids.
		Thereafter, the temperature of the mass is reduced and the butter oil is sparged with steam at conditions sufficient to partially hydrolyze the triglycerides and form free fatty acids and mono- and di-glycerides.
		The less severe sparging conditions distill less of the desirable components and allow those components which have been vaporized to condense on the walls surrounding the vapor phase and be returned to the butter oil, rather than be carried out with the exhaust sparge medium.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5092964.html (4068 words)

	Sparging - BrewWiki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Sparging, also called lautering is a step at the end of the mashing process where hot water is run through the grain bed to extract a sweet liquid called wort.
		Sparging is best done slowly so that a maximum amount of sugar can be extracted from the spent grains.
		The sparged wort is transferred to a boiler where hops is added and the mixture boiled before cooling for fermentation.
	brewwiki.com /index.php/Lautering (304 words)

	TastyBrew.com \| Articles \| Cheap 'n' Easy Batch Sparge Brewing
		Sparging is the rinsing of the grain bed to extract as much of the sugar from the grain as possible without extracting mouth puckering tannins from the grain husks, says John Palmer (How to Brew, John Palmer 2nd Edition 2000, 2001).
		Because the buffering power of the grains in the mashtun is continually being diluted by the sparge water, it's necessary to monitor the pH of the runoff.
		Batch sparging is like partigyle brewing or the English method described in Palmer's How to Brew, but instead of a separate beer being made from each runoff, the runoffs are combined into a single batch.
	www.tastybrew.com /articles/dennyconn001 (2303 words)

	Tour - Sparging (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		I stop sparging when the runoff SG is under 1.010.
		Sparging efficiency is typically 78% (using SUDS numbers) for this system.
		For this session I left my sparge setup for an hour to play ball hockey, and came back to about 14.5 gals of run-off.
	www.strangebrew.ca /Drew/tour2.html (345 words)

	Blowerless Air Sparging - Advanced Groundwater Remediation
		In traditional air sparging, the nature and effectiveness of the interaction of the water and the air are unknown because the interaction happens in the aquifer under unknown conditions.
		In traditional air sparging, large quantities of air are forced out into the aquifer, where the air displaces the water from some fraction of the porosity of the aquifer, thus reducing the available flow paths for the water.
		The groundwater is pumped more vigorously than in a traditional air sparging approach, circulated several times through a large treatment zone established around the BAS well, and treated for removal of contaminants and saturation of the water with oxygen during each of several passes through the well.
	www.stevewilhelm.net /bas.htm (1567 words)

	Applications/Industries - Sparging - Chemical
		To counteract this problem, many railcars are now employing an air sparging system to allow the contents of the tank to be constantly mixed.
		Sparging valves inject air at high velocity to keep the contents in a fluid state.
		Red Valve's Air Sparging Valves are available in several sizes and rubber compounds to ensure compatibility and a long service life.
	www.redvalve.com /applications/chemical/Sparging.html (236 words)

	Batch Sparging
		With fly-sparging, also known as continuous sparging, the goal is to match the input of sparge water from the hot liquor tank to the runoff flowing into the kettle in order to maintain a constant volume of water in the mash tun.
		Another reason is that the sparge water may need to stay in contact with the grain for a length of time in order to dissolve the sugar sufficiently.
		First of all, acidifying the sparge water will have an overall effect of the mash pH, but that effect is difficult to quantify until the sparge water is actually infused with the mash and measured.
	www.bayareamashers.org /content/maindocs/BatchSparging.htm (1323 words)

	PNNL STOMP - Example Applications: Air Sparging (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		To advance the in-situ remediation technology 'air sparging' a consortium was set up consisting of the dutch engineering company 'Oranjewoud', the University of Twente, the Technical University of Delft, Shell, and the regional governments of Friesland and Gelderland.
		Oxygen partitioning from the gas to the aqueous phase is strongly influenced by imbibition and drainage in porous media.
		Gas saturation profiles during air sparging (Qinj=10 Nm3/hr) in a sandy homogeneous isotropic aquifer (K=1.5 hc m/day).
	stomp.pnl.gov /exampleApps/air_sparging.stm (396 words)

	Acid Sparge And Acid Sparging.
		The core of the sparge should be of a metal where if the Teflon sheath is holed, and product made contact with the metal, the corrosion rate would be slow and the sparge would still deliver a reasonable operating life.
		The hole in the mounting flange should be made substantially larger than the lined sparge to insure the Teflon is not damaged by forcing the sparge through a tight hole during installation.
		To prevent a vacuum forming in the sparge during during vessel pump-out a vacuum breaker is fitted.
	www.lifetime-reliability.com /tip_002.html (528 words)

	Hydro Geo Chem -- Environmental Consulting and Remediation Engineering
		In the sparging barrier approach, a sparging zone is created using vertical wells, horizontal wells, or trenches to inject air at a location where the contaminated groundwater will move through the sparging zone (Figure A).
		In principle, a trench sparging system should be highly effective and simple to operate because contaminated groundwater is physically and hydraulically constrained to move through the sparging zone.
		The dynamic sparging efficiency represents the effect of deviations from complete chemical equilibrium between the contaminated water and the sparge air on the sparging rate.
	www.hgcinc.com /summer97.htm (1631 words)

	MBAA TQ 2006 - Mash Filtration: Influence of Sparging Parameters on Wort Quality and Sparging Efficiency (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Sparging is the longest step of the mash filtration process, no matter which method of wort separation is used.
		Sparging is directly linked to brewhouse yield, since the goal of an efficiently run brewhouse is extract recovery.
		Some results, notably at high sparging flow rates or at higher sparging temperatures, are encouraging to allow cycle optimization and to consider future brewing processes.
	www.mbaa.com /TechQuarterly/Abstracts/2006/TQ-43-0058.htm (309 words)

	Batch Sparging your Beer - A brewing article on how to batch sparge`
		To continuous sparge a typical mash can take 60 to 90 minutes and during this time you must maintain the temperature of your sparge water in the 75 – 80 Celsius range to remove all converted sugars.
		Our original sparge volume needed was about 25 litres so we subtract the first top up of 5 litres which leaves us 20 litres of water to extract the sugars in the grains.
		It is important to maintain 75 – 80 celsius for the duration of the sparge.
	www.beersmith.com /batch_sparging.htm (1245 words)

	GW - Air Sparging
		In situ air sparging is developing into a widely used technology in the field of water contaminate removal.
		All in situ air sparging systems should be designed and operated to optimize volatilization and biodegradation processes and to minimize the probability of adverse consequences, such as off-site migration of vapor or contaminated ground water.
		One of the concerns regarding in situ air sparging is the potential for the volatile organic contaminants to disperse and accumulate in nearby basements of buildings.
	ewr.cee.vt.edu /environmental/teach/gwprimer/airsparg/airsparg.html (1582 words)

	Soil Vapor Extraction, Air Sparging, and Bioventing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Air sparging entails injection of compressed air into wells screened below the water table to strip volatile contaminants from ground water and promote aerobic biodegradation of organics in the aquifer.
		Bioventing is the periodic aeration of soil and ground water to stimulate aerobic biodegradation of organic contaminants in the subsurface, either by intermittent air sparging or intermittent SVE.
		This testing utilized a "sparge curtain" consisting of a 700-foot line of sparge wells along the Ohio River that stopped migration of volatile compounds to the river.
	www.appliedhydrology.com /soil.htm (507 words)

	BYO - Batch Sparging & Oxygen Limits: Mr. Wizard
		One of the reasons that brewers use batch sparging is for an increase in yield and it looks like this method has significantly increased the yield of your system.
		This is different than continuous sparging because, with continuous sparging, the only physical phenomenon driving the extract out of the grain bits is the difference in concentration between the liquid around the grain and the liquid in the grain.
		And it explains why batch sparging produces a better yield — the liquid around the grain is drained and replaced with water and the goodies inside the grain are driven by the increase in concentration gradient.
	byo.com /mrwizard/1074.html (1972 words)

	Mott Corporation -- Press Release/Mott's GasShield® Gasket Filters Protecting High Purity Components in Low Flow Gas
		Sparging is the direct injection of steam into a process, so it is also important to filter the steam.
		Examples of sparging that require steam filtration include bottling/packaging/canning processes, hot water preparation for domestic/industrial consumption, sanitary food/beverage/pharmaceutical processes, and heating liquids (such as soup).
		Rigid construction and high temperature capability of Mott porous metal materials are properties ideally suited to handle steam sparging and filtration at all temperature and pressure conditions.
	www.mottcorp.com /news/steam_sparging_04.htm (373 words)

	Question about Sparging. - Home Brew Forums
		once all the grains are in the strainer, then i start sparging (rinsing) with the sparge water until i could get as high a volume as i could w/out boil over worries (remeber to account for the addition of the extract).
		batch sparging is somewhat less efficient but if you batch sparge then you do drain all your mash water into the kettle (it is part of your wort).
		I think any sparging method that has you disturb the grain bed (transfering grain to another bucket) is a bad idea.
	www.homebrewtalk.com /showthread.php?t=3226 (1667 words)

	Batch sparging (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The "sparge" (comes after the initial drain off) needs to be about 170ish (or a hair less) so your grainbed keps in the 160's.
		Then, add ALL of the sparge water into the cooler @170 degree's, recirculate and open the spigot wide and collect all the rest of the wort...
		Or is this all trying to figure out sparging phase 1 and sparging phase 2 (if you tuns not big enough)...
	www.beersmith.com /forum/index.php?topic=697.15 (573 words)

	Lautering - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Sparging is bubbling water through the grain to extract sugars from the grain.
		English sparging drains the wort completely from the mash, after which more water is added, held for a while at 170F and then drained again.
		Home brewers typically use batch sparging, which is similar to English sparging, except that the second batch of water is only held long enough for the grain bed to settle, after which recirculation and draining occurs.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lautering (394 words)

	What is Soil Remediation?
		Air Sparging means pumping air into the saturated zone to help flush (bubble) the contaminants up into the unsaturated zone where the SVE extraction wells can remove them.
		For air sparging to be successful, the soil in the saturated zone must be loose enough to allow the injected air to readily escape up into the unsaturated zone.
		SVE and Air Sparging may be good choices at sites contaminated with solvents and other volatile organic compounds (such as trichloroethane, trichloroethylene, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene) and fuels.
	www.fliteway.com /pages/whatissoilremediation.html (943 words)

	hist-brewing: period sparging
		Angus: Sparging is the step where one runs hot water through the mashed grains to rinse the wonderful sugars out of them into the embryonic liquid called wort for the little yeasties to eat.
		Digby talks about bottom mashing, but not sparging, and this was a major innovation that changed the industry.
		Also, there is a specialized piece of equipment needed for sparging in larger quantities, and a cloth sleeve will not work.
	www.pbm.com /pipermail/hist-brewing/1999/004441.html (615 words)

	Homebrew: Sparging
		Sparging is rinsing the mashed grains with water to get the sugar out of the grain husks and into the beer.
		The first runnings of cloudy wort are carefully jugged back on top of the grains before directing the flow into the boiler.
		Then the sparge water is turned on; as soon as the boilers element is covered I switch it on.
	homepage.ntlworld.com /jim.dunleavy/sparging.htm (187 words)

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