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Topic: Spark chamber

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	What is a Spark Chamber?
		However the spark chamber is still of great scientific value in that it remains relatively simple and cheap to build as well as enabling an observer to view the paths of charged particles.
		Spark chambers in real research, would, for example often be used in conjunction with a large magnetic field, which would deflect particles.
		Below is a brief history of the milestones in the development of the spark chamber, which hopefully give an insight into the key stages which occurred in the development of the spark chamber as a particle detector.
	www.ep.ph.bham.ac.uk /general/SparkChamber/text1hh.html (422 words)

	Spark plug - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Spark plugs have an insulated center electrode which is connected by a heavily insulated wire to an induction coil or magneto circuit on the outside, forming, with a grounded terminal on the base of the plug, a spark gap inside the cylinder.
		The metal case of the spark plug bears the torque of tightening the plug, serves to remove heat from the insulator and pass it on to the cylinder head, and acts as the ground for the sparks passing through the center electrode to the side electrode.
		Spark plugs are typically designed to have a spark gap which can be adjusted by the technician installing the spark plug, by the simple mechanism of bending the ground electrode slightly to bring it closer to or further from the center electrode.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Spark_plug (2825 words)

	AllRefer.com - spark chamber (Physics) - Encyclopedia
		spark chamber, in physics, device for recording the passage of elementary particles produced by reactions in a particle accelerator.
		As a result, sparks jump between adjacent, oppositely charged plates and the trail of sparks left by the particle is seen as a series of dashes.
		Spark chambers can be highly automated, with data collected and stored electronically instead of photographically, as is necessary with the bubble chamber.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/S/sparkcha.html (316 words)

	Patent 4507589: Low pressure spark gap triggered by an ion diode
		This spark gap "switch" is returned to its "open" position either by permitting the ionized seed gas to recombine back into its initial electrically neutral state, or by removing the seed gas left in the chamber and introducing a new charge of gas.
		Dimensions of the cylindrical spark gap apparatus to be fabricated and tested are as follows: 10 inch outside diameter (OD) for housing top 8, 16 inch OD for plate chamber 26, and an overall height of 16 inches as measured from the top to the bottom of housing wall 10.
		In the chamber 12, trigger cavity 13 is defined in the space between ion plate 30 and cathode 17; central cavity 11 is defined inside the shell comprising cathode 17.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4507589.html (4685 words)

	Reading Spark Plugs
		In the "surface-fire" plug the spark gap was between the center electrode and the flanged-inward end of the metal shell, and the insulator material filled its interior out almost flush with the electrode's tip.
		When the initial spark is correctly timed the spreading flame bubble will have almost completely filled the combustion chamber as the piston reaches top center, and all burning will have been completed by the time the piston has moved just a millimeter or two into the power stroke.
		Retard the spark timing in small (two or three degrees) increments and as you get close to the optimum advance you'll find two things happening: first, the whole plug will be running colder; second, the center electrode will begin to acquire a film of fuel deposits extending out from the insulator nose toward its tip.
	www.nightrider.com /biketech/readplugs.htm (4716 words)

	spark chamber - Encyclopedia.com
		spark chamber in physics, device for recording the passage of elementary particles produced by reactions in a particle accelerator.
		As a result, sparks jump between adjacent, oppositely charged plates and the trail of sparks left by the particle is seen as a series of dashes.
		Spark chambers can be highly automated, with data collected and stored electronically instead of photographically, as is necessary with the bubble chamber.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc.aspx?id=1E1:sparkcha (1420 words)

	Exhibit Cross Reference - Spark Chamber (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The chamber is a series of 1/4" aluminium plates seperated with insulating spacers about 1" apart.
		A Helium and Neon gas mixture is slowly passed through the chamber at a slightly positive pressure.
		The cosmic rays cause a flash of light which is detected by the photomultomultiplier tubes which are hooked to a discrminator and coincidence circuit which triggers a Thyraton circuit which applies the High Voltage (14,500 volts) to the chamber within 0.5 microsecond resulting in visible conduction paths along the ionization paths of the particles.
	www.exploratorium.edu /xref/exhibits/spark_chamber.html (137 words)

	Champion Spark Plugs
		The length of the threaded portion of the spark plug, as measured from the end of the threaded area to the seat, varies from.375" to.750".
		Spark plugs with small diameter center electrodes (.050") were originally designed to improve starting and anti-fouling characteristics in small two-stroke engines such as snowmobiles, chain saws, and dirt bikes.
		The words "hot" or "cold," when used in referencing spark plugs, are often a source of confusion and misunderstanding, since normally a hot spark plug is used in a cold engine (low horsepower) and a cold plug in a hot engine (high horsepower).
	www.edelbrock.com /automotive/sparkplugs.html (1370 words)

	Spark chamber
		The spark chamber is made up for example of a number of metal plates arranged in parallel with a voltage of some thousand volts between each other.
		The ionizing radiation leads to spark formation between the plates along the path of radiation through the chamber.
		The spark trace can be registered photographically or electronically.
	www.euronuclear.org /info/encyclopedia/s/spark-chamber.htm (80 words)

	CGRO EGRET (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The upper spark chamber assembly consists of 28 spark chamber modules interleaved with twenty-seven 0.02 radiation length plates in which the gamma ray may convert into an electron pair.
		The lower spark chamber assembly, between the two time-of-flight scintillator planes, allows the electron trajectories to be followed, provides further information on the division of energy between the electrons, permits seeing the separation of the two electrons for very high energy gamma-rays, and shows the entry points of the electrons into the NaI detector.
		Spark chamber measurements of Coulomb scattering in the thin plates and position information in the spark chamber system also aid in the energy determination.
	astroa.physics.metu.edu.tr /~emrah/egret.html (958 words)

	Spark Chamber Project
		A spark chamber is a construction of metal plates placed in a sealed box.
		Since the trajectory is assumed to be a straight line, we use the data from the top spark and the bottom spark to retrieve the trajectory.
		User guide for the spark chamber PS version (134 kb) PDF version (140 kb).
	dpnc.unige.ch /users/arobic/Sparkchamber/Spark_Chamber.html (305 words)

	SAE Smartplug Report
		The chamber is assumed to be a cylinder of uniform diameter and a length chosen to match the desired characteristics for the engine in question.
		Since the pressure in the chamber and the cylinder are equal and the change in pressure is proportional to the change in volume, then the change in volume of the gas spring will be proportional to the change in volume of the cylinder.
		Since the pressure in the chamber is equal to the pressure in the cylinder at any point in time, the compression ratios of chamber and that of the cylinder must also be equal as well.
	www.automorrow.com /articles/splugsae.html (6488 words)

	The Pair Telescope (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The pair telescope is a technology which in its original form as a spark chamber was borrowed directly from the world of high-energy physics.
		With the advent of the large, sophisticated spark chambers such as COS-B and EGRET, high-energy gamma-ray astronomy has gone from being a discipline for instrumental specialists to being an integrated part of multiwavelength astronomy.
		Spark chamber instruments are wide field-of-view instruments with collecting area out to 30 or 40 degrees from the center of the field-of-view.
	imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov /docs/science/how_l2/pair_telescopes.html (1104 words)

	Miller's spark chamber experiment
		The atmosphere above the water and in the spark chamber is controlled.
		The condenser removes the chemicals from the spark chamber, and they accumulate in the trap.
		Miller’s chamber can create between 0 and 10 of the 20 (the number created depends on the gases used in the atmosphere).
	theory-of-evolution.net /chap9/protein-amino-acids-in-Miller-spark-chamber-4.php (274 words)

	Reading and Selecting Spark Plugs
		It conducts a spark that is generated in the ignition coil into the combustion chamber and provides a gap for that spark to jump across.
		When a spark plug provides these three basic items, it is then capable of initiating the combustion process, There is a large amount of technology which goes into the design and manufacture of a spark plug that meets these requirements and provides long life and superior engine performance.
		The spark plug is the correct heat range and was a victim of the engine's condition, not the cause of it.
	www.nightrider.com /biketech/spkplghnbook.htm (1844 words)

	Spark Plugs
		In identical spark plugs, the differences from one heat range to the next is the ability to remove approximately 70°C to 100°C from the combustion chamber.
		Bearing in mind that the insulator nose length is a determining factor in the heat range of a spark plug, the longer the insulator nose, the less heat is absorbed, and the further the heat must travel into the cylinder head water journals.
		You see, the larger the spark kernel that is generated by the spark jumping the electrode gap, the more complete burn, the better power and efficiency and the smoother the car will run for longer periods of time.
	www.centuryperformance.com /spark.asp (4117 words)

	Spark Chamber (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Spark Chamber: After moving down, I tinkered in a band for a short while, met Hassib, and we started a new band.
		We played together in a band called Spark Chamber for three and a half years, until March 1998, when we called it splits.
		Spark Chamber released a demo ("Spark Chamber & POP"), a split seven inch record with Machete ("ISH"/"3HP"), and a 150 free cassettes ("Post Hummus" e.p.), went on a mini-tour, crashed a van, and lived.
	www.bigdis.com /scrambled/spark (145 words)

	German Motor Cars -Detonation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Detonation is the spontaneous combustion of the end-gas (remaining fuel/air mixture) in the chamber.
		In a four valve engine with a pent roof chamber with a spark plug in the center, the chamber is fairly uniform in distance around the spark plug.
		Spark plugs must cold start at -40 degrees F. (which calls for hot plugs that resist fouling) yet be capable of extended WOT operation (which calls for cold plugs and maximum heat transfer to the cylinder head).
	www.germanmotorcars.com /Detonation.htm (5709 words)

	Spark-chamber detector - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A spark-chamber detector is a particle detector, that is, a device used in particle physics for detecting electrically charged particles.
		It was most widely-used in the 1970s, and has since been superseded by more sophisticated detectors such as drift chambers and silicon detectors ; however, spark chambers are still of scientific value due to their relative simplicity.
		Spark-chamber detectors are generally less accurate than bubble-chamber detectors ; however, they can be made highly selective with the help of auxiliary detectors, thus proving useful in searching for very rare events.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Spark-chamber_detector (115 words)

	spark chamber
		In combination with a stack of condenser plates, a spark chamber enables the point where an interaction has taken place to be located, to within a cubic centimetre.
		At its simplest, it consists of two smooth threadlike electrodes that are positioned 1–2 cm/0.5–1 in apart, the space between being filled with a mixture of neon and helium gas.
		Sparks jump through the gas along the ionized path created by the radiation.
	www.tiscali.co.uk /reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0029024.html (159 words)

	spark chamber -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		The most common technique is to photograph the visible traces of such tracks in bubble or spark chambers with special camera and lens arrangements.
		The cylinder of a steam engine (q.v.) is closed by plates at both ends, with provision for the piston rod, which is rigidly attached to the piston, to...
		The space between the sides of the cylinder and the edges of the piston is sealed with piston rings, and friction is reduced by introducing lubricating oil along the cylinder wall.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article?tocId=9069004 (928 words)

	ESA Science & Technology: Instruments
		The Spark Chamber was a 30 kg vessel.
		The Spark Chamber was to convey a pulse of 10 million watts in 0.2 millionths of a second.
		The tracks in the Spark Chamber left by the electron-positron detected are transmitted to ground.
	hubble.esa.int /science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=31471 (581 words)

	Juergen Rose: A Spark Chamber (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		With the help of a Spark Chamber on earth ground it is possible to visualize traces of secondary particles of cosmic rays.
		Those chambers are well known from devices in which the direction of incident g-photons are reconstructed from the tracks of the charged particles through the chamber.
		These certain located counters around the periphery of the Chamber detect highly charged particles and in cases of time-coherent pulse detections, for example of three counters (see coincidence circuit in switching on the generator) we are able to stimulate visible shower of sparks, see fig.3.
	www.berlinersternfreunde.de /mitglieder/juergenrose/sparkchamber.htm (482 words)

	FORDMUSCLE.com web-magazine - How To Index Spark Plugs
		The object of indexing spark plugs is to ensure that a spark plugs ground electrode is not positioned in such a way where it is shielding the spark from the fuel/air charge or impeding the flame front as it travels away from the spark plug into the chamber.
		The ideal position of the plug in the head is such that the gap is facing towards the valves, so that the spark is fully visible to, and aimed at, the center of the combustion chamber.
		The object of indexing is to avoid this problem: when this plug fires the spark is directed towards the chamber wall, rather than the center of the combustion chamber.
	www.fordmuscle.com /archives/2000/07/indexplugs/index.shtml (1249 words)

	Ann Arbor Area Chamber of Commerce
		The Ann Arbor Area Chamber, located in Ann Arbor, MI, is the largest business advocacy organization in Washtenaw County with more than 1,400 members, 14 staff, 13 committees and task forces and more than 200 volunteers.
		The vision of the Chamber is to be an organization that will effect positive change to ensure a sustainable economic, social and a natural environment for current and future generations.
		The Ann Arbor Area Chamber of Commerce is an excellent resource for business, relocation and visitor information and can assist residents in finding jobs in the Ann Arbor area and gaining information on local businesses.
	www.annarborchamber.org (597 words)

	AllRefer.com - spark chamber Information
		At its simplest, it consists of two smooth threadlike electrodes that are positioned 1–2 cm/0.5–1 in apart, the space between being filled with a mixture of neon and helium gas.
		Sparks jump through the gas along the ionized path created by the radiation.
		The sparks mark out the path of the charged particle.
	www.allrefer.com /spark-chamber (213 words)

	PIRA 7D30.00 PARTICLE DETECTORS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		An expansion cloud chamber mounted in a lantern projector.
		A large chamber supersaturated with alcohol vapor is cooled with an alcohol/dry ice bath at the bottom.
		A glycol cloud chamber is heated at the top and cooled with running water at the bottom.
	www.physics.ncsu.edu /pira/7modern/7D30.html (800 words)

	Instructions for Operating the Spark Chamber Part 1 GAS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Either of the free ends of the "T" piece on the chamber input should be connected to the flexible metal pipe on the cylinder and other to the plastic pipe on the pump.
		Open the green valve to the chamber and again turn the "open/close" knob on the regulator so that gas is delivered to the chamber.
		The best sparks are seen if you stop at about half way so the "vacuum" is roughly 15 inches of mercury.
	www.phy.bris.ac.uk /research/pppages/spark_cham_instr.html (844 words)

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