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	Spartacist League - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Spartacist League (Spartakusbund in German) was a left-wing Marxist revolutionary movement organized in Germany during and just after the politically volatile years of World War I, founded by Rosa Luxemburg (nicknamed "Red Rosa") and Karl Liebknecht along with others such as Clara Zetkin.
		Its greatest period of activity was during the German Revolution of 1918, when it sought to incite a revolution similar to that of the Bolsheviks in Russia by circulating illegal subversive publications, such as the newspaper Spartacus Letters.
		After the Russian Revolution of 1917, the Spartacists decided to agitate for a similar course, a government based on local workers' councils (soviets) in Germany.
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /spartacist_league.htm (711 words)

	"Third IC Conference: Defeat for World Trotskyism" - Account of Spartacist’s expulsion from the International ...
		Spartacist editor James Robertson, a delegate to the conference, excused himself from one afternoon session, and refused later to "confess" that his absence was either a violation of principle or the expression of "petty-bourgeois American chauvinism." His failure to make the "proper apology" was deemed a departure from democratic centralism.
		Spartacist came to the conference because we were in basic political agreement with the main positions published by the International Committee.
		The revolutionary conviction of Spartacist is based, not on euphoric optimism, but on confidence in the working class with the leadership of a revolutionary vanguard party to become conscious of its mission to liberate society from the stranglehold of capital.
	www.bolshevik.org /history/ICL/Third%20IC%20Conference%20Defeat.html (1344 words)

	International Communist League (Fourth Internationalist) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Spartacist is published in four languages as the official theoretical journal of the ICL.
		Initially the Spartacists sought to intervene in the Civil Rights protests, on the basis of their support for the idea of revolutionary integrationism, but as small as they were this activity foundered.
		The IBT also claims that the Spartacists have degenerated into an "obedience cult" centered around Robertson, but anti-cult organizations such as the American Family Foundation have never taken a that the Spartacists are a political cult.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/International_Communist_League_(Fourth_Internationalist) (1871 words)

	Spartacist and the labor bureaucracy
		Spartacist hailed the 1979 Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, called on the Stalinist bureaucracy to shoot down workers in Poland to crush the Solidarity movement in 1981, and supported the failed Stalinist coup in Moscow in August 1991.
		Spartacist singled out one passage in the IWB comment which exposed the attempt of UAW President Stephen Yokich and other union officials to use the workers who went back to work in the course of the 18-month walkout as scapegoats for their own sabotage of the strike.
		Spartacist is the most glaring example of the political trajectory followed by all the middle class ex- radical political tendencies in relation to the trade unions.
	www.wsws.org /public_html/prioriss/iwb2-26/spart.htm (1749 words)

	P6 I. On the national question
		For decades the Spartacist League was distinguished by its indifference toward the masses in the oppressed countries, and it repeatedly adopted positions which, despite their ultra-left verbiage, lined the organization up with the US State Department.
		Spartacist begins exclusively from the confines of the national state framework, and consequently its political line invariably lines up with the class interests of the petty-bourgeoisie and the bourgeoisie.
		Spartacist writes: "In a sense, North and Co. have recreated and adopted the Stalinist caricature of Trotskyism, that international socialist revolution means simultaneous revolutions in all major capitalist countries, both advanced and backward." (emphasis in original).
	www.wsws.org /exhibits/slreply/part6-1.shtml (7500 words)

	Spartacist League - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		This article is about the Spartacist League which existed in post-First World War Germany.
		The Spartacist League (Spartakusbund in German) was a left-wing Marxist revolutionary movement organized in Germany during and just after the politically volatile years of World War I, founded by Rosa Luxemburg (nicknamed "Red Rosa") and Karl Liebknecht.
		The remains of the Spartacist League continued as the Communist Party of Germany (KPD).
	www.open-encyclopedia.com /Spartacist_League (663 words)

	The Spartacist Uprising
		The aims of the Spartacist's were outlined in their Manifesto:
		On January 1st, 1919, members of the Spartacist movement rose in an attempted revolution.
		Initially this move was opposed by both Liebnecht and Luxemburg, the leaders of the movement.
	www.schoolshistory.org.uk /ASLevel_History/spartacistuprising.htm (554 words)

	Spartacist (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Spartacist League a Trotskyist organization that exists in serveral countries.
		Spartacist Uprising of Nineteen Nineteen and the Crisis of the German Socialist Movement: A Study of Political Theory and Party Practice
		Triumvirat was thought of as a clone of ELP, which may or may not be a fair comparison, but at least two of their albums (Illusions on a Double Dimple, and Spartacus) stand on their own as quintessential progressive rock albums of the 1970s.
	www.freeglossary.com /Spartacists (240 words)

	P7 I. Spartacist and Stalinism
		As we have already seen, Spartacist's elevation of the role of armed force to the principal motor of history is a hallmark of its petty-bourgeois politics.
		Spartacist describes the Soviet Union as having been "the second strongest state in the world," as if this should be a source of great pride to Marxists, who, on the contrary, associate the realization of socialism not with powerful states, but rather with the progressive dismantling of the state itself.
		Spartacist's appeal for the use of "unconditional military" methods in defense of the Soviet Union and the other mentioned states was not directed to the working class, and this group certainly possessed no means of executing this tactic itself.
	www.wsws.org /exhibits/slreply/part7-1.shtml (2975 words)

	Spartacist League - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Spartacist League (Spartakusbund in German) was a left-wing Marxist revolutionary movement organized in Germany during and just after the politically volatile years of World War I.
		Besides their opposition to what they saw as an imperialist war, Luxemburg and Liebknecht maintained the need for revolutionary methods, in contrast to the leadership of the SPD, who had decided to participate in the parliamentary process.
		Communists of the Spartacist League fighting in the streets of Berlin during the German Revolution 1918-1919
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Spartacist_League (686 words)

	Spartacist and Scargill
		Spartacist's particular attraction to Scargill is based on their mutual identification of socialism with Stalinism.
		Spartacist rushed to defend Capstick after the latter made the slanderous charge that the SEP was linked to the CIA.
		Spartacist, like the rest of the middle class opportunists around the SLP, seeks "a hearing" not from the masses, but from the union bureaucracy.
	www.wsws.org /public_html/prioriss/iwb1-27/spart.htm (538 words)

	Encyclopedia: Spartacist League
		In December of 1918, the League joined the Comintern and renamed itself the Communist Party of Germany (usually abbreviated "KPD", for Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands); on January 1, 1919, the Spartacist League/KPD executed a short-lived Communist revolution in Berlin (against the protests of Luxemburg and Liebknecht), which was easily crushed by nationalist elements.
		Karl Liebknecht (August 13, 1871 - January 15, 1919) was a German socialist and a co-founder of the Spartacist League and the Communist Party of Germany.
		This occurred against the advice of Luxemburg, who argued that an uprising was premature since the Spartakusbund was too weak and not enough of the working class had come over to its side.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Spartacist-League (2106 words)

	The Spartacists
		The Spartacists, lead by Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht, were a group of radical socialists who found 'fame' in the first few months after the November Armistice when Germany experienced its so-called 'Revolution'.
		The Spartacists were named after Spartacus who led a revolt by slaves against the might of the Romans in 73 B.C. The Spartacists were actually founded in the summer of 1915 when both Luxemburg and Liebknecht left the SDP because of the party's support for Germany's participation in the First World War.
		The political philosophy of the Spartacists was determined by Rosa Luxemburg who wrote the "Junius Pamphlet" whilst serving a prison sentence in Germany.
	www.historylearningsite.co.uk /spartacists.htm (398 words)

	A Summary Description of the Papers of the Spartacist League
		Spartacist League: originally formed as the "Revolutionary Tendency" of the Socialist Workers Party (SWP), the Spartacist League was formed in 1964 when they were expelled from the SWP for not supporting the Cuban revolution, as well as opposing the SWP's part in the "revisionist" United Secretariat of the Fourth International (USFI).
		The Spartacist League suffered two large splits: the first being the formation of the International Bolshevik Tendency in 1985 and in 1996 a group formed by the expelled SL newspaper editor, Jan Norden (known as the Internationalist Group).
		March 1978 to the present: At the beginning of this period the Spartacist League/Britain (SL/B) was founded in a fusion between the LSG and the Trotskyist Faction (TF) of the Workers Socialist League.
	www.warwick.ac.uk /services/library/mrc/ead/275col.htm (586 words)

	Spartacist expels leading members - A demoralized response to the breakup of Stalinism
		Spartacist claimed that Norden was holding back the bills to conceal that he was phoning the group's enemies, while Norden countered that the group's sole motive for demanding his phone records was to stage an internal witch hunt against its own members.
		In a March 1996 document Spartacist writes: "Moscow station [this term, drawn not from the lexicon of Marxism, but rather the terminology of the CIA and John LeCarre, reveals much about the way Spartacist sees its overseas operations] is a prime example of an ICL outpost with no prospects for growth any time soon....
		In combating such tendencies as Spartacist, the Socialist Equality Party seeks to provide workers, students and others who are searching for a socialist political alternative with an understanding of the fundamentally opposed class interests that separate Marxism from the middle class radicalism which this group epitomizes.
	www.wsws.org /polemics/1996/oct1996/spart.shtml (3121 words)

	Declaration of Principles of the Spartacist League
		The Spartacist League of the U.S. is a revolutionary organization which, as part of the international revolutionary movement, is committed to the task of building the party which will lead the working class to the victory of the socialist revolution in the United States.
		The Spartacist League is the continuator of the revolutionary heritage of the early Communist Party and the Socialist Workers Party.
		The Spartacist League fundamentally opposes the Maoist doctrine, rooted in Menshevism and Stalinist reformism, which rejects the vanguard role of the working class and substitutes peasant-based guerrilla warfare as the road to socialism.
	www.bolshevik.org /history/ICL/Tr-slpr.htm (2499 words)

	International Communist League (Fourth Internationalist) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The most prominent section of the international is in the United States, and there are smaller sections in Mexico, Canada, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Japan, South Africa, Australia, Greece and the United Kingdom.
		The origins of the group are to be found in a group of left wing youth recruited to the American Socialist Workers Party in the late 1950's from the led by Max Shachtman which was then about to dissolve in order to join the Socialist Party USA.
		Nonetheless they still stressed their loyalty to the ICFI and attended that body's conference held in Leeds, England in 1966 only to find themselves excluided from its ranks.
	www.lighthousepoint.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/International_Communist_League_(Fourth_Internationalist) (1190 words)

	Spartacist League - OpenWiki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Spartacist League is the American section of the International Communist League.
		The roots of the Spartacist League are a tendency within the Socialist Workers Party (SWP) which was called the Revolutionary Tendency.
		The Spartacist League had a founding conference in 1966, which adopted the Declaration of Principles of the Spartacist League.
	www.infoshop.org /wiki/index.php?title=Spartacist_League&printable=yes (335 words)

	BULLETIN OF THE EXTERNAL TENDENCY OF THE iSt No. 4
		The Spartacist League today, crippled by years of suppression of any and all dissident opinion, has lost the capacity to correct the errors of the leadership as it begins to attack the programmatic foundations of the movement.
		As the Spartacist League decomposes into Yuri Andropov Brigades, Susanna Martin Choirs, Fritz Mondale Defense Squads and Red Avengers in its plunge toward political irrelevance, it is left to the External Tendency to struggle to ensure that the heritage which the SL carried forward from Cannon's SWP is not lost.
		We are former supporters of the Spartacist League who in the past were involved in a leading way, in one capacity or another, in trade-union work on the basis of the Trotskyist program as then espoused by the SL.
	www.bolshevik.org /ETB/ETB4/ETB4.htm (18991 words)

	Spartacist League Trotskyists on China: a Maoist Review
		The Spartacist upholds the typical Trotskyist line that China is a deformed workers state: something that is not capitalism but is also not socialism.
		In fact, this article in the Spartacist does a good job of describing many of the conditions in China that distinguish it as a state capitalist country, and many of the changes that were implemented under Deng Xiaoping to change the production relations from socialist to state capitalist.
		The Spartacist article details some of the evidence that the people in China have no control over the means of production and that in fact a few people are benefiting from the state control.
	www.etext.org /Politics/MIM/wim/wyl/trots/spartschina.html (3887 words)

	Popular Front - Critique of Spartacism
		The IBT is a splinter group from the Spartacists, who are nowadays widely known and loathed as one of the most bizarre, unsavoury and cultist organisations on the international left.
		This was directly opposed to the analysis of the IBT leadership, which locates the cause for the Spartacists' degeneration purely in the personal foibles and (largely organisational) mistakes within an allegedly broadly revolutionary framework made by the Spartacists' historic leader, James Robertson, in the late 70s.
		Its explanation of the Spartacists' degeneration is apolitical and unsystematic, and locates the cause in the personal corruption of individuals, not the political break of the organisation from Trotskyism.
	members.aol.com /RevolutionTruth/popfront.htm (7453 words)

	Spartacist League statement
		Spartacist have their own version of schizophrenia Quite rightly they do not advocate a vote for the Labour Party, which they call New Labour, but rather advise people to vote for Arthur Scargill and his Socialist Labour Party.
		However, the Spartacist advice could perhaps be justified if the SLP's political line was in any way revolutionary or even progressive.
		In the general election the Spartacist League says no vote to Labour, which promises only to carry out more of the same racist, anti-working-class policies they have dished out over the past four years, and we say no vote to the Socialist Alliance whose campaign is subordinate to getting Labour re-elected.
	homepage.ntlworld.com /preptalk/BbSparts.htm (1597 words)

	yaledailynews.com - Spartacist newspaper floods Old Campus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		New York City-based Spartacist is a for-profit newspaper, and did not contact the Dean's Office.
		But a Spartacist employee in New York, Susan Adrian, said the newspaper has been visiting Yale for the past two years, as part of a national campus subscription drive they hold every fall.
		Spartacist's offices in San Francisco and New York refused to answer several requests for information by telephone or fax, saying they did not think their actions were controversial.
	www.yaledailynews.com /article.asp?AID=5751 (552 words)

	Editorials (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Spartacist League: living in a world of their own
		The Spartacist League knows the FSP well enough to realize this is rubbish, but it serves their purpose: to condemn every other socialist group as "fake leftists," 99 percent of the time for the sin of reformism.
		The point of being a revolutionary is to change the world, not to isolate one’s self from it in "sectarian purity" (Cannon again).
	www.socialism.com /fsarticles/vol23no1/Editorials.html (726 words)

	Communism Research Wiki: Spartacist League (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Spartacist League was founded in 1964 after being expelled from the Socialist Workers Party.
		In 1968, Geoff White would resign from the Spartacist League over their attitude towards the Peace and Freedom Party, a radical third-party intended as an alternative to the Democrats and Republicans.
		White saw opportunities for the Spartacist League to recruit from and influence the Peace and Freedom Party by working within it; Robertson and the majority of the membership saw this as an unprincipled popular front.
	www.yardley.ca /cgi-bin/wiki.pl?Spartacist_League (384 words)

	SALON \| Media Circus
		The Spartacists, who may best be termed "fundamentalist Trotskyists," have a flair for logic-chopping, and for mercilessly ridiculing their opponents, who are many.
		In the friendliest possible way, the Spartacists encouraged the Brazilians to purge the cops from their union — until just about the time Norden and his dinner companions were expelled.
		As far as Brazilian Trotskyist metalworkers are concerned, the Spartacist League reposes in the trashcan of history.
	www.salon.com /feb97/media/media970206.html (1239 words)

	INTRODUCTION
		As part of the process of dealing politically with the anti-Marxist sectarian psuedo-'orthodoxy' of the 'tradition' of the 1970s Spartacists, 'embodied' in the IBT, this pamphlet is therefore devoted to the publication of internal documents relevant to the political dispute that led to the founding of this journal.
		Given the rather comprehensive political content of R and T's critique of the Spartacist tradition, much of which is already available to the public, the IBT is very sensitive to the accusation that it refused to properly debate these criticisms.
		The only real concession that the memorandum made to political discussion was the circulation of two old Spartacist documents on this question, and a recommendation to comrades to read IBT and Spartacist material on this.
	members.aol.com /revolutiontruth/intro.htm (1910 words)

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