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Topic: Spartakist League

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	Wikinfo \| Spartakist League (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Organized during the politically volatile years of World War One in Germany, the Spartakist League was a socialist movement which sought to incite a revolution similar to that of the Bolsheviks in Russia by circulating illegal subversive publications such as the newspaper Spartacus Letters.
		Two founders of the movement, Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg, were imprisoned from 1916 until 1918 for their roles in helping to organize a public demonstration in Berlin against German involvement in the war.
		In January of 1919 Spartakists rose against the government in Berlin only to be supressed by the German Army and Freikorps upon the orders of chancellor Friedrich Ebert.
	www.internet-encyclopedia.org /wiki.php?title=Spartakist_League (199 words)

	Freikorps - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Others, angry at their sudden, apparently inexplicable defeat, joined up in an effort to put down Communist uprisings or exact some form of revenge (see Dolchstoßlegende).
		They received considerable support from Gustav Noske, the German Defence Minister who used them to crush the Spartakist League with enormous violence, including the murders of Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg on January 15, 1919.
		Hermann Ehrhardt and his deputy Commander Eberhard Kautter, leaders of the Viking League refused to help Hitler and Ludendorff in their Beer Hall Putsch and conspired against them.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Freikorp (409 words)

	Council Communism - From left-wing radicalism to left-wing communism
		A right wing, for whom the Spartakist leaders acted as spokesmen, [48] had no wish to break with the party, fearing that by so doing they would 'cut themselves off from the masses'.
		The confusion between Spartakists (starting with its leaders) and the revolutionary wing of the left-wing radicals was deliberately encouraged by communist historiography in subsequent years.
		Aside from these centrifugal tendencies, the mass council organizations, the Leagues, were further handicapped by the overall situation in the country: inflation, growing unemployment, fiercer repression, especially since the failure of the March 1921 'action' in the course of which an embryonic insurrection was harshly stamped out by the army and the police.
	www.geocities.com /~johngray/gombin02.htm (4959 words)

	The RedStar2000 Papers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		However, I feel that the Communist League's conclusion that the middle class is a part of the enemy camp- and thus middle-class people cannot be part of the revolutionary struggle- is very wrong (and in fact, dangerous).
		One of the chief responsibilities of the League is the fostering of a "culture of liberation", comprised of concrete steps that are designed to undo much of the damage of bourgeois ideology.
		So, what is the advantage of the Communist League or any other Communist organization cutting off their nose to spite their face when the main objective is to get the majority of All people to Communism.
	www.redstar2000papers.com /theory.php?subaction=showfull&id=1114912833 (6437 words)

	First World War.com - Prose & Poetry - Ernst Toller
		His poetry took on a political tone and he was increasingly regarded as a dangerous political revolutionary (with some cause).
		Toller was found guilty in 1919 of high treason in supporting Kurt Eisner's declaration of a Bavarian Socialist Republic and the failed Spartakist rising of January 1919.
		Toller was fortunate to escape the death penalty and was the beneficiary of intervention on his behalf by Max Weber and Thomas Mann.
	www.firstworldwar.com /poetsandprose/toller.htm (570 words)

	Spartacus League
		Members of the Spartacus League were on the left-wing of the Social Democrat Party and opposed the decision by the party to support Germany's involvement in the First World War.
		On 1st May, 1916, the Spartacus League decided to come out into the open and organized a demonstration against the First World War in Berlin.
		Friedrich Ebert, the leader of the Social Democrat Party and Germany's new chancellor, called in the German Army and the Freikorps to bring an end to the rebellion.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /GERspartacus.htm (267 words)

	REVOLUTION - Roas Luxembourg
		In 1918, because of Rosa's disgust with the leaders of the SPD supporting the German rulers' war, she left and formed another party.
		This party was called the Spartakists and they managed to successfully rally the best revolutionary young workers and become the vanguard (forefront) of the 1918 revolution.
		From her prison cell, Rosa Luxemburg wrote articles and pamphlets exposing the war as a war for profits and calling for international working class solidarity to oust the war-mongerers.
	www.worldrevolution.org.uk /oldsite/pages/ideas_pages/luxembourg.html (1487 words)

	Glossary of Events: Sp (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		On October 5, 1918, the Independent Social-Democratic Party of Germany (of which the Spartacus League was an instigating part since April 1917) formed a committee of revolutionary shop stewards who began organising among workers and collecting weapons.
		On the 9th, Philipp Scheidemann, a German Social Democrat, knowing that Karl Liebknecht was about to arrive and proclaim a Socialist state, quickly got to the balcony of the Reichstag and proclaimed the formation of the Wiemer Republic.
		In January, 1919, the Spartakist Rising, led by Rosa Luxemburg, Leo Jogiches, Clara Zetkin and Karl Liebknecht took place in Berlin as a last ditch effort to save the nation for Socialism.
	www.marxists.org /glossary/events/s/p.htm (976 words)

	The credibility of Scots Tory leader David McLetchie (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The Nordic League was primarily an upper-middle-class association as opposed to the British Union of Fascists that mainly attracted people from the working class.
		The Nordic League described itself as "an association of race conscious Britons" and being at the service of "those patriotic bodies known to be engaged in exposing and frustrating the Jewish stranglehold on our Nordic realm.
		In Nazi Germany the Nordic League was described as "the British branch of international Nazism".
	www.martinfrost.ws /htmlfiles/mcletchie1.html (9800 words)

	trot list
		A sub-set of this characterization is that held by the Internationalist Communist Union (UCI).
		ALSO: at the end of this list you'll find a small list of groups that I put under "primarily national formations." This simply means that, as far as I know, with the exception of the US SWP, they have no international affiliates, and therefore function in only one country.
		INTERNATIONAL COMMUNIST LEAGUE (Fourth Internationalist) Brief Description: Until recently, the International Spartacist Tendency, they orginate in an early sixties split in the US SWP and are orthodox Trotskyist in orientation, with a focus on party building and line struggle.
	www.leninism.org /pof/discuss-may97/trotlist.htm (1974 words)

	The Revolutionary Movement in Germany, 1917-1923 \| libcom.org library
		This leadership supported some pacifist positions, was opposed to the bombings and sabotages and defended a frontist position, putting forward the first since 1918, the watch-word of unification with all the centrist tendencies (from the spartakists to the USPD): the political social front.
		This ideology, stemming from the back surge of the struggles and from militants organized around the GIK between 1926 and 1940, is based on the opposition of form of Luxemburg towards Lenin as well as on the Rosa Luxemburg's sublimated practice after the war triggering off.
		It is today repeated by new councillist groups, which want to ignore that the "spartakist" hard core regrouped around Luxemburg and Liebknecht, as well as those who gave it a continuity within the KPD, practically materialized, and at every stage of the struggle, the party of the negotiation against the party of direct action.
	libcom.org /library/revolutionary-movement-in-germany-1917-1923 (4564 words)

	RevolutionaryLeft.com -> know your world (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		A right wing, for whom the Spartakist leaders acted as spokesmen, had no wish to break with the party, fearing that by so doing they would 'cut themselves off from the masses'.
		Thus, on the eve of the Russian Revolution, the Internationals were very clearly moving away from the Spartakists on two points.
		As a result of their enthusiasm for the Russian Revolution they altered their label, and in November the ISD (International Socialists of Germany) became the IKD (International Communists of Germany), publishing a paper called Der Kommunist, propagating the slogan: 'All power to the soviets';.
	www.revolutionaryleft.com /index.php?showtopic=25561 (4495 words)

	Anarchist analysis of the German revolution 1918 - 23 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		This encouraged the Spartakus League (a Berlin spilt from the SDP) to call for a strike in Berlin.
		However it was to be remembered in history as the Frei Korps and was to become the direct fore runner of the Nazis.
		The Spartakus League and the Bremen Left Radicals met to form KPD (German Communist Party) at end of December.
	flag.blackened.net /revolt/history/german_rev.html (4231 words)

	GERMANY / SPARTAKIST UPRISING - Vintage Old Antique Postcard Postcards
		Germany - THE SPARTAKIST UPRISING (January and March 1919)
		- Rosa Luxembourg, one of the leaders of the Spartacus League, executed without trial on 15th January, 1919 (Real Photo, Unknown Publisher) (Unused Postcard).
		- Funeral of Karl Liebknecht, one of the leaders of the Spartakist League, executed without trial on 15th January, 1919 (Real Photo, Published by S. and G. i.
	www.postcardman.net /germany_spartakist.html (588 words)

	Henry Bogdan - From Warsaw To Sofia
		In the early 1890s, two clandestine groups of socialists were already in existence: the Social Democratic party of Poland and Lithuania of Rosa Luxembourg and Felix Dzerjinski* and the Bund (General League of Workers), which was a Jewish organization from Lodz and a major part of the Russian Social Democratic party.
		The socialists were more interested in overthrowing the czarist regime and reforming the social and economic system than in Polish independence.
		But these concessions were not enough to satisfy a people who had never given up regaining their independence.
	www.hungarian-history.hu /lib/bogdan/bogdan12.htm (991 words)

	Comenius 1 History Project - The Origins of Nazism Revolution and Counter-revolution 1918-1923 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		All authority on the part of officers and junior officers is being undermined by the propaganda of the Independents and Spartakists.
		No doubt the mass of German workers wanted a better standard of living, plus freedom from exploitation and war; however, only a small minority regarded revolution as the necessary means to achieve it.
		This minority was to be found mainly in the new Communist Party of Germany (KPD), formerly the Spartakist League.
	www.stevenson.ac.uk /comenius/articles/totalitarianism/uk_dg/naz_1c.htm (1603 words)

	Franz Mehring: Karl Marx (Translator's Preface) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Throughout the war years he remained true to the principles of socialist internationalism and, despite his advanced years, he spent many months in prison.
		Together with Clara Zetkin and Rosa Luxemburg “the only real men in the social-democratic movement” as he was fond of calling them, he raised aloft the banner of proletarian internationalism in the heroic Spartakist League.
		With his death German literature lost a brilliant author and trenchant critic, and the German working class lost a great historian and socialist theoretician and the greatest literary man the socialist movement has yet produced.
	www.marxists.org /archive/mehring/1918/marx/tranpref.htm (1455 words)

	Down With Imperialism--For Class Struggle at Home!
		Sections of the International Communist League published the 12 September declaration by the Spartacist League/U.S. in six languages and introduced it with statements exposing the machinations of their “own” capitalist rulers, particularly emphasizing the need for the workers movement to rally to the defense of the besieged Arab and Asian minorities.
		In Italy, Umberto Bossi’s Northern League plastered cities with posters screaming: “Illegal immigrants = Terrorists” as the ultraright Berlusconi government rams through new legislation drastically restricting the right to asylum, work or residency for anyone in Europe who is not a citizen of the European Union.
		For us Spartakists the accusation of traitor to the fatherland, coming out of the mouths of chauvinists, is an honor.
	www.spartacist.org /english/wv/archives/oldsite/2001/wtc-icl.htm (2891 words)

	Stalinophilia, Stalinophobia, Flinches & Opportunism: Whatever Happened to the Spartacist League?
		In 1990 the Spartacist League advanced a novel justification for its refusal to participate in organizing opposition to the January 1991 "Desert Storm" assault on Iraq.
		Having spent the 1950s and early 1960s as a left oppositionist in first Max Shachtman’s Independent Socialist League as it collapsed into social democracy, and then Farrell Dobbs’ SWP as it embraced Castroism, Robertson was not inclined to view political liquidation as the key to success.
		The necrosis of the Spartacist League, like the split between the Russian Bolsheviks and Mensheviks in 1903, demonstrates that in the final analysis, for revolutionaries, the organizational question is a political question.
	www.bolshevik.org /Pamphlets/Whatever/Whatever01.html (16300 words)

	Jew Watch - Jewish Mind Control - Civil Rights Movements
		This was the Spartacist League, originally a part of the USDP, but calling itself Communist Party of Germany (KPD) on 1 January 1919.
		Its leaders, Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg, had opposed the war and had spent several years in prison for their pacifist activity.
		Although the USPD and many of the workers who mistrusted the SPD had not supported the Spartakist uprising, the bloody intervention by the Free Corps, which were called and directed by an SPD minister, did irreparable damage to working-class unity.
	jewwatch.com /jew-mindcontrol-civil-rights.html (918 words)

	Only Trotskyism Can Defend the Gains of October
		The centrist SWP of 1963 in completing its break with its revolutionary past, took time out from acting as volunteer publicists for the Fidelistas to send a craven message of condolence to the widow Kennedy when U.S. imperialism’s commander-in-chief, who was personally responsible for the Bay of Pigs, was assassinated.
		Perhaps a more apt analogy is Gerry Healy’s Socialist Labour League circa 1967 which signified its definitive departure from a decade of orthodox Trotskyism by simultaneously adapting to the Arab bourgeoisies (under the guise of the "Arab Revolution") and Mao Tse Tung’s wing of the Chinese Stalinist bureaucracy.
		The two letters from the Spartacist League leadership which we reprint are politically evasive and contain several deliberate misrepresentations.
	www.bolshevik.org /TB/TB1_ALL.html (11060 words)

	Linksextremistische efforts IV.
		Defiance chests organized furthermore their - " internationalistische work " - in own international roof associations, from them worldwide about 20 exist.
		It - " revolutionary - socialists league " - (RSB) and defiance chests in it - " union for socialists politics " - (VSP) understand themselves as followers it - " IV.
		The small - " Internationally Committee of the Fourth Internationally " - with seat in Detroit disposes only of six sections, under it it - " league of socialists workers " - (BSA).
	www.fas.org /irp/world/germany/bfv/docs/96/links_iv.html (1336 words)

	On the Poverty of Student Life (Situationist International)
		The Zengakuren, the well-known organization of revolutionary students, and the League of Young Marxist Workers are the two major organizations formed on the common orientation of the Revolutionary Communist League.
		The Revolutionary Communist League is still fundamentally a vanguard political organization, an heir of the best features of the classical proletarian organizations.
		It is presently the most important revolutionary grouping in the world, and should henceforth be a pole of discussion and a rallying point for the new global revolutionary proletarian critique.
	bopsecrets.org /SI/poverty.htm (8752 words)

	Anarchism on the revolutionary party (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The German social democrats have a long history of acting as instruments of bourgeois authority, from their suppression of the Spartakist revolt to their support for the West German emergency laws).
		The contradictions of social democracy - a result of its attitude to authority - resolve themselves into the position of undermining the revolutionary potential of the working class.
		The parallels with bourgeois society are made complete by the fact that as soon as 'subversive' groups begin to pose a serious threat, as did the Communist Party in the 20's or the SLL in the 60'; they are expelled en masse.
	flag.blackened.net /revolt/ora/rev_party.html (4067 words)

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