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Topic: Spartakusbund

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	Spartacist League (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		After the November revolution which overthrew the Kaiser and led to the end of World War I and the beginning of a period of instability and revolutions lasting until 1923, Liebknecht declared a socialist republic in Germany, on the same night that the leaders of the SPD declared a democratic republic.
		In December 1918 the Spartakusbund became the German Communist Party (KPD), the German affiliate of the Communist International (Comintern).
		The attempted revolution was crushed by the combined forces of the SPD, the remnants of the German Army, and the right-wing paramilitary groups known as the Freikorps.
	1-free-software.com /en/wikipedia/s/sp/spartacist_league.html (387 words)

	Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		To be able to continue their parliamentary work, the group formed the Sozialdemokratische Arbeitsgemeinschaft (SAG, "Social Democratic Working Group"); concerns from the SPD leadership and Friedrich Ebert that the SAG was intent on dividing the SPD then led to the expulsion of the SAG members from the SPD on January 18, 1917.
		At the same time, the Spartakusbund, led by Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht, separated from the USPD again as well to merge with other left wing extremist groups and form the KPD (Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands, "Communist Party of Germany").
		Ultimately, the proposition to join the Komintern was approved at a party convention in Halle in October 1920, but the USPD split up in the process, with both groups seeing themselves as the rightful USPD and the other one as being outcast.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Independent_Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany (351 words)

	Otto Rühle and the German Labour Movement
		How much the Spartakusbund still adhered to the organisation and unity fetish that ruled the German labour movement came to light in their vacillating attitude toward the first attempts at re-orienting the international socialist movement in Zimmerwald and Kienthal.
		In April 1917 the Spartakusbund merged with the Independent Socialists [Unabhèngige Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands] which formed the centre in the old labour movement but was no longer willing to cover up the chauvinism of the conservative majority-wing of the social-democratic party.
		The ambiguity which characterised the policy of the Spartakusbund was largely the result of the conservatism of the masses.
	www.geocities.com /capitolHill/Lobby/2379/ruhle1.htm (11205 words)

	Paul Mattick: Anti- Bolshevist Communism in Germany - 1947
		How much the Spartakusbund was still adhering to the organization and unity fetish that ruled the German labor movement came to light in their vacillating attitude toward the first attempts at re-orienting the international socialist movement in Zimmerwald and Kienthal.
		In April 1917 the Spartakusbund merged with the Independent Socialists which formed the center of the old labor movement but was no longer willing to cover up the chauvinism of the conservative majority-wing of the Social-Democratic Party.
		The ambiguity which characterized the policy of the Spartakusbund was largely the result of the conservatism of the masses.
	www.kurasje.org /arkiv/10400t.htm (5564 words)

	Spartakusbund (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The Spartacist League or Spartakusbund was an extreme left-wing movement in Germany duringand just after World War I. It was named after Spartacus, leader of the largestslave rebellion in the classical period.
		After the November revolution which overthrew the Kaiser and led to the end of World WarI and the beginning of a period of instability and revolutions lasting until 1923,Liebknecht declared a socialist republic in Germany, on the same night that the leaders of the SPD declared a democratic republic.
		In January 1919 the KPD attempted to takecontrol of Berlin in what came to be known as the Spartakus uprising, against the advice of Luxemburg and Liebknecht.
	www.therfcc.org /spartakusbund-181857.html (334 words)

	Spartacist League - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Spartacist League (Spartakusbund in German) was a left-wing Marxist revolutionary movement organized in Germany during and just after the politically volatile years of World War I.
		It was founded by Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg (nicknamed "Red Rosa") along with others such as Clara Zetkin.
		In December 1918, the Spartakusbund became the Communist Party of Germany (KPD), the German affiliate of the Communist International (Comintern).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Spartacist_League (686 words)

	Berlin: The City as Body The City as Metaphor
		Together, they provided the leadership for illegal opposition to the war through the subversive Spartakusbund, which disseminated through its network of confidential underground agents various kinds of revolutionary propaganda.
		On May 1, 1916, Liebknecht participated in a May Day demonstration in Berlin and called for the overthrow of the government and an end to the war and was tried and imprisoned.
		He planned to develop, through the Spartakusbund, a German revolution after the Soviet pattern.
	www.stanford.edu /dept/german/berlin_class/people/liebknecht2.html (423 words)

	News & Letters - The Journal of Marxist-Humanism - November '99
		In order to win the radicalized masses to a genuinely revolutionary socialist alternative, Luxemburg and others formed the SPARTAKUSBUND-the Spartacus League (named after the leader of the great slave revolt that shook the Roman empire)-which was not strong enough to lead the workers to a revolutionary victory.
		It is important not to underrate the SPARTAKUSBUND, which actually compares quite favorably-with a mass base and a daily newspaper-to all left-wing organizations in the United States today, and even to the more impressive Socialist Workers Party of Britain to which Harman belongs.
		Thus, Luxemburg, [Karl] Liebknecht and the other Spartakusbund leaders directed what was the heart of a growing revolutionary workers movement.
	www.newsandletters.org /Issues/1999/Nov/11.99_pd.htm (1624 words)

	SPARTACIST LEAGUE FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The Spartacist League (Spartakusbund in German) was a left-wing Marxist revolutionary movement organized in Germany during and just after the politically volatile years of World_War_I.
		On January_1, 1919, the KPD attempted to take control of Berlin in what came to be known as the Spartakus uprising.
		The attempted revolution was crushed by the combined forces of the SPD, the remnants of the German Army, and the right-wing paramilitary groups known as the Freikorps, on the orders of chancellor Friedrich_Ebert.
	www.southcountryequity.com /Spartacist_League (678 words)

	Red flag - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In Russia, after the October Revolution, the red flag with a hammer and sickle was adopted as the official flag of the new soviet government and was used by the Communist movement internationally.
		Accordingly, a number of Communist and socialist newspapers have used the name The Red Flag (perhaps most famously including Die rote Fahne, the newspaper of the Spartakusbund and subsequently the Communist Party of Germany).
		One of the most famous images of the flag is of it being raised over the Reichstag building by the conquering Red Army during the Battle of Berlin.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Red_flag (1139 words)

	Karl Liebknecht - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In October that year, he also married his second wife, art historian Sophie Ryss.
		At the end of 1914, Liebknecht, together with Rosa Luxemburg, Leo Jogiches, Paul Levi, Ernest Meyer, Franz Mehring and Clara Zetkin formed the so-called Spartacist League (Spartakusbund); the league publicized its views in a newspaper titled Spartakusbriefe ("Spartacus Letters") which was soon declared illegal.
		Liebknecht was arrested and sent to the eastern front during World War I for the group's echoing of Russian Bolsheviks' arguments for a Proletarian Revolution; refusing to fight, he served burying the dead, and due to his rapidly deteriorating health was allowed to return to Germany in October 1915.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Karl_Liebknecht (669 words)

	First World War.com - Feature Articles - Munich
		Even further to the left of the USPD were a group of shadowy figures that produced calls for a Marxist 'solution'.
		They were called the Spartakusbund - the Spartacus Union - named after 'Spartacus', the signatory of their declarations and revolutionary flyers.
		The Spartacist's message was popular in Germany's large Proletarian districts of Berlin, the Northern Ports and the Ruhr, but fell on relatively stony ground in Munich.
	www.firstworldwar.com /features/munich_two.htm (2054 words)

	Rosa Luxemburg speaks against capital punishment
		Already a prominent opponent of right-wing opportunism in the SPD, Luxemburg concluded that the party had become a "stinking corpse" after the August 4, 1914 vote for war credits by the SPD parliamentary group.
		Imprisoned for their opposition to the First World War, both leaders were freed from jail as a result of a revolutionary uprising of German workers in November 1918.
		Her condemnation of capital punishment and the inhumanity of capitalist "justice" is as pertinent today as when it was written.
	www.wsws.org /articles/1999/apr1999/rosa-a07.shtml (1207 words)

	Walter Held: The German Revolution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		An opposition arose, indeed – the Spartakusbund – but this group was small in number and organisationally weak.
		In the period when the radicalisation of the German masses was still in its initial stage, the Spartakus leaders responded to the reactionary Ebert administration with the January 1919 uprising, which was totally unprepared for and amateurishly executed.
		Following the deaths of Luxemburg, Liebknecht, and Jogiches, Levi, in spite of his youth, was chosen to head the newly established party and found it in a state of unprecedented ideological chaos.
	www.marxists.org /history/etol/revhist/otherdox/whatnext/heldgerm.html (12409 words)

	Walter Held: Once Again Lenin and Luxemburg (1940)
		We do not refer here to such erstwhile comrades-in-arms of Rosa’s as the Piecks and the Eberleins, who, in the service of the sinister Kremlin misanthrope play a role which no expression in the language of mankind is capable of adequately characterizing.
		He consciously counterposed the “cautious” policy of the Bolsheviks to the neck-breaking policy of the Spartakusbund and the young Communist party.
		The “Little Triumvirate” in the leadership of the Comintern (Zinoviev, Radek, Bukharin) drove the German party into the adventure of the “March Action” and the German leadership – with the exception of Paul Levi and Clara Zetkin –; was blind enough to permit itself to be pushed into this putschist adventure.
	www.marxists.org /archive/held-walter/1940/06/lenlux.htm (4525 words)

	The Revolutionary Orientation of Rosa Luxemburg (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Struggling underground, the Spartakusbund was able to grow, propagate its ideas and develop linkages with like-minded revolutionary groups and individuals, based heavily in urban industrial areas.
		Young, active and concentrated in the most modern vital sections of the economy, Spartakusbund members were to prove the revolutionary voice within the ideological vacuum [which the bureaucratized leadership of the German] Social Democracy labored to maintain.
		The Spartakusbund and the German Working-Class Movement, 1914–1919 (Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen Press, 1987).
	www.laborstandard.org /New_Postings/Luxemburg_South_Africa.htm (3405 words)

	Novemberrevolution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Karl Liebknecht, der mit Rosa Luxemburg den zum linken Flügel der USPD gehörenden Spartakusbund führte, verkündete zwei Stunden später eine freie sozialistische Republik".
		November bildeten SPD und USPD eine Regierung, den Rat der Volksbeauftragten; Liebknecht lehnte den Eintritt in diese ab.
		Zwischen SPD, USPD und Spartakusbund war umstritten, ob eine verfassunggebende Nationalversammlung oder die — in sich nicht einheitliche — Rätebewegung die Neuordnung des staatlichen Lebens in Deutschland bestimmen sollte.
	www.dsg.ch /novrev.htm (861 words)

	Red Biography: Eduard Bernstein (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		He also supported World War I, enraging many SPD members.
		This caused numerous splits in the SPD, including the formation of the Spartakusbund and the Independent Social Democratic Party.
		Bernstein died in 1932, shortly before the fall of democracy in Germany to the right-wing Nazis.
	reds.linefeed.org /bios/bernstein.html (286 words)

	Rosa Luxemburg
		So I began to search for them and, after a while, I found the headquarters of the Spartakusbund, the most revolutionary of all the German Left parties.
		Alas, she never lived to use her influence on her colleagues in the Spartakusbund for more than a few weeks after I saw her.
		In Rosa Luxemburg the socialist idea was a dominating and powerful passion of both mind and heart, a consuming and creative passion.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /RUSluxemburg.htm (1308 words)

	Spartakusbund and the German Working-class Movement, 1914-1919; Author: Pelz, William A.; Hardback; Book
		Spartakusbund and the German Working-class Movement, 1914-1919; Author: Pelz, William A.; Hardback; Book
		This text attempts to put the Spartakusbund into an objective context by examining its activities during the years 1914-1919.
		Prices subject to change to be advised on confirmation of order.
	www.netstoreusa.com /cubooks/088/0889463557.shtml (168 words)

	German books printed after 1800 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands - Bericht über den Gründungsparteitag der Kommunistischen Partei Deutschlands (Spartakusbund) vom 30.
		[Berlin], herausgegeben von der Kommunistischen Partei Deutschlands (Spartakusbund) [1919].
		Parteitag der Kommunistischen Partei Deutschlands (Spartakusbund) vom 20.
	www.mdejongh.com /106.html (6409 words)

	Germany
		This slowly led to a split in the SPD, three ways, with the eventual formation of the Independent Social-Democratic Party (USPD) within the parliamentary party and then more slowly within the membership itself.
		The "far-left" contingent formed themselves into the Spartakusbund (Spartacist League) with Karl Leibknecht and Rosa Luxemburg as prominent members.
		When in February 1919 the Spartakusbund renounced its links with the USPD and formed a German Communist Party (KPD) it recognised this problem: "Socialism cannot be created by decrees; nor can it be established by any government.
	www.worldsocialism.org /spgb/nov98/germrev.html (1376 words)

	Spartakusbund and the German Working Class Movement 1914 - 1919 Studies in German Thought and History Vol 1 :: ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Spartakusbund and the German Working Class Movement 1914 - 1919 Studies in German Thought and History Vol 1 :: Spartakusbund and the German Working Class Movement 1914 - 1919 Studies in German Thought and History Vol 1 books, reviews and more
		Featured: Spartakusbund and the German Working Class Movement 1914 - 1919 Studies in German Thought and History Vol 1 - William A Pelz.
		William A Pelz "Spartakusbund and the German Working Class Movement 1914 - 1919 Studies in German Thought and History Vol 1".
	www.usedbooksseller.com /429071william_a_pelz.html (209 words)

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