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	Hegemony - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Furthermore it is the dominance of one group over other groups, with or without the threat of force, to the extent that, for instance, the dominant party can dictate the terms of trade to its advantage; more broadly, cultural perspectives become skewed to favor the dominant group.
		Hegemony affects the perspective of mainstream history, as history is written by the victors for a sympathetic readership.
		His theory defined the State by its coercion combined with hegemony; according to Gramsci, hegemony consists of political power that flows from intellectual and moral leadership, authority or consensus, as distinguished from mere armed force.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hegemony (1204 words)

	f. The Spartan Hegemony. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		The Spartan decarchies in the former Athenian allies were soon abolished.
		The Persian satrap Tissaphernes besieged Cyme, and the Spartans sent Thibron to hire a mercenary army and liberate the Ionians from Persia.
		The Spartans beat the Greek allies at the Battles of the Nemea and Coronea, but the Spartan fleet was annihilated by the Persians, under Conon, at the Battle of Cnidus.
	www.bartleby.com /67/199.html (563 words)

	Hegemony Article, Hegemony Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Hegemony is the dominance of one group over other groups, with or without the threat of force, to the extentthat the terms of trade are dictated by the dominant party to its advantage, for instance, or more broadly, that culturalperspectives become skewed to favor the dominant group.
		Hegemony affects the perspective of mainstream history as it is written by thecultural victors for a sympathetic readership.
		His theory defined the State by its coercion combined with hegemony; according to Gramsci, hegemony is political power thatflows from intellectual and moral leadership, authority or consensus, as distinguished from mere armed force.
	www.anoca.org /power/cultural/hegemony.html (746 words)

	Wikipedia: Hegemony
		Hegemony is the dominance of one group over other groups without the use of force.
		Theories of hegemony attempt to explain why the dominant group is able to maintain this power.
		The word has been used to describe periods in ancient Greek history, and also in more recent times to describe regional domination by local powers, and is used to describe the United States' role as the sole superpower in the modern world.
	www.factbook.org /wikipedia/en/h/he/hegemony.html (120 words)

	Welcome to Adobe GoLive 5
		Each Spartan was expected to dress in rough clothes exactly like his fellows, to maintain his family in a simple house no different from that of other Spartans, to dine on the rough fare (especially a fl bean soup famous among the Greeks for its unpalatability) provided in the mess units.
		Spartan women were expected to accept this sort of treatment without demur, and to devote themselves to inculcating the doctrine of obedience, bravery, and duty in their children.
		Spartan society was completely dependent on the systematic exploitation of the Helots, both as agricultural laborers and as porters during military expeditions: at Plataea, during the Persian Wars, each Spartan hoplite was attended by seven Helots.
	www.chessworld.50megs.com /spart.html (4289 words)

	Search Encyclopedia.com
		For a long time the Spartans had no city walls, trusting to the strength of their army for defense against invaders and...
		Peloponnesus -> History Originally populated by Leleges and Pelasgians (said to have been the builders of Mycenae and Tiryns), the peninsula was later occupied by the Achaeans and then by the Dorians, who dominated the Peloponnesus in historic times.
		He was a Spartan and brought greater strictness to Spartan training.
	www.encyclopedia.com /search.asp?target=Spartan+hegemony&rc=10&fh=10&fr=11 (497 words)

	Spartan hegemony
		The exiled Athenian admiral, Konon, now in Persian pay, defeats the Spartan fleet at sea (Knidus, 394), and then 'liberated' the Ionian and Aegean states from the tyranny of the Spartans.
		Iphicrates, an Athenian commander, equips a new force of peltasts who use javelins, longer spears and swords to outmaneuver Spartans near at Corinth; that is they do not have the heavy hoplite defensive armour (vase painting).
		Thebes lost her hegemony in Boiotia --this had been and will continue to be a major problem.
	darkwing.uoregon.edu /~klio/gr/15-sparthg.htm (644 words)

	Hegemony
		One of the best known theories of hegemony was devised by Antonio Gramsci.
		An early example of hegemony during ancient Greek history was when Sparta became the hegemon of the Peloponnesian League in the 6th century BC.
		The Cold War (1945 - 1990) is often seen as a battle for hegemony between the communist east led by the USSR and the capitalist west led by the United States.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/h/he/hegemony.html (315 words)

	The Greeks - Spartan Hegemony (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		This period in Greek history is called the Spartan hegemony, for although Sparta didn't rule the city -states of Greece as if it were an empire, Sparta did exercise considerable influence over the domestic and foreign decisions of these independent states: it exercised, then, hegemonic control over these states.
		From 387 BC onwards, Agesilaus and the Spartans closely controlled political decisions in the individual city-states and stacked their governments with individuals friendly to Sparta and its interests.
		The period of Spartan hegemony saw the first years of the maturing of Greek philosophy.
	www.ancient-empires.net /spartanhegemony.html (594 words)

	The story of Agyrion in the Sicily Island - www.agyrion.it
		In 421 BC the recalled Spartan king Pleistoanax and the Athenian general Nicias agreed on a peace for fifty years; both sides agreed to restore several cities that had been taken in the war, and all the captives were to be released.
		Spartan Hegemony 404-371 BC According to Thucydides during the Peloponnesian War in 424 BC the Spartan general Brasidas had told the Thracians that the Peloponnesians did not seek empire but were struggling to end Athenian imperialism; Brasidas offered autonomy to Thrace, and his policy was confirmed in oaths by the Spartan ephors.
		Spartans led by Archidamus caught the Arcadians pursuing a departing Syracusan force and killed many Arcadians without a single Spartan dying in what was called the "tearless battle." Attempts to make peace at Delphi were blocked by Sparta's demand for Messenia and Athens' for Amphipolis, neither of which Thebes was willing to grant.
	www.agyrion.it /uk.htm (19629 words)

	Bryn Mawr Classical Review 94.09.02
		You [Spartans] always say, 'the cities must be autonomous,' but you are the ones who are most in the way of autonomy.
		Nor was it "immediately wrecked by the Theban victory at Leuctra" -- rather, by the Spartan and Athenian refusal to regard Thebes-Boeotia as an entity similar to Laconia and Attica, which brought on the battle of Leuctra.
		The thesis that after 362 a dual hegemony of "Thebes, with her allies from Boeotia, Euboea, Thessaly and some Peloponnesians," on the one side, and "the coalition led by Athens and Sparta," on the other, was thought feasible by Xenophon has little to recommend it.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /bmcr/1994/94.09.02.html (3292 words)

	Sparta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The wrought temple reliefs depicted the labors of Herakles, the ancestor of the Lacedaemonians.
		The Spartans had a market-place (agora), and there were council-chamber (Bouleuterion) of the Senate (Gerousia), and the offices (Archeia) of the Ephors, of the Nomophylakes, and of those called the Bidiaioi.
		Another significant Spartan temple was the Orithia Artemis, dedicted to another patron Goddess of Sparta.
	idcs0100.lib.iup.edu /AncGreece/sparta.htm (326 words)

	[No title]
		Key is part of a speech by Autocles: You [Spartans] always say, 'the cities must be autonomous,' but you are the ones who are most in the way of autonomy.
		Nor was it "immediately wrecked by the Theban victory at Leuctra"--rather, by the Spartan and Athenian refusal to regard Thebes-Boeotia as an entity similar to Laconia and Attica, which brought on the battle of Leuctra.
		Otherwise, W. examines the detailed statements of Isocrates (136-42), from which he concludes that "Isocrates' views on hegemony would fit perfectly onto the general argument suggested by Ephorus F 119" (142)--easy enough, since Ephorus' statement on the subject is so general.
	www.infomotions.com /serials/bmcr/bmcr-9409-bloedow-hegemony.txt (3053 words)

	Battle of Phoebidas and the Thespians (379 BC)
		Thespiae was one such town, which appealed to Sparta for protection and received a small garrison of 1000 Spartan peltasts under the command of the harmost Phoebidas.
		The sight of the Spartan professionals routing was too much for the poorly drilled Thespian levy, who turned tail and fled back to their city walls, leaving the Theban cavalry in command of the field.
		Spartans and/or Thespians who flee off board are presumed to be retiring to the safety of Thespiae.
	fanaticus.org /DBA/battles/phoebidas.html (530 words)

	Agesilaus of Sparta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The expeditionary force consisted of some 5,000 members of the Spartan alliance, 300 Athenians, and the 6,000 surviving Greek mercenaries of the army that had been used by the Persian pretender Cyrus the Younger to attack his brother, king Artaxerxes II Mnemon.
		When Agesilaus was marching to the north again, he received new instructions from the Spartan government: he had to sail to and attack Caria -which was suffering from the change of satrap- and continue to the east, to Cilicia.
		However, the Spartans were unable to break their opponents' strength, and the enemy coalition was incapable of pushing back the Spartans.
	www.livius.org /ag-ai/agesilaus/agesilaus.htm (2205 words)

	Spartan - IMG Review: Spartan
		Ancient Greece: The Spartan Hegemony: 404-371 BC This period in Greek history is called the Spartan hegemony, The period of Spartan hegemony saw the first years of the maturing of Greek philosophy.
		Spartan Group offers the military and law enforcement community the full realm of skills that are required of the tactical officer.
		Spartan Stadium is home to the San Jose State football team and the men's and women's soccer teams.
	www.thensearch.com /?q=spartan (565 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The Spartans sent two land forces against Boeotia, one lead by Lysander (the hero of the Peloponnesian War) and the other by Pausanias, one of the kings (the other, Agesilaos, was in Asia Mi nor).
		It was the start of a general rebellion of the other Greek city-states against the tyrannical hegemony of the Spartans and in a short time, all continental Greece was in a turmoil.
		The Spartan player uses the normal table, replacing Athens for Thebes for Hoplite and Cavalry priorities, and Athens for Corinth in the case of Naval SP.
	grognard.com /variants/pelop.txt (1752 words)

	Spartan Hegemony (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Spartan Hegemony, 404-371 B.C. Spartan policy dominated by Agesilaos, 399-360 B.C., king of Sparta
		Spartans sieze the Cadmeia (Thebes), 382 B.C.: Agesilaos approves (p.
		Spartans defeated at Tegyra by Thebes and its Sacred Band, 375 B.C. (p.
	www.cis.vt.edu /thbecker/SHegemony.html (147 words)

	Search Tuna Report for hegemony (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Hegemony, as leadership, is never neutral but it is always political and always requires attention to the care, feeding, and pruning of coalitions....
		From the Greek for authority or leader, the term hegemony usually signifies the dominance of one state over another, whether this dominance is acceded to and is therefore formal, or is the consequence of arbitrary imposition....
		By Reena Mistry Antonio Gramsci's theory of hegemony is of particular salience to the exploration of racial representations in the media because of its focus on culture and ideology....
	www.searchtuna.com /ftlive2/3509.html (2403 words)

	Ancient Greece: The Pelopponesian War
		Knowing a good thing when they saw it, the Spartans soon attacked Athens and—worse news piled on top of bad news—they were soon joined by the Persians who were still smarting from the war Athens had so vigorously prosecuted in the first half of the fifth century.
		But in 405, the rest of their navy was destroyed in a surprise attack, and by the next year the situation was hopeless.
		In 404 BC, the Athenians surrendered totally to the Spartans, who tore down the walls of the city, barred them from ever having a navy, and installed their own oligarchic government, the Thirty.
	www.wsu.edu /~dee/GREECE/PELOWARS.HTM (635 words)

	HELLAS:NET - Warfare
		The power of Sparta, the traditional competitor of Athens for hegemony of Hellas, might have been broken and its forces were no longer invincible, but the result of the battle was a very strong Thebes.
		The Spartan hegemony was over, but the Theban hegemony had only just started while the Athenians firmly believed that their city was the only city that could rightfully claim hegemony over Hellas.
		The irony was that Epaminondas had used exactly the same trick as the Spartans had used during the battle of Aigospotamoi against Athens in 405 BC.
	monolith.dnsalias.org /~marsares/warfare/battle/mantinea.html (1216 words)

	The Spartans: Tides of War (Part 2) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The Spartans continue to capture the imagination of both the general public and the specialist Historian.
		Part 2 deals with the history of the city-state in the late fifth century BC and its decline in the fourth Century.
		The later years of the Peloponnesian War, the Spartan hegemony and the rise of Thebes are described and discussed.
	www.foxtel.com.au /1664.htm (740 words)

	Ethics of Greek Politics and Wars 500-360 BC by Sanderson Beck
		Because of threats, only the philosopher Socrates refused to cooperate with the wrong procedure, and the six generals were executed by hemlock poisoning, though the Athenians later repented.
		In 396 BC Lysander persuaded Spartan king Agesilaus to lead 2,000 enfranchised Helots and 6,000 allies to Asia to support Greek autonomy from Persian domination.
		Spartans led by Archidamus caught the Arcadians pursuing a departing Syracusan force and killed many Arcadians without a single Spartan dying in what was called the "tearless battle."
	www.san.beck.org /EC19-GreekWars.html (19828 words)

	Spartan hegemony -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Spartan hegemony -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article
		Sparta didn't annex Athens but established an (A political system governed by a few people) oligarchy.
		Spartan hegemony ended when (An ancient Greek city in Boeotia destroyed by Alexander the Great in 336 BC) Thebes defeated them in 371 BC at the (Thebes defeated Sparta in 371 BC; the battle ended Sparta's military supremacy in Greece) Battle of Leuctra.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/s/sp/spartan_hegemony.htm (78 words)

	Spartan hegemony - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Spartan hegemony - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Sparta didn't annex Athens but established an oligarchy.
		This encyclopedia, history, geography and biography article about Spartan hegemony contains research on
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Spartan_hegemony (94 words)

	The End of the War: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Spartan King Pausanias permits democracy with amnesty for oligarchs at Eleusis
		Spartan harmosts and decarchies in Greek cities – Lysander's influence
		Thebans defeat Spartans and allies at Mantinea - death of Epaminondas
	www.brynmawr.edu /classics/redmonds/H13grhist.html (275 words)

	Lochagos.com - Wargaming in Antiquity
		The Spartan Hegemony was not always as harmonious as it seemed, frequently there was internal strife not just against Sparta herself but simply between her subject citystates.
		Twice in as many years a Spartan army marched on Argos and twice conflict was avoided by last minute diplomatic initiatives.
		Athens was still smarting from her previous defeat at Delium when she heard of the news in the south.
	www.lochagos.com /greece/scenario/mantinea_418 (1016 words)

	earlyempirespeoples
		Spartan King, 445-359 B.C. At the time of Spartan hegemony (since 404) he campaigned in Asia Minor
		With his death in 362 Theban hegemony ended.
		Spartan King since 480, the victor in the Battle of Plataea (479 B.C.), conquered Byzantium 478.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/sat/wb/ant/clasgr/clasgrbio.html (781 words)

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