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Topic: Spatial

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	Spatial geography
		Applications of spatial analysis techniques to determine the cloud seeding contribution to the rainfall in Israel.
		The spatial structure of the religious in Jerusalem,, 1959-1972.
		Spatial structure of a population in a metropolitan area.
	www.bgu.ac.il /NCRD/bib1/val/Spatial-geography.htm (741 words)

	Spatial Prediction
		Spatial prediction, in general, is any prediction method that incorporates spatial dependence.
		In fields such as petroleum exploration, mining, and water pollution analysis, data are available at specific spatial locations (such as experimental stations positioned above the ground or at certain distances in the air), and the goal is to predict unsampled locations.
		The unsampled locations are often mapped on a regular grid, and the predictions are used to produce surface plots or contour maps.
	support.sas.com /rnd/app/da/new/daspat.html (406 words)

	Spatial Intelligence
		Spatial ability is also "the more abstract intelligence of a chess master, a battle commander, or a theoretical physicist" (194), as well as the familiar ability to recognize objects, faces, and details.
		It is in the spatial intelligence that Gardner locates one of the activities most central to writing: the "ability to discern similarities across diverse domains." He praises Lewis Thomas's expressive analogies between biological phenomena and human concerns.
		Gardner's account of the spatial intelligence touches upon another ability that is crucial to good writing: the ability to convey a sense of the "whole" of a subject or of a piece of writing--a "gestalt" organization, different from the logical-mathematical kind of organization used, for example, in this article.
	www.longleaf.net /ggrow/7In/Spatial.html (986 words)

	Spatial Test Battery (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Spatial Test Battery (STB), developed by researchers at the Johns Hopkins University Center for Talented Youth, is a collection of subtests that assess various types of visual-spatial ability.
		Spatial ability has long been recognized as a factor contributing to success in mathematics, natural sciences, engineering, architecture, and other fields of study.
		Individuals with highly developed spatial ability, those who can see patterns in what appears to be confusion to others, will become more and more in demand in the fields of medicine, physics, engineering, mathematics, statistics, economics, and even finance.
	cty.jhu.edu /ts/stb.html (1407 words)

	Vector (spatial) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		A common example of a vector is force — it has a magnitude and an orientation in three dimensions (or however many spatial dimensions one has), and multiple forces sum according to the parallelogram law.
		Informally, a vector is a quantity characterized by a magnitude (in mathematics a number, in physics a number times a unit) and a direction, often represented graphically by an arrow.
		If a vector is itself spatial, the length of the arrow depends on a dimensionless scale.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Vector_(spatial) (2834 words)

	Spatial Data (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		With the creation of a robust and expansive spatial database, exciting population-environment analyses were enabled through the marriage of spatial and social data.
		Spatial Survey Data deals with the field collected survey data that was inherently or explicitly spatial in nature.
		The Spatial Variables page details and documents the variables that have been created using the spatial analyses, spatial datasets, or a combination of the spatial and social data.
	www.cpc.unc.edu /projects/nangrong/data/spatial_data (886 words)

	Vector (spatial) -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In (The science of matter and energy and their interactions) physics and (The discipline dealing with the art or science of applying scientific knowledge to practical problems) engineering, the word vector typically refers to a quantity that has close relationship to the spatial coordinates, informally described as an object with a "magnitude" and a "direction".
		In (A science (or group of related sciences) dealing with the logic of quantity and shape and arrangement) mathematics, a vector is any element of a (Click link for more info and facts about vector space) vector space over some (A piece of land cleared of trees and usually enclosed) field.
		The spatial vectors of this article are a very special case of this general definition (they are not simply any element of (The 18th letter of the Roman alphabet) R
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/v/ve/vector_(spatial).htm (2114 words)

	University of Chicago research shows that boys outperform girls by age 4 1/2
		Spatial skills, which help people figure out maps and interpret technical drawings, are important to everyday living as well as performing well in school and on the job.
		Spatial transformation is the general change in an individual’s view of the relationship between him or herself and an object or array of objects.
		The scholars studied mental because it is the spatial skill that other studies have shown to be the strongest determinant of differences in spatial skill between males and females.
	www-news.uchicago.edu /releases/99/991117.spatial.shtml (781 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Spatial dependence arising from underlying regional interactions in regional science data samples suggests the need to quantify and model the nature of the unspecified functional spatial dependence function f(), set forth in (1.1).
		Spatial clustering of the residuals would occur with positive and negative residuals appearing in distinct regions and patterns on the map.
		The spatial econometrics library functions rely on some of the utility functions and are implemented using a general design that provides a common user-interface for the entire toolbox of econometric estimation functions.
	www.rri.wvu.edu /WebBook/LeSage/spatial/spatial.html (12086 words)

	Spatial Logics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Spatial logics are specification logics for describing the behavior and spatial structure of concurrent systems.
		Logics for concurrent systems are certainly not new, but the intent to describe spatial properties, and in particular the spatial structure of distributed and mobile systems, seems to have arisen only recently.
		The spatial properties we consider are essentially of two kinds: whether a system is composed of two or more identifiable subsytems, possibly including hierarchies of named locations, and whether a system restricts the use of certain resources to certain subsytems.
	www.luca.demon.co.uk /SpatialLogics.htm (212 words)

	How to Deal with the Spatial Paradigm - OSNews.com
		"Spatial", on the other hand, is a very different concept of managing your files.
		Many people compare the spatial Nautilus to Windows Explorers (terrible) behaviour in Win95 - changing the setting to "open new folder in the same window" was probably the first thing that most of us did after completing a Win95 install.
		No one switches Windows XP from navigational to spatial (although it is possible, as I have shown).
	osnews.com /story.php?news_id=7548 (1340 words)

	Spatial Reasoning for Effective GIS
		Spatial Reasoning explores the basic concepts of map analysis and discusses emerging issues as GIS moves from the realm of research to widespread applications.
		Data mining, predictive modeling and dynamic simulation are new applications of GIS used to uncover spatial relationships and sensitivities among mapped data.
		This section discusses spatial topology and its extension to the classification of analytical GIS operations.
	www.innovativegis.com /basis/basis/spatial.htm (1180 words)

	Geography 516 Notes on spatial analysis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		It is a set of techniques for analyzing spatial data that range from simple exploratory techniques to sophisticated confirmatory methods.
		Spatial analysis is a way of developing a spatial perspective.
		Spatial analysis: a body of methods whose results are not invariant under changes in (depend on) the lcoations of the objects being analyzed.
	www.geog.ubc.ca /courses/geog516/notes/spatial_analysis.html (214 words)

	Spatial Hypertext: An Alternative to Navigational and Semantic Links
		Spatial hypertext has contributed to a number of these lines of hypertext research: playing into the discussion of hypertext literary theory; framing the discussion of visualization and interaction techniques for hypertext information; challenging the open-hypermedia research community with a different model of hypertext; and motivating work on Web workspaces.
		The representational malleability of spatial hypertext is also considered important; early critiques of the rhetoric of hypertext call for a need to reform the established structural rigidity of hypertext and move to a more exploratory one [Moulthrop 1991].
		Spatial hypertext, because of the lack of links or other explicit relationships between nodes, challenges the open-hypermedia research protocols to consider information structuring at a more abstract level [Nürnberg 1999].
	www.cs.brown.edu /memex/ACM_HypertextTestbed/papers/37.html (2554 words)

	Spatial Information Clearinghouse - Home (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Spatial data is the foundation of information systems that can empower users to make better decisions.
		This site is devoted to the understanding of the many facets of spatial data, and how that data can be implemented to increase efficiency and streamline workflow.
		The Spatial Data Issues section is a primer for the usage and understanding of spatial data.
	maic.jmu.edu /sic/home.htm (292 words)

	Vector (spatial) Info - Encyclopedia WikiWhat.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Although the word now has many meanings (see also vector, and generalizations below), its original and most common meaning in those fields is a quantity that has a close relationship to spatial directions.
		Often informally described as an object with a "magnitude" (size) and "direction", a vector is more formally defined by its relationship to the spatial coordinate system under rotations.
		Such a vector is a special case of a tensor and is also analogous to a four-vector in relativity (and is sometimes therefore called a three-vector in reference to the three spatial dimensions, although this term also has another meaning for p-vectors of differential geometry).
	www.wikiwhat.com /encyclopedia/v/ve/vector__spatial_.html (1939 words)

	Spatial Audio Work in the GVU MCG (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Spatial audio is sound that has been processed to give the listener a sense of the location of a virtual sound source and the characteristics of a virtual listening space.
		Spatial audio can be useful whenever a listener is presented with multiple auditory streams, requires information about the positions of events outside of the field of vision, or would benefit from increased immersion in an environment.
		For example, spatial audio may be limited to those applications for which a user is already wearing some sort of headgear, or for which the advantages of spatial sound outweigh the inconvenience of a headset.
	www.cc.gatech.edu /gvu/multimedia/spatsound/spatsound.html (1496 words)

	A review of spatial statistical techniques for location studies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Spatial data analysis ranges from the visualization and exploration of spatial data, through spatial statistics to spatial econometrics.
		Lattice observations are used in the study of dynamic externalities, and consequently the effects of testing hypotheses based on spatial series should be examined.
		Finally, attention will be drawn to problems arising from spatial non-stationarity, when causal relationships may vary across space, and from the modifiable areal unit problem, when test results are influenced by the choice of spatial aggregation employed.
	www.nhh.no /geo/gib/gib1998/gib98-3/lund.html (285 words)

	Spatial Accuracy Research Group
		The audience of the SARG are researchers and GIS specialists (see visitors by countries) interested to make use of the uncertainty in spatial data.
		The 6th International Symposium on Spatial Accuracy Assessment in Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences and the 15th Annual Conference of The Environmetrics Society (TIES) met jointly June 28 — July 1, 2004, at the Holiday Inn By The Bay in Portland, Maine, USA.
		Spatial Accuracy Research Group (SARG) consists of three main parts: (a) the SARG steering committee and (b) wider group of about 120 members and (c) guest members.
	www.spatial-accuracy.org (544 words)

	The Spatial RDBMS in the Enterprise - Articles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Additionally it is important that a spatial database adheres to open standards. By adhering to open standards one maintains flexibility and is able to acquire technology from a wide range of vendors who also support the standards. Adherence to open standards ensures interoperability.
		Spatial functions allow users to perform operations such as creating a buffer around an object. Spatial functions take an input, perform an operation on that input, which in turn results in a new geometry.
		Spatial predicates allow users to query the database to return a true or false answer. An example of a spatial function is “does voter a fall in election district x?”
	www.directionsmag.com /article.php?article_id=259 (574 words)

	Spatial Systems \| Tools for the Geospatial Information Infrastructure (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Spatial Systems' mission is to use GIS and GPS as enabling technologies that allow users to explore and understand the spatial characteristics of our world to live better and to better maintain harmony with all that surrounds us.
		Spatial Systems' mission is to provide software and services utilizing GIS, GPS and radio technologies to facilitate the integration of geographic information into the daily lives of people who can benefit from it.
		Spatial Systems is especially devoted to high quality work, customer satisfaction and embracing new challenges that push the boundaries of current technology.
	www.spatial-systems.com (208 words)

	Spatial Tools
		Spatial tools is an ArcView extension which provides a collection of grid tools made available through the program's GUI (Graphical User Interface).
		Other grid operations and functions not currently available through Spatial Analyst or Spatial Tools menus can be accessed through the use of the additional extensions and Avenue Requests.
		The exceptions are the Profile and Profile with Feature Points operations which require a combination of active grid, line and point feature themes, and Clip Grid, which requires a selected graphic object as well as an active grid theme to perform the analysis.
	www.absc.usgs.gov /glba/gistools/spatialtools_doc.htm (2020 words)

	CSISS Search: Spatial Econometrics
		Spatial Econometrics James LeSage This text provides an introduction to spatial econometrics as well as a set of MATLAB functions that implement a host of spatial econometric estimation methods.
		The recent dissemination of a spatial analytic perspective in the social sciences (outside of the discipline of geography) is often attributed to the rapid spread of GIS technology to the desktop and the availability of a vast array of geographically referenced socio-economic data.
		Using nearest neighbor spatial dependence leads to a closed form for the eigenvalues and hence the log-determinant of the spatial weight matrix.
	csiss.org /cgi-bin/texis/webinator/tjw98?...&query=Spatial+Econometrics (1002 words)

	NCGIA Research Initiatives
		This initiative had as its broad aim the development of an appropriate fundamental theory of spatial relations using natural language and mathematics, based on the formalization of geometric concepts as they are used in GIS and the cognitive aspects of spatial relations.
		The three primary components of the research framework include: theories of individual and organizational behavior (particularly their relevance in understanding impediments and incentives to the sharing of information); the arenas among which sharing of spatial data occurs, could occur, or could be enhanced; and observations of the process of spatial data sharing in existing settings.
		Because of the great value of digital spatial data, its potential for altering government's relationships with citizens, and its potential for intrusiveness, concerns over the handling of digital spatial data will be substantial factors in society's reconciliation of competing social, economic, and political interests in electronic data generally.
	www.ncgia.ucsb.edu /research/initiatives.html (2398 words)

	Spatial Data Explorer-Caldwell County, NC
		Spatial Data Explorer-Caldwell County, NC Spatial Data Explorer (SDX) allows users to create "live" maps and query public information from the Geographic Information System (GIS) of Caldwell County, North Carolina.
		Maps and other data in Spatial Data Explorer were developed from public records and data sources including recorded deeds, plats, and other public records.
		Maps created using Spatial Data Explorer are NOT of land survey quality and are NOT suitable for such use.
	maps.co.caldwell.nc.us (206 words)

	STATISTICAL RESOURCES FOR SPATIAL DATA ANALYSIS IN THE SOCIAL SCIENCES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Explanatory spatial statistical data analysis is built on the premise that the location of the observations drawn from a geographical area provides distinct and important information which has to be utilized and accounted for in statistical models.
		If a region is divided into a number of areas surveyed by separate research teams, there may be a systematic spatial variation in the outcome due to minor differences in the measurement techniques implemented by the teams.
		SpaceStat is a comprehensive package accompanied by a tutorial that covers both the theoretical concepts of spatial data analysis and their implementation in the software.
	www-sul.stanford.edu /depts/ssrg/ssds/gis_spatialstats.shtml (1057 words)

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