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Topic: Spatial disorientation

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	Spatial disorientation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Spatial disorientation is a condition in which an aircraft pilot's perception of up-and-down (proprioception) does not agree with reality.
		Good spatial orientation on the ground relies on the effective perception, integration, and interpretation of visual, vestibular (organs of equilibrium located in the inner ear), and proprioceptive (receptors located in the skin, muscles, tendons, and joints) sensory information.
		Good spatial orientation relies on the effective perception, integration and interpretation of visual, vestibular (organs of equilibrium located in the inner ear) and proprioceptive (receptors located in the skin, muscles, tendons, and joints) sensory information.
	www.wikimoz.org /wiki/en/wikipedia/s/sp/spatial_disorientation.html (4171 words)

	Taipei Times - archives (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		"Spatial disorientation" is the most likely cause behind the suspected crash of an F-5F twin-seat fighter jet off Taitung on Friday, military analysts said yesterday.
		Quoting an air force general, Chang said there is no way to prevent spatial disorientation from happening since no combat pilot could know in advance when and where it might occur.
		Spatial disorientation is suspected to also be the cause of the mysterious crashes of two F-16s and one Mirage 2000-5 fighter plane between 1998 and 1999.
	www.taipeitimes.com /News/archives/2001/10/08/0000106207/print (538 words)

	pilot spatial disorientation
		Spatial orientation in flight is difficult to achieve because numerous sensory stimuli (visual, vestibular, and proprioceptive) vary in magnitude, direction, and frequency.
		The proprioceptive receptors (proprioceptors) are special sensors located in the skin, muscles, tendons, and joints that play a very small role in maintaining spatial orientation in normal individuals.
		It is important to know the difference between spatial disorientation and airsickness.
	www.pilotfriend.com /aeromed/medical/spat_disorientation.htm (2349 words)

	Spatial Disorientation the Key to OSU Kingair 200- Crash
		Spatial disorientation occurs, the NTSB says, when a pilot has inadequate visual information or fails to attend to or properly interpret available information regarding the airplane's pitch and bank.
		Spatial disorientation can occur in a banked airplane when it rolls very slowly at a rate that is not detected by the motion-sensing organs of the inner ear.
		Spatial disorientation can also occur in a banked airplane when a constant-rate turn is maintained and stimulation of the inner ear organs ceases.
	www.iasa.com.au /folders/Safety_Issues/RiskManagement/theOSUdisaster.html (4171 words)

	FM 3-04.301Chptr 9 Spatial Disorientation
		Spatial disorientation is an individual’s inability to determine his or her position, attitude, and motion relative to the surface of the earth or significant objects; for example, trees, poles, or buildings during hover.
		In Type III spatial disorientation, the pilot experiences such an overwhelming sensation of movement that he or she cannot orient himself or herself by using visual cues or the aircraft instruments.
		Spatial disorientation becomes dangerous when pilots become incapable of making their instruments read right.
	www.cavalrypilot.com /fm1-301/ch9.htm (4186 words)

	Atlas Aviation - SPATIAL DISORIENTATION
		Spatial orientation defines our natural ability to maintain our body orientation and/or posture in relation to the surrounding environment (physical space) at rest and during motion.
		Spatial orientation in flight is sometimes difficult to achieve because the various types of sensory stimuli (visual, vestibular, and proprioceptive) vary in magnitude, direction, and frequency.
		The Aeromedical Education Division of the FAA Civil Aerospace Medical Institute offers spatial disorientation demonstrations with the GYRO and the VRSDD in Oklahoma City and at all of the major airshows in the continental U.S. Obtain training and maintain your proficiency in aircraft control by reference to instruments.
	www.atlasaviation.com /medical/spatial_disorientation.htm (1641 words)

	Spatial Disorientation Stroies
		Spatial disorientation (vertigo) is something that any pilot who has flown in actual instrument meteorological conditions, or overwater at night, has or will experience at one point or another during his flying career.
		Spatial disorientation was intentionally induced by my instructor during my instrument training work.
		Spatial disorientation is inevitable when flying as a wingman in formation in the weather.
	www.omen.com /f/sd.html (17298 words)

	Plane & Pilot Magazine \| Feature Articles \| Surviving Spatial Disorientation
		The 1954 Stonecipher study indicated that the average life expectancy of a non-instrument-rated pilot in instrument conditions was an impressive 178 seconds, measured from the onset of instrument conditions to the loss of control due to spatial disorientation.
		Coping with spatial disorientation is one of those areas that requires a high level of all three of these competencies.
		We humans are vulnerable to spatial disorientation because four of the data sources (semi-circular canals, maculae/sacculae, pressure sensation and proprioceptors) are unable to distinguish between gravity and centrifugal forces.
	www.planeandpilotmag.com /content/2003/may/disorientation.html (1490 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Spatial disorientation to a pilot means simply the inability to tell which way is "up." b.
		Other factors which contribute to disorientation are reflections from outside lights, sunlight shining through clouds, and reflected light from the anticollision rotating beacon.
		You, the pilot, should understand the elements contributing to spatial disorientation so as to prevent loss of aircraft control if these conditions are inadvertently encountered.
	www.soaringsafety.org /publication/ac60-4a.txt (566 words)

	paper03aing
		Spatial disorientation is a contributory factor in about 12% of all fatal airline accidents, around 20% of military accidents, and probably even more in general aviation.
		Correct spatial orientation is replaced by spatial disorientation in which perception of body and aircraft positions is false.
		It is believed that all aircrew and spacecrew experience disorientation at some stage during their careers, but it is only when control of the aircraft or the spacecraft is based on false perceptions that incidents and accidents may occur [2].
	www.ipct.pucrs.br /microg/papers/paper03cing.html (1779 words)

	Spatial Disorientation - every which way but up
		Spatial Disorientation - every which way but up....
		When the brain receives a conflicting secondary input that says the body is tilting or rotating, and the primary sensor of vision says it is not, or vice versa, the orientation perception becomes confused.
		In the external sense, disorientation is not usually a problem if there is a clear view.
	www.aerobatics.org.uk /repeats/spatial_disorientation.htm (2269 words)

	Plane & Pilot Magazine \| Feature Articles \| Keeping The Blue Side Up
		During the last decade, spatial disorientation was cited as the cause of at least 271 accidents.
		Spatial disorientation is basically a state of not knowing which end is up.
		Spatial disorientation in flight is a terrifying experience with potentially lethal consequences.
	www.planeandpilotmag.com /content/2002/aug/bluesideup.html (1693 words)

	Publication Abstracts- Aerospace Medical Association
		Spatial disorientation that occurs while landing aircraft during night operations may result in accidents and fatalities which are often classified as secondary to "pilot error." It has now been determined that the use of "expedient" lights, which include flares, flashlights, automobile headlights, etc., can induce spatial disorientation in pilots.
		The element that contributes to induction of spatial disorientation is the "point source of light" provided by these lights.
		Pilots who develop "after images" during the final stage of landing a helicopter at night are predisposed to experiencing spatial disorientation, leading to aircraft mishaps.
	www.asma.org /journal/abstracts/v70n6/v70n6p598.html (293 words)

	Daniel Webster College :: Anne Bridge Baddour Library :: Research Guides :: Aviation Psychology & Medicine :: ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Spatial disorientation and dysfunction of orientation/equilibrium reflexes: aeromedical evaluation and considerations.
		Spatial disorientation in naval aviation mishaps: a review of class A incidents from 1980 through 1989.
		Survey of spatial disorientation in military pilots and navigators Sept. 2003 p.
	www.dwc.edu /library/spatial_disorientation.shtml (121 words)

	178
		Because pilots have never experience spatial disorientation in a controlled situation, they do not know how incapacitating it can be, or how to avoid it.
		It is hard to believe that if the pilot had known the risks associated with spatial disorientation, he would have made the decision to make this flight.
		Many of the fatal, weather-involved general aviation accidents are caused by the pilot’s mistaken idea of his or her ability to cope with flight in reduced visibility.
	www.aviation.uiuc.edu /institute/research/arl/technical-reports/178SecondstoLive.html (2026 words)

	Essay Samples about Spatial Disorientation
		Army, disorientation can be defined as "an individual’s inability to determine his or her position, attitude, and motion relative to the surface of the earth or significant objects (army).
		Spatial disorientation is most commonly linked with illusions, which include erroneous information received from most of the sensory systems in the body.
		The most common of spatial disorientation would be the leans, and when the pilot fails to realize that the aircraft is involved in a lean.
	www.essaysamples.net /show_essay/78568.html (236 words)

	Imperial - Medical Research Council Spatial Disorientation Group
		The Medical Research Council Spatial Disorientation Group researches systems-physiological and behavioural aspects of spatial disorientation as it affects normal people in a modern environment, pilots and vehicle operators in extreme environments and patients with sensory neurological diseases.
		A current hypothesis under evaluation is that individuals susceptible to disorientation, such as fallers, are unable to enhance perception appropriately to environmental challenges.
		Both vehicle operators who become susceptible to disorientation and patients with otological disease differ greatly, both in how much they are affected by experiences of disorientation and vertigo and in how long it may take for them to recover.Understanding the reasons for individual differences would have profound implications for personnel selection, rehabilitation and training.
	www1.imperial.ac.uk /medicine/about/divisions/neuro/npmdepts/clinneuroscience/movandbal/otology/mabmotion (1003 words)

	Spatial Disorientation Deaths of VFR Pilots
		It is clear from these actions, that Kennedy was spatially disoriented and either inverted his plane prior to the final descent, or entered an unrecoverable spin.
		Spatial Disorientation is the result of losing visual orientation to the horizon, which can occur in both VFR and IFR conditions.
		It is the conclusion of the authors that spatial disorientation is the result of pilot error, in that the Pilot In Command (PIC) has the final operational word regarding the safe conduct of his flight.
	members.aol.com /SVG2253/VFR.htm (731 words)

	Visual Orientation and Spatial Memory: Mechanisms and Countermeasures
		The goal of this multi-institutional NSBRI research is to better understand human visual orientation, spatial memory and navigation problems in 1-G and 0-G, and to develop countermeasures.
		We hypothesize that if spatial landmark knowledge of actual flight configuration is acquired using appropriate VR training techniques, difficult mental rotations may be less frequently required.
		In 0-G parabolic flight, cells show normal spatial tuning when the animal locomotes on the floor of the test chamber, but often loose their tuning and show an increase in background level when on the wall or ceiling.
	www.nsbri.org /Research/Projects/viewsummary.epl?pid=123 (862 words)

	Eat Healthy. Live Happy. - Spatial Disorientation in Aviation (Progress in Astronautics and Aeronautics)
		Spatial disorientation has been blamed for 20% of all fatal mishaps in military aviation and has been named as a factor in many high-profile civilian accidents, such as the death of John F. Kennedy Jr.
		The book examines the long history of spatial disorientation in flight, describes the movements of aircraft in mathematical detail, and explains how these movements can conspire to fool human sensory systems that evolved for life on the ground.
		Much of the book is technical, but it is also rich in real-world statistics and anecdotes about accidents and close calls that have been attributed to spatial disorientation.
	www.valuerecipes.com /index.php/trade/productinfo/ASIN/1563476541 (306 words)

	General Aviation Accidents Involving Spatial Disorientation - Report Abstract (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		National Transportation Safety Board accident data for 1983-1991 were used to compare those general aviation accident cases that involved spatial disorientation (SD) with all others.
		Spatial disorientation accidents accounted for a small number of crashes, but they were very severe--fatalities occurred in 92%, they accounted for 9.9% of the fatal accidents, 11% of the fatalities and in 95% the aircraft were destroyed.
		The results suggest that the pilots in SD accidents lacked the flight experience necessary to recognize or cope with the stimuli that induce SD, which was compounded by fatigue, alcohol/drugs or pressure and other psychological and physical impairments.
	www.beta-research.com /r0260302abstract.html (323 words)

	AeroMedical Training Institute (AMTI) - Spatial Disorientation Instructor Training Program
		Since Spatial Disorientation and loss of Situational Awareness account for over half of the major aircraft mishaps each year, these courses substantially improve flying safety.
		After the academic portion of the curriculum is complete, hands-on training using the Spatial Disorientation Training Device is conducted by the AMTI instructor.
		The AMTI training is structured to produce highly competent instructors for the customer who have the knowledge and skills to provide safe and effective Spatial Disorientation training to air crews.
	www.amtiusa.com /amti_spatial.htm (749 words)

	HAI Website > Home ::
		The GYROLAB GL-1500 will be used to train high performance aircraft pilots to deal with the problems of Spatial Disorientation, loss of Situational Awareness, and recovery from unusual flight attitudes or conditions that can occur during maneuvering flight.
		Spatial Disorientation remains a largely unsolved and serious problem for air forces all over the world.
		Worldwide, losses due to spatial disorientation result in hundreds of millions of dollars and many lives each year.
	www.rotor.com /Default.aspx?tabid=510&mid=905&newsid905=50938&&SkinSrc=%5bG%5dSkins%2f_default%2fNo+Skin&ContainerSrc=%5bG%5dContainers%2f_default%2fNo+Container&dnnprintmode=true (610 words)

	CRISP - Computer Retrieval of Information on Scientific Projects, Abstract Display
		Spatial disorientation in AD has been attributed to pervasive memory dysfunction, but it can present without evident memory deficits.
		Alternatively, spatial disorientation in AD may reflect a reduction in the size of the spatial window of attention; the area of the visual field that is simultaneously accessed by cognition.
		I propose to immerse myself in the study of spatial disorientation in Alzheimer's disease for the next five years.
	crisp.cit.nih.gov /crisp/CRISP_LIB.getdoc?textkey=6575804&p_grant_num=1K23AG020647-01A1&p_query=&ticket=2993711&p_audit_session_id=14622351&p_keywords= (300 words)

	Human Aerospace Laboratory
		The possibility of extending shuttle missions is currently under investigation, and it is likely that the incidence and severity of spatial disorientation during reentry will increase with flight duration.
		Despite the potential impact on landing operations, the basis of microgravity-related spatial disorientation is poorly understood.
		The aim of this proposal is to obtain basic data on the characteristics of head and eye movements during simulated Orbiter landings.
	www.mssm.edu /labs/moores01/projects_hecsim.htm (475 words)

	Learn Essays about Spatial Disorientation
		Spatial disorientation is when a pilot loses his sense of where he is in relation to the earth.
		Between 1990 and 1999, spatial disorientation has caused 271accidents, 244 of which were fatal.
		One of the best ways to appreciate the power of spatial disorientation is to experience it your self, and the best way to know how to be aware of it, and react to it is through training.
	www.learnessays.com /show_essay/123658.html (205 words)

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