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Topic: Spawning, marine invertebrates

	Références Bibliographiques
		Spawning of the Iceland scallop (Chlamys islandica Mueller, 1776) in the northern Gulf of St. Lawrence and its relationship to temperature and phytoplankton abundance.
		Pennington, J. The ecology of fertilization of echinoid eggs: the consequences of sperm dilution, adult aggregation, and synchronous spawning.
		Shanks, A. Apparent oceanographic triggers to the spawning of the limpet Lottia digitalis (Rathke).
	www.theses.ulaval.ca /2004/21737/apa.html (1261 words)

	Biological Oceanography and Marine Biology
		Many marine biologists are primarily interested in the biology of marine organisms themselves including their physiology, behavior, feeding biology, biochemistry, or reproduction.
		Ecological physiology of invertebrates and fishes; biological oceanography; physiology of deep-sea animals; metabolic adaptations of hydrothermal vent animals; chemoautotrophic endosymbioses.
		Biochemistry, cellular and molecular biology of fertilization; signal transduction during egg activation; evolution of gamete recognition molecules in free-spawning marine invertebrates.
	www.marinegp.ucsb.edu /research/biology/biology.php (622 words)

	Use and Exploitation of Marine Invertebrates (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		We will cover a few different phyla of marine invertebrates and review different aspects as to how these different species are affected by humans and how they affect their surrounding environment.
		Marine invertebrates are a very important part to the food chains within the marine environment.
		A sea urchin is a marine invertebrate that grazes along the floor and substrates of the ocean’s coastal waterways.
	it.stlawu.edu /~bbaldwin/trio (2978 words)

	New Jersey Scuba Diver - Marine Biology - Invertebrates - Overview
		Invertebrates are tremendously diverse, ranging from microscopic wormlike mezozoans to huge animals such as the giant squid.
		Invertebrates are important as parasites and are essential elements of all ecological communities.
		Cnidaria is a phylum of invertebrate animals comprising the sea anemones, corals, jellyfish, and hydroids.
	www.njscuba.net /biology/misc_ov_invertebrates.html (3224 words)

	Overview of the Conservation of Australian Marine Invertebrates
		The ambitious Census of Marine Life[2] (Malakoff 2000) aims to document all marine life but at present the number of marine invertebrate species cannot be accurately estimated because many groups, particularly those that are very small or obscure, have not been well studied and even the better known groups still have many undescribed species.
		Norse (1997) argued that the marine ecosystem diversity exceeds that of the land and Knowlton (2001) and others have argued that coral reefs are the marine equivalent to rainforests in species diversity.
		Marine ecosystems are most productive and diverse at the edges of the sea, where human population densities, growth and impact are greatest.
	www.amonline.net.au /invertebrates/marine_overview/chapt1mn.html (2136 words)

	Advances in sea cucumber aquaculture and management
		It becomes especially important for freely spawning marine invertebrates, like most holothurians, that may waste a large portion of their gametes if this synchronization is not well orchestrated.
		As expected from reports pertaining to other marine invertebrates (McClintock and Watts, 1990; Hamel and Mercier, 1995a, 1996a), photoperiod appeared necessary to initiate the gametic cycle of sea cucumbers as only individuals collected after the first increase of day length were able to complete their development when subsequently kept under constant conditions (Figure 1).
		Although the ability of PCF to induce spawning has been clearly established, including its efficiency when spread in the water column, the path of its transmission and true function in natural spawning events is not fully understood.
	www.fao.org /docrep/007/y5501e/y5501e15.htm (3882 words)

	Sperm availability in the sea and the evolution of mating strategies
		Male abundance and fertilization success in free-spawning marine invertebrates: Review of the evidence and fisheries implications.
		1995 Levitan, D.R. The ecology of fertilization in free-spawning invertebrates.
		1988 Levitan, D.R. Asynchronous spawning and aggregative behavior in the sea urchin Diadema antillarum Philippi.
	bio.fsu.edu /~levitan/mating_strategies.php (656 words)

	HOME BREEDERS FAQ FOR MARINE INVERTEBRATES
		This is of course, a thumbnail sketch of marine invertebrate taxa (I haven't even hit half the phyla!) and their developmental modes, but it should at least give you a rough idea of what you may be getting into if you really want to breed that specific critter in your tank.
		For many marine invertebrates, it is not uncommon to produce tens of thousands, or even hundreds of thousands of viable eggs in a single spawn.
		Many marine invertebrates have yet to be spawned under "natural" conditions in the lab, and in such cases they are induced to spawn, or are "artificially spawned" (a lovely euphemism for being killed to strip the animals of ripe gametes).
	trickstr.tripod.com /breedfaq.htm (9705 words)

	MEGMAR marine biodiversity
		Data on dispersal of marine organisms has been very difficult to acquire, not least because of the problems of observing direct movements in the sea.
		We are implementing a multi-disciplinary and multi-investigator framework to rapidly and effectively estimate dispersal in groups of marine organisms with contrasting dispersal capabilities: wobbegong sharks, bottlenose and common dolphins, sea-urchins, abalones, ascidians and oysters.
		The combined outcomes will be used to address three key topics in marine biodiversity that have enormous implications for public, governmental, and scientific communities: (i) design of marine protected areas (MPAs), (ii) management and conservation of marine resources, and (iii) understanding dispersal in the sea.
	www.bio.mq.edu.au /molecularecology/megmar.htm (1483 words)

	Research - Marine Science and Technology - University of Newcastle
		Caldwell, G.S., Taylor, R.L., Olive, P.J.W., Bentley, M.G. Diatom reproductive toxicology: Implications for marine ecosystems and aquaculture.
		Inhibition of embryonic development and fertilization in broadcast spawning marine invertebrates by water soluble diatom extracts and the diatom toxin 2-trans,4-trans decadienal.
		In: NERC thematic programme: Developmental Ecology of Marine Animals 2001, University of Liverpool, UK Caldwell, G.S., Olive, P.J.W. and Bentley, M.G. The diatom toxin 2,trans,4,trans decadienal inhibits fertilization and embryonic development in the polychaetes Arenicola marina (L.) and Nereis (Neanthes) virens (Sars).
	www.ncl.ac.uk /marine/research/publications?staff=4086 (395 words)

	Myresearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The worms are dug up before the breeding season at various locations around the coastline where breeding times are known so that they can be kept in aquaria in advance of their natural spawning time.
		Fertilization success of broadcast spawning marine invertebrates such as lugworms is determined by a variety of biochemical, environmental and stochastic factors.
		Spawning too early (or too late) in response to inappropriate environmental or chemical cues may lead to the release of 'unripe' oocytes and consequently poor fertilization and failure of an annual cohort to be recruited into a population.
	www.students.ncl.ac.uk /lucie.hannah/myresearch.htm (400 words)

	Remarkable Longevity of Dilute Sperm in a Free-Spawning Colonial Ascidian -- Johnson and Yund 206 (3): 144 -- The ...
		Andronikov, V. Heat resistance of gametes of marine invertebrates in relation to temperature conditions under which the species exist.
		Sperm precedence in a novel context: mating in a sessile marine invertebrate with dispersing sperm.
		Levitan, D. The importance of sperm limitation to the evolution of egg size in marine invertebrates.
	www.biolbull.org /cgi/content/full/206/3/144 (3972 words)

	International Field Guides: Marine Invertebrates
		250 species of marine invertebrates found between low and high tide marks on rocky shores plus some sand and muddy shore invertebrates.
		Tropical Marine Invertebrates of Southern Florida and the Bahama Islands.
		Marine Invertebrates: Indian Ocean and the Central Pacific.
	www.library.uiuc.edu /bix/fieldguides/marine.htm (1488 words)

	DIALOG Dissertation Abstracts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Allee (1931) first reported that reproductive success in free-spawning marine invertebrates was dependent on population density.
		However, little attention was paid to the 'Allee' effect until Pennington's (1985) pivotal paper describing the consequeces of sperm dilution in echinoid fertilization.
		The laboratory-derived data were used with models of sperm dispersal and field experiments to determine minimum stocking densities that would be required to support successful recruitment in adult populations of these commercial shellfish, in an attempt to combat the 'Allee' effect.
	aslo.org /phd/dialog/200105-10.html (238 words)

	Don R. Levitan - Publications
		Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 190:221-241.
		The analysis of paternity and maternity in the marine hydrozoan
		Molecular Ecology 2:315-326.1993 Levitan, D.R. The importance of sperm limitation to the evolution of egg size in marine invertebrates.
	bio.fsu.edu /levitan/publications.php (946 words)

	Fertilization success in free-spawning marine invertebrates (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Recent studies have suggested that the probability of fertilization success in free-spawning marine invertebrates increases with larger egg sizes.
		The eggs of many species release compounds which activate sperm and induce swimming toward the egg.
		The implications of these findings for existing hypotheses on the evolution of egg size will be discussed.
	www.mbari.org /seminars/1998/jun17_havenhand.html (245 words)

	Publications, Toby Bolton, Biological Sciences, Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Mechanical forces imposed on echinoid eggs during spawning: mitigation of forces by fibrous networks within egg extracellular layers.
		Partitioning of maternal energy to eggs and egg extracellular layers in the echinoid Arbacia punctulata: life-history implications for free-spawning marine invertebrates.
		Shear stress experienced by echinoderm eggs in the oviduct during spawning: potential role in the evolution of egg extracellular layers.
	www.scieng.flinders.edu.au /biology/people/bolton_t/publications.html (320 words)

	SF Bay Marine Invertebrates Bibliography
		Proceedings of the Symposium on Settlement and Metamorphosis of Marine Invertebrate Larvae, American Zoological Society Meeting, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, December 27-28, 1977.
		Columbia, SC: Published for the Belle W. Baruch Institute for Marine Biology and Coastal Research by the University of South Carolina Press, 1979.
		Strathmann, Megumi F. Reproduction and Development of Marine Invertebrates of the Northern Pacific Coast: Data and Methods for the Study of Eggs, Embryos, and Larvae.
	www.calacademy.org /research/library/biodiv/biblio/sf_marine_invert.htm (1183 words)

	Bamfield Marine Sciences Centre
		Levitan, D.R.; Sewell, M.A. Male abundance and fertilization success in free-spawning marine invertebrates: Review of the evidence and fisheries implications.
		In: Proceedings of the North Pacific Symposium on Invertebrate Stock Assessment and Management, edited by G.S. Jamieson and A. Campbell (Canadian Special Publication in Fisheries and Aquatic Science 125), pp.
		Shaw, J.R.; Wood, C.M.; Birge, W.J.; Hogstrand, C. Toxicity of silver to a marine teleost, the tidepool sculpin ("Oligocottus maculosus''): effects of salinity and ammonia.
	bms.bc.ca /library/publications-1998.htm (956 words)

	Cynthia Riginos - Current Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		For free-spawning marine invertebrates, pre-zygotic isolation is largely limited to the timing of gamete release and to the interactions of proteins expressed on the surfaces of eggs and sperm.
		Coastal marine organisms generally have a bi-partite life cycle where adults are relatively sedentary but planktonic larvae have the potential to disperse over large distances.
		In my dissertation research, I demonstrated that for blennioid fishes there is a correlation between gene flow and larval spatial distribution; species whose larvae develop close to shore have a genetic signature characteristic of low gene flow whereas species whose larvae disperse off-shore have a signature of high gene flow.
	www.duke.edu /~riginos/curr_res.html (743 words)

	RESEARCH
		The molecular work holds promise as harbingers of ecological change as gene expression is the first step in the response of microorganisms to their environment and ultimately to shifts in ecosystem function.
		Subjects under study include bacterial degradation of weathered oils in marine sediments, the effects of the physical state of the hydrocarbons on the degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons and the role of anaerobic activity on petroleum decomposition in coastal sediments.
		The objectives of this initial experiment were to: (1) compare estimates of groundwater seepage into a well-defined coastal marine environment by several techniques; (2) evaluate various analytical methods for measuring natural tracers; and (3) gain experience in the design of an SGD intercomparison in anticipation of more extensive experiments in the future.
	www.fsu.edu /~fsuml/research_education.html (6024 words)

	Craig Styan - Profile
		Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology, 36: 59-65.
		Marshall, D.J., Styan, C.A. and Keough, M.J. (2002) Sperm environment affects larval characteristics of broadcast spawning marine invertebrates.
		Styan, C.A. (1998) Polyspermy, egg size and the fertilization kinetics of free-spawning marine invertebrates.
	www.bio.usyd.edu.au /staff/styan/publications.htm (313 words)

	The Grosberg Lab > University of California at Davis
		In addition, Mike has active research interests in scyphozoan systematics, comparative biogeography and phylogeography, rapid evolutionary radiation in marine zooplankton, conservation genetics of marine fishes, and the community ecology of marine lakes.
		He uses a variety of molecular and theoretical approaches to re-construct the demographic, genetic, and geographic history of marine communities.
		In collaboration with the Packard-sponsored Partnerships for Interdisciplinary Studies of Coastal Oceans (PISCO), John is now coordinating several projects sponsored by the Andrew Mellon Foundation that relate current and historic patterns of dispersal and recruitment of near shore marine invertebrates along the Pacific Coast to patterns of genetic structure.
	www.eve.ucdavis.edu /grosberg/grosdocs1.htm (554 words)

	John Crimaldi: Publications
		Investigations of fundamental turbulent mixing processes with applications to biological phenomena such as broadcast-spawning.
		Research Description: Experimental investigations of the role of structured turbulence on mixing processes, with applications to the fertilization success of broadcast-spawning marine invertebrates.
		Research Description: Numerical investigation of the role of structured turbulence on the fertilization success of broadcast-spawning marine invertebrates.
	civil.colorado.edu /~crimaldi/students.html (196 words)

	Maternal energy investment in eggs and jelly coats surrounding eggs of the echinoid Arbacia punctulata -- Bolton et al. ...
		In free-spawning marine invertebrates, the amount of maternal energy that
		The eggs of echinoids are freely spawned into the
		Copyright © 2000 by the Marine Biological Laboratory.
	www.biolbull.org /cgi/content/abstract/199/1/1 (400 words)

	The Boxwood Press: Reproduction of Marine invertebrates, Volume VI (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The Boxwood Press: Reproduction of Marine invertebrates, Volume VI Reproduction of
		Their reproduction strategies provide insight into cell studies, genetics and evolution, and invertebrate taxonomy.
		Sexual reproduction, anatomy, gametogenesis, spawning, and development, including fertilization, embryogenesis, and larval stages.
	www.redshift.com /~ralphb/repro6.htm (98 words)

	SICB - 2004 meeting - Abstract Details (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Documented cases of natural hybridization among species of free-spawning marine invertebrates are few, however species within the M.
		Blue mussel hybrid zones therefore provide a unique opportunity to examine the evolution of gametic incompatibility in free-spawning marine invertebrates in the absence of physical barriers to genetic exchange.
		Previous work demonstrated strong gametic incompatibility between most Mytilus edulis and Mytilus trossulus from sympatric populations within the Gulf of Maine, but showed that some M.
	www.sicb.org /meetings/2004/schedule/abstractdetails.php3?id=747 (266 words)

	MBC Scientists (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Natural history of prokaryotes; marine prokaryotic diversity, community structure and ecology; molecular approaches in microbial ecology.
		Marine biology; metamorphosis of marine invertebrate larvae; crustose red algae and corals; tropical reefs.
		Seaweed biotechnology; protoplast, callus and cell culture; tissue culture and genetic manipulations; aquaculture of marine plants and silkfish; microbial recyclers of marine pollution.
	www.msi.ucsb.edu /msilinks/MBC/MBCtexts/mbcscint.htm (298 words)

	Marine Fish, Invertebrates, Live Rock, Corals
		Please use the post office to e-mail us information that may be beneficial to the hobby or post the information to the appropriate newsgroup.
		This includes things like spawning events of animals not previously known to spawn in captivity, etc.
		In addition to quality, Reef Tectonics is offering one of the largest selections of marine fishes, invertebrates, and liverock available.
	www.reeftectonics.com /introduction.htm (590 words)

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