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	Speak Mandarin Campaign - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Speak Mandarin Campaign (SMC; Simplified Chinese: 讲华语运动) is an initiative to encourage Singapore's ethnic Chinese population to speak Mandarin, the official language of China, commonly referred to as "Putonghua" in Chinese.
		The motivation was to discourage the use of various chinese dialects by the Chinese Singaporeans and to encourage the speaking of Mandarin as a common language among the Chinese population.
		From 1979 to 1981, the Speak Mandarin Campaign was targeted at Chinese Singaporeans, in particular, specific groups such as hawkers, public transport workers, white-collar workers and senior executives, to encourage them to speak Mandarin instead of dialects so that they can better communicated with each other, especially among various dialect groups.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Speak_Mandarin_Campaign (592 words)

	Mandarin (linguistics) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Standard Mandarin is the official spoken language of the People's Republic of China, the Republic of China (Taiwan), and one of the official spoken languages of Singapore.
		The presence of Mandarin in southwest China is largely due to a plague in the 12th century in Sichuan.
		However, both versions of "school" Mandarin are often quite different from the Mandarin that is spoken in accordance with regional habits, and neither is identical to even Beijing dialect.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mandarin_(linguistics) (1642 words)

	AllRefer.com - Singapore - Language Planning \| Singaporean Information Resource
		The most ambitious aspect of Singapore's language planning and attempted social engineering was the campaign to replace the Chinese "dialects" with Mandarin, called the "mother tongue." The Speak Mandarin campaign began in 1979 as a PAP project and was subsequently institutionalized in the Mandarin Campaign Secretariat in the Ministry of Communications and Information.
		The promotion of Mandarin as a common Chinese language dates back to the early years of the century, when it was associated with the rise of Chinese nationalism and the foundation of Chinese schools.
		Mandarin classes were offered by the Singapore Chinese Chamber of Commerce and Industry and by some native-place and clan associations.
	reference.allrefer.com /country-guide-study/singapore/singapore48.html (1012 words)

	Mandarin Chinese (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The presence of Mandarin in southwest China is largely due to aplague in the 12th century in Sichuan.
		Speaking onlyMandarin in these areas is widely regarded as a significant social handicap; many Chinese language speakers there, particularlythe older people, do not speak Mandarin very well or at all.
		Curiously the use of Mandarin in the 20th centuryhas supplanted the use of pidgin English which was used as a commonlanguage in some parts of southern China in the 18th and 19th century.
	www.therfcc.org /mandarin-chinese-28971.html (3438 words)

	Mandarin (linguistics) - Freepedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		In addition, since standard Mandarin is taught as a second language across all of China, it is also very common for two people who both believe themselves to be speaking standard Mandarin to require a translator.
		Speaking only Mandarin in these areas is widely regarded as a significant social handicap; many Chinese language speakers there, particularly the older people, do not speak Mandarin very well or at all.
		Curiously the use of Mandarin in the 20th century has supplanted the use of pidgin English which was used as a common language in some parts of southern China in the 18th and 19th century.
	en.freepedia.org /Mandarin_(linguistics).html (3617 words)

	Singapore: A Multilingual, Multiethnic Country (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Mandarin, Tamil, and Malay are considered official "mother tongues" while English is regarded as a "first language." However, both of these terms are used differently than what is expected from their linguistic definitions.
		Mandarin and Tamil were selected to represent the Chinese and Indian communities respectively, but neither are the first languages acquired by children.
		Mandarin has a higher prestige over Malay and Tamil because is represents the majority and due to the annual "Speak Mandarin Campaigns." Saravanan (1999) found that within Chinese families, English is preferred during all family activities.
	www.emu.edu /courses/eddt582/singapore.html (3308 words)

	yax-471 Here, the first thing people register is your race
		Originally, the government campaign was formulated as "Speak more Mandarin, less dialects", with the hope of making Mandarin Chinese the common language among Chinese, rather than a babel of mutually unintelligible dialects.
		The authorities’ deliberate silence on what more Mandarin should be at the expense of allows them to think that the government is sympathetic to their agenda, and helps the PAP blunt any appeal the opposition parties may make in this regard.
		They are able to speak English (or the poor colloquial cousin, Singlish), but they only do that when they consciously decide to, which is generally because they have to speak with a non-Chinese person.
	www.yawningbread.org /arch_2005/yax-471.htm (2804 words)

	National Interest, The: The new Mandarins - Mandarin Chinese as the next business language of the Pacific Rim
		Until recently the designation of Mandarin as the world's most spoken language was mainly due to the size of the population of China itself (1.2 billion and climbing).
		But now Mandarin may be poised to spread beyond the Chinese world as a language of commerce and influence among the elite and professional classes of Asia.
		Commercial Mandarin study is on the rise in Thailand and the Philippines among students of both indigenous and ethnic Chinese backgrounds.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m2751/is_n46/ai_19130149 (1449 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Stick with Mandarin as the home language to give the children a strong foundation in it, he said yesterday, at the launch of the Speak Mandarin Campaign.
		As for those who speak English to their children, he had this suggestion: 'Consider sending them to Chinese-speaking kindergartens in the HDB heartlands where their fellow students speak Mandarin at home.' 'Your children will pick up English without difficulty.' He said he sent his three children to Chinese kindergartens, primary and secondary schools.
		To keep it alive, he said, Mandarin cannot be confined to bilingualists, biculturalists or HDB heartlanders whose parents are not educated in English.
	www.asu.edu /educ/epsl/LPRU/newsarchive/Art5109.txt (667 words)

	my pitas page
		The SMC was officially launched in 1979 by the then PM Mr Lee KY. It aims to simplify the langauge environment among Singaporean to promote understanding and harmony, improve communication and to create a Mandarin-speaking environment conducive to the successful implementation of the bilingual education programme.
		Mandarin: a language of psychic force - emphasis on 'psychological value' of mandarin in the past: 'retain traditional Chinese values in filial piety, loyalty, benevolence and love.
		Through Mandarin, their children can emotionally identify themselves as part of an ancient civilisation whose continuity was because it was founded on a tried and tested value system' - chinese was perceived to be able to unify the society better --- but nowadays lingua franca is english instead
	hc103.pitas.com (3002 words)

	MANDARIN (LINGUISTICS) FACTS AND INFORMATION
		The term "Mandarin" can also refer to Standard_Mandarin, which is based on the Mandarin dialect spoken in Beijing.
		The English term comes from the Portuguese ''mandarim'' (from Malay ''menteri'' http://www.bartleby.com/61/33/M0073300.htmlhttp://dictionary.bhanot.net/index.html from Sanskrit ''mantrin-'', meaning minister); it is a translation of the Chinese term ''GuānhuÃ '' (官話; simplified: 官话), which literally means the language of the mandarins (imperial magistrates).
		The term ''GuānhuÃ '' is often considered archaic by Chinese speakers of today, though it is used sometimes by linguists as a collective term to refer to all varieties and dialects of Mandarin, not just standard_Mandarin.
	www.flowergods.com /Mandarin_(linguistics) (1503 words)

	Inter-generational cultural transmission in Singapore. - 65th IFLA Council and General Conference
		With the Singaporean Chinese, the bilingual education policy is difficult to pursue as Mandarin, the chosen mother tongue, is not native to the Singaporean Chinese community.
		However, in the early days, the thrust of the government to push for Mandarin as an imposed mother tongue was because the Chinese population had to be united under a common language from which the education policy could be formulated.
		The initial process to replace dialects with Mandarin was sluggish and the government had to launch a major initiative by launching the "Speak Mandarin" Campaign and removing dialect radio and television broadcast to support its implemented education and language policy.
	www.ifla.org /IV/ifla65/65cc-e.htm (4002 words)

	Chinese and its Dialects
		Other than Mandarin, the Cantonese dialect is the one most likely to be known by Westerners, largely because for 200 years the people of Canton (Guangdong) province and Hong Kong have been the Chinese most actively trading with the West.
		Mandarin is the version of Chinese in which each syllable is pronounced using one of four possible tones.
		The term “Mandarin” is a Western term for the main Chinese dialect that has nothing to do with terms in Chinese for the language; “Cantonese” is a bit more descriptive in that it’s named after the Chinese province (using the Wade-Giles transcription) where it is found.
	www.cob.sjsu.edu /west_j/Asia/Dialects.html (795 words)

	Lee's plea: use Mandarin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		MR LEE KUAN YEW made repeated pleas last night to Chinese parents to drop dialects at home and speak Mandarin to help lighten the learning load of their children.
		Once it is clear to the government that parents want their children to use Mandarin, a series of administrative measures will be taken to support their decision.
		"All government officers, all government hospitals and clinics, all those manning counters will be instructed to speak Mandarin except to the old, those over 60," the Prime Minister told his audience of ministers, MPs, community leaders and others – and, via live telecasts over both channels as well as FM radio, the nation.
	ourstory.asia1.com.sg /dream/edu/headline/eduh1.html (222 words)

	Speak Mandarin Campaign goes to the schools with the message - sgForums.com :: Singapore's Online Discussion Network
		SINGAPORE : "Mandarin is Cool" - that is the message of this year's Speak Mandarin Campaign, when it goes to the schools this month.
		And it will begin at Raffles Girls Primary next Monday with the visit of popular local Mandarin singer Joi Chua, who is ambassador of the Speak Mandarin Campaign and and old girl of the school.
		Besides performing her popular hits, she will also share her past experiences about learning Mandarin, the importance of Mandarin in her career, as well as offer advice to students who are weaker in the language.
	sgfo.sgforums.com /?action=thread_display&thread_id=113584 (297 words)

	Therran Campaign - The Mandarin's Trove (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		One such Mandarinate, the Wak-hasho-tu family, governors of the province that included current day Jaggarth, was a family known to be scholars as well as warriors, and they collected, during their reign, a vast library of knowledge, much of it plundered from the libraries of the Amorian Empire.
		But the Mandarins recognized that their troves were things to be passed on to their heirs, and should they meet an untimely death and not be able to pass on such a password or key to their heir, then their horde would be lost forever.
		Although the Mandarin's family was known to be proficient in the magickal arts, more so than most other Mandarin families, nevertheless, many of the traps and tricks in the trove are of a mechanical nature (room 19 being a major exception).
	members.aol.com /ddsweb/therrascenmandtrove.htm (16318 words)

	Language, Society and Education in Singapore: Issues and Trends
		Various tinkerings with p olicy as its affects Chinese speakers, such as the ``Speak Mandarin Campaign" have had to be calibrated with discontent expressed by non-Mandarin speakers, both within the Chinese community and outside it.
		James gives overviews of the charts that delineat e various streaming practices (themselves revealing of the top-down belief in the ability of the system to finely calibrate outcomes) and (if you can hack your way through this thicket) shows them to be unequal and unfair in outcomes.
		Mandarin has become another source of cultural capital, something that can be used to ``do business abroad" (e.g.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /~haroldfs/messeas/handouts/singpore/lgsoceds.html (2398 words)

	Directory - Regional: Asia: Singapore: Society and Culture: Language and Linguistics
		Speak Mandarin Campaign · cached · Official site of the campaign offering on-line learning aids and information on available courses
		Speak Dialect · cached · Essay on how the government propaganda and campaigns have almost killed Chinese dialects in Singapore.
		Speak Good English Movement · cached · Governmental campaign to encourage Singaporeans to speak good English and to reduce the use of Singlish.
	www.incywincy.com /default?p=434891 (126 words)

	Idle Days » Campaign City (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Of course, such campaigns are not entirely bad, many are the result of genuine concern by the powers that be to make the country a better place to live in not only for its citizens but also for our guests.
		If there was just one campaign as opposed to the many campaigns that sprouted, less resources would be used and it will definitely be less confusing to the public.
		Then there are new campaigns to replace old ones, like the Singapore Kindness Movement replaces the Courtesy Campaign and the Romancing Singapore Campaign seems to me like an updated version of the “Make More Babies Campaign” just a few years ago.
	www.idledays.net /?p=52 (568 words)

	Review of Language, Society and Education in Singapore
		Campaign also timed to coincide with changeover (loss) of Chinese-medium university (Nan Yang) so was to be a compensation for this loss.
		Some backfiring of speak Mandarin campaign felt by other ethnic groups.
		This was then changed, to allow use of Mandarin as medium of instruction in upper primary.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /~haroldfs/messeas/handouts/singpore/gopi2.html (1007 words)

	learn to speak mandarin Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Being able to speak the language may open doors and opportunities in...
		Learn Mandarin Chinese silver serving tray Her teeth chattered, she turned paler than the ray of moonlight...
		This brings me to speak of some of the public buildings which have...
	www.rosetta-stone-language.com /rosetta/learntospeakmandarin.html (886 words)

	Links for Chinese Learning
		Cantonese and Mandarin are not the only Chinese dialects - nor is Chinese the only language in China.
		There's a million books for learning Mandarin, but a good Cantonese book is harder to track down.
		Singapore's government encourages its anglicized ethnic Chinese citizenry to periodically speak Chinese.
	zhongwen.com /m/coollink.htm (608 words)

	Alfian's Secret Wank Shed
		A Singaporean beauty contestant wears a cheongsam as her national costume and asks for an interpreter to translate her replies from Mandarin.
		The Speak Mandarin campaign informs me of what assets are missing from my life.
		I think about what Sang Nila Utama really did when he threw his crown into the sea to calm the raging storm; whether the gales spoke to his inner ear: 'if you want to live on the island you must surrender all memory of having once been a prince'.
	alfian.diaryland.com /apology.html (1400 words)

	Humbul : Chinese Studies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Ting (listen in Chinese) is an online resource for students of Mandarin Chinese and Chinese students of English, from elementary learners to those with more experience.
		The Speak Mandarin Campaign was launched by the Singapore government in 1979 in an attempt to improve communication among Chinese Singaporeans, many of whom spoke separate local dialects.
		Now in its 25th year, the campaign hosts events, talks and lessons in order to encourage the correct use of Mandarin in everyday situations.
	www.humbul.ac.uk /chinese (430 words)

	The Speak Dialect HomePage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The Speak Dialect Campaign is not to prevent the use and learning of Mandarin.
		The aim of this campaign is to counter at least two untruths about the Speak Mandarin Campaign in Singapore.
		If the Speak Mandarin Campaign supporters can claim that Chinese culture comes along with Mandarin, then what is the best way to learn about your REAL ancestral culture, but to speak your dialect.
	sunflower.singnet.com.sg /~bluesky/dialect.html (471 words)

	Untitled Document
		That is a lot fewer than the 800 million people or so who speak Mandarin Chinese.
		In Wales, where virtually everyone speaks English, the Welsh language, Cymric, as it is called in Welsh, is making a comeback after becoming nearly extinct.
		He created the Speak Mandarin campaign to reduce Westernization by discouraging the use of English.
	www.mty.itesm.mx /dhcs/deptos/ri/ri95-801/lecturas/lec221.html (10539 words)

	Singapore:Racial resentment grows
		And they feel alienated by a "Speak Mandarin" campaign, which has put another barrier between themselves and the Chinese.
		Mohd Rahizan Yaacob, the group's secretary-general, says it will be difficult because there is a natural bias against Malays founded on fears of aggression by the neighbouring, mostly Malay, populations of more than 200m that surround, and vastly outnumber, Singapore's 3m people.
		Chee Soon Juan, leader of the opposition Singapore Democratic party (SDP), recently tried to challenge the restriction by lecturing in the financial district twice without a permit to hundreds who gathered to listen.
	www.singapore-window.org /sw99/90327ft.htm (703 words)

	Chinese Language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Chinese speak Mandarin which is the language of the Beiing(Peking area).
		Many campaigns have been organized by our government such as the annual "Speak Mandarin" Campaign.
		It is an asset." So if you are interested in learning Mandarin, do take up some courses and set off on your journey to the Mandarin webpage.
	www.rgs.edu.sg /aec/language.html (235 words)

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