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Topic: Special Courts

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	Hexapedia - Special Courts (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab1.cs.virginia.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Special Courts (Polish Sądy Specjalne) were the underground courts organized by the Polish Government in Exile during World War II in occupied Poland.
		The courts determined punishments for the citizens of Poland who were subject to the Polish law before the war.
		The courts operated in the name of the Polish State and were subject to both pre-war Polish law and the wartime legislation.
	www.hexafind.com.cob-web.org:8888 /encyclopedia/Special_Courts (567 words)

	Legal Technology - Special Masters Can Do the Heavy Lifting for E-Discovery
		Because the authority that allows special masters to perform their assigned functions is delegated by the courts, Rule 53 requires that parties be given notice and an opportunity to be heard before appointment of a special master.
		Because the costs associated with the services of special masters are most often borne directly by the parties, courts must give consideration to the financial positions of the parties before assigning a special master to a case.
		Courts should recognize the broad array of duties that special masters may fulfill, as e-discovery represents a time-consuming aspect of court practice that could often be separated from a court's consideration of merits issues.
	www.law.com /jsp/legaltechnology/pubArticleLT.jsp?id=1153299926809 (1493 words)

	FORMATION OF SPECIAL COURTS
		The president of the Special Court is, apart from the local court, also competent for those decisions, which, according to articles 125, 128 of the code ofcriminal procedure, fall under the jurisdiction of the local court.
		If a preliminary court investigation is pending at the time this decree becomes effective, the records are to be transferred in due time to the prosecutor of the Special Court.
		The Special Court has to pass sentence even if the trial results in showing the act, of which the defendant is accused, as not being under the jurisdiction of the Special Court.
	www.adolfhitler.ws /lib/proc/spcourt.html (1190 words)

	Oikeuslaitos - Special courts
		Before the Insurance Court is seised, an appeal against an insurance decision must normally be lodged with a revision board; the decisions of the boards are actionable in the Insurance Court.
		The High Court of Impeachment, which has convened only a few times, is the forum for criminal charges against a Minister, the Chancellor of Justice or a member of the Supreme Court or Supreme Administrative Court for an offence in office.
		The land courts, as separate special courts, were abolished as of 1 March 2001; their duties were assigned to eight district courts.
	www.oikeus.fi /17600.htm (402 words)

	Understanding Federal and State Courts - Educational Outreach
		Distinguish between the types of cases that are heard in the federal courts and those that are heard in the state courts.
		The federal court system deals with issues of law relating to those powers expressly or implicitly granted to it by the U.S. Constitution, while the state court systems deal with issues of law relating to those matters that the U.S. Constitution did not give to the federal government or explicitly deny to the states.
		Most state court systems are made up of (1) two sets of trial courts: (a) trial courts of limited jurisdiction (probate, family, traffic, etc.) and (b) trial courts of general jurisdiction (main trial-level courts); (2) intermediate appellate courts (in many, but not all, states); and (3) the highest state courts (called by various names).
	www.uscourts.gov /outreach/resources/fedstate_lessonplan.htm (3070 words)

	[No title]
		Assignment to the drug court for more than 1 year may be problematic because the high caseload volume in the drug court, the pressure to dispose drug cases quickly, and the uniformity of much of the caseload may result in staff burnout and a consequent loss of efficiency and equitable case disposition.
		Drug courts that emphasize court-monitored treatment and rehabilitation and a long-term relationship with the defendant appear to circumvent these problems, both by tailoring treatment and supervision protocols to the needs of individual defendants and by their ability to maintain low recidivism rates for those who participate actively in the program.
		The Milwaukee drug court found an increase in the rate of drug trials from 2 percent to 7 percent, due to increased trial capacity, and a reduction in disposition times in the general felony courts as caseloads were reduced.
	www.ncjrs.gov /txtfiles/spdc.txt (8143 words)

	KARACHI: SHC reserves order on special courts’ powers -DAWN - Local; October 18, 2005
		Assisting the court, Additional Advocate-General Sarwar Khan and Assistant AG Habib Ahmed submitted that Section 12 of the ATA and Section 45 of the CNS Act confer exclusive jurisdiction on the special courts set up under the two laws to try offences falling within their purview irrespective of the age of the offenders.
		The sessions courts were already empowered to try cases under the juvenile law and both the anti-terrorism and anti-narcotics courts enjoyed the powers of sessions courts under their respective special laws.
		Special courts stipulated by the juvenile law had not yet been set up and the sessions and magisterial courts were exercising powers as special courts under the ordinance of 2000.
	www.dawn.com /2005/10/18/local3.htm (676 words)

	Special Courts Committee (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Special Courts Committee monitors developments concerning misdemeanors, traffic, and small claims.
		The committee also reviews, revises and approves for publication the City and Town Court Manual; the Traffic, Misdemeanor, and Small Claims Benchbook; and the Small Claims Litigant Manual.
		To save the forms on your computer, simply right-click the icon corresponding to the file type you prefer, select 'Save Target As' from the context menu that appears, and the choose a location on your computer in which to save.
	www.in.gov /judiciary/committees/special-courts.html (142 words)

	Establishing the Rule of Law in Iraq by Robert Perito: Special Reports: U.S. Institute of Peace (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The security services, special courts, and emergency laws must be dismantled, and the regular police, judiciary, and legal system reformed and reconstituted.
		These courts were established after 1968 to deal with matters related to the security of the state and official corruption.
		In addition to the Revolutionary Courts, there are other special ad hoc courts that are staffed by party and regime officials and established to hear special cases concerned with threats against the regime and other security-related matters.
	www.usip.org /pubs/specialreports/sr104.html (9604 words)

	Legal Affairs Debate Club - The Doctor's Court?
		In the health court, as proposed, injured patients would still have to prove that the doctor screwed up and that the screw-up was malpractice—but without the aid of a lawyer, their own experts, or court-ordered discovery, and their fate would lie with a court dominated by the profession responsible for their injuries.
		The health court is also a poor (and unconstitutional) substitute for a no-fault compensation system, which contrary to your assertion, would not require someone to decide what's an error and what isn't.
		Otherwise, the health court proposal is just another ploy to rig the legal system in favor of lousy doctors and the insurance companies that have to clean up their messes.
	www.legalaffairs.org /webexclusive/debateclub_medmal0305.msp (3409 words)

	Sudan: Darfur: Incommunicado detention, torture and special courts: Memorandum to the government of Sudan and the ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In the Special Courts lawyers have used the possibility of appearing as the "defendant’s friend" to plead on behalf of the accused, but this position does not give them the same rights as an appearance as defence counsel in the ordinary courts.
		The procedures of the Specialized Criminal Courts are still summary and the regulations on the use of confessions as evidence are similar to those of the Special Courts.
		After an unfair trial before a Special Court where lawyers were only allowed to defend as "friends" and the judge refused to consider allegations that confessions had been extracted by torture, 88 defendants, including two children, were sentenced to death.
	web.amnesty.org /library/index/engafr540582004 (7845 words)

	What's So Special about Specialized Courts? The State and Social Change in Salt Lake City's Domestic Violence Court Law ...
		The nationwide growth in specialized or problem-solving courts, including drug courts, community courts, mental health courts, and domestic violence courts, among others, raises questions about the role of the state with respect to social change.
		Specialized courts, however, take on a social problem approach to crime, seeking to address crime's "root causes" within the individual, the society, and the larger culture in ways more characteristic of social movements.
		The domestic violence court, the focus of this study, carries with it both of these imperatives: as a state institution, it contains technocratic imperatives, but as a problem-solving court and an outgrowth of the battered women's movement, it also contains substantive or value imperatives.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3757/is_200506/ai_n14687058 (931 words)

	International Criminal Tribunals and Special Courts- Global Policy Forum - International Justice
		The United Nations established special international criminal tribunals in Rwanda and Yugoslavia to prosecute those responsible for atrocities during times of war and genocide.
		The UN's first special international court, the ICTY hears cases of genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes from the conflicts that ravaged the former Yugoslavia during the 1990s.
		The Documentation Center of Cambodia is a non-governmental organization that provides information on the Khmer Rouge regime and serves as a resource for those who wish to pursue legal redress for the crimes committed between 1975 and 1979.
	www.globalpolicy.org /intljustice/tribindx.htm (659 words)

	AOPC: About the Administrative Office of Pennsylvania Courts Structure
		Special courts, also called minor courts or courts of limited jurisdiction, constitute the “grass roots” level of Pennsylvania’s court system.
		In addition, an administrative judge appointed by the Supreme Court is responsible for judicial assignments, budgeting, and the daily operation of the court.
		Court where the case is heard de novo, or anew.
	jobs.aopc.org /aopcstructure.asp (694 words)

	Special Courts - Pakistan - Equal Employment Opportunities (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Special Courts under the Speedy Trials Ordinance 1987 were introduced to deal with heinous offences which, in the public interest, require speedy trail.
		Provincial Governments may set up a Special Court headed by a person who is or has been or is qualified to be a judge of a High Court.
		An appeal against the Special Court's judgement may be taken to the Supreme Court of Pakistan.
	www.ilo.org /public/english/employment/gems/eeo/law/pakistan/c_sc.htm (103 words)

	Special Criminal Court (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		They are established where the ordinary courts are inadequate to secure the effective administration of justice and the preservation of public peace and order.
		The present Special Criminal Court was established in 1972 and comprises three judges of the ordinary courts - usually one High Court judge, one Circuit Court Judge and District Court Judge.
		Once such a certificate is issued, the case must be transferred from the ordinary court to the Special Criminal Court.
	www.oasis.gov.ie /justice/courts/special_criminal_court.html (310 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Middle East \| 'Special courts' for Iraqi leaders
		A special Iraqi court may be set up to try members of Saddam Hussein's government for crimes against the Iraqi people, a senior US advisor to the Iraqi justice ministry says.
		The courts that resumed were staffed by judges who worked under Saddam Hussein, when the justice system was abused with arbitrary arrests and detention, torture and harsh punishment.
		Senior US officials have argued that the Iraqis were the victims of Saddam Hussein and as it was their country that was abused, they should lead the way in putting him and his associates on trial.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/middle_east/3010793.stm (534 words)

	Rediff On The NeT: SC to hear Jaya's special courts case on Feb 15
		The Supreme Court will deliberate on this and other questions on Monday, February 15, when it hears a case challenging the validity of the Centre's notification transferring all cases against Jayalalitha from the special courts to regular courts.
		Section 4(ii) of the PCA says: Every offence shall be tried by the special judge of the area or by a special judge appointed for the case, or if there is more than one case, then by a judge appointed by the central government to try the case.
		The court, while agreeing to hear the matter, refused to stay the proceedings against her in the special courts.
	www.rediff.com /news/1999/feb/08jaya4.htm (550 words)

	Special courts to try adulterators: Cabinet okays 25-year jail term -DAWN - Top Stories; September 2, 2003
		The offences shall be tried by special courts which shall consist of a person who is serving as a district and sessions judge, or any other person who is qualified for appointment as a judge of high court or is a retired judge of a high court.
		The special court may take cognizance of offence upon a complaint by any officer of the federal or provincial government, other than a police officer, duly authorized in this behalf or upon the complaint by an individual consumer or a consumer’s association or organization.
		Appeal against the judgment of special court could be filed in the high court.
	www.dawn.com /2003/09/02/top1.htm (511 words)

	Austria - Special Courts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Cases outside the jurisdiction of these courts are heard in special courts.
		Employers and employees are represented in labor court hearings.
		On completion of a doctoral program, the candidate undergoes a seven-year apprenticeship, during which one year must be spent in a civil or criminal court and three years in an attorney's office.
	www.countrystudies.us /austria/112.htm (229 words)

	rediff.com: TN government extends special courts' tenure (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Tamil Nadu government has ordered a year's extension for the three special courts set up by the earlier Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam government headed by M Karunanidhi to hear corruption cases against All India Anna DMK leader J Jayalalitha and her erstwhile ministerial and bureaucratic aides.
		The term of the special courts was to expire on June 30.
		It was one such special court that had convicted Jayalalitha of corruption in the TANSI land deal case and sentenced her to three years rigorous imprisonment, as a result of which she was disqualified from contesting the May assembly election.
	www.rediff.com /news/2001/jun/28tn.htm (329 words)

	Jaya justifies winding up of 2 special courts- The Times of India (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		chennai: tamil nadu chief minister jayalalitha on friday justified the state government winding up two of the three special courts, constituted during the previous dmk government to try corruption cases against her and some of her ministerial colleagues, saying their continuance was a drain on the exchequer when the state was facing a financial crunch.
		she told reporters here that madras high court would allot the pending seven cases to one of the three courts.
		the judges as also the court staff were sitting idle without any work and hence the three courts could be wound up, she added.
	timesofindia.indiatimes.com /articleshow.asp?art_Id=3885532 (228 words)

	MN 2nd District Court
		The Second Judicial District Court (Ramsey County) is a unified trial court with general jurisdiction to hear all types of civil and criminal cases.
		Court Administration oversees the general operation of the Court and handles matters not confined to a particular department, such as Human Resources, Budget and Accounting, and Information Services.
		This court oversees the areas of: Domestic Abuse, Family Court, Guardian Ad Litem, Harassment and Juvenile.
	www.mncourts.gov /district/2 (328 words)

	Judge proposes special courts for domestic violence
		It's meant as a quick-fix proposal for one of the most-often-criticized inefficiencies of the state's courts.
		The plan is meant to enable victims of domestic violence, who often have simultaneous proceedings in Family, criminal and divorce courts, to have their cases consolidated to a single judge.
		But it was the new domestic violence courts, and continuing reforms in the state's Family courts, which were Kaye's focus.
	archive.recordonline.com /archive/2003/01/14/onsjudge.htm (462 words)

	Health care cases need special courts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Specialized health courts should be our future here in Arizona.
		Special health courts have the potential to give Arizonans the medical liability system they deserve.
		In special health courts, judges with additional expertise in medical matters would preside.
	www.azcentral.com /arizonarepublic/opinions/articles/1231satlet5-311.html (365 words)

	Welcome to the Homepage of the Judicial Branch of Georgia
		These special courts and courts serving incorporated municipalities operate under various names with varying jurisdictions.
		Courts of incorporated municipalities try municipal ordinance violations, issue criminal warrants, conduct preliminary hearings, and may have concurrent jurisdiction over shoplifting cases and cases involving possession of one ounce or less of marijuana.
		Qualifications of judges and terms of office in municipal courts are set by local legislation.
	georgiacourts.org /municipal.html (95 words)

	DB’s Medical Rants » Blog Archive » Special health courts
		The only difference is that the Judge, and not a jury, would be the fact-finder, and that he would have access to a specialized panel of expert witnesses who would advise him on the standard of care.
		The health courts thing is not that big but we still need to try something new to change the way courts are right now.
		So, we have a condition where it is advantageous to specialize, but the more we specialize the greater the need for a coordinating, integrating, and optimizing force.
	medrants.com /index.php/archives/2515 (1933 words)

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