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	New York City Criminal: Special Projects (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-20)
		Cases in Criminal Court are prosecuted by the District Attorney.
		Arraignment is the stage in a criminal proceeding when the defendant first appears in court and learns what crimes he or she is charged with.
		The Midtown Community Court, part of the Criminal Court of the City of New York, arraigns defendants who are arrested in Times Square, Clinton and Chelsea areas of the city and charged with any non-felony offense.
	www.courts.state.ny.us /courts/nyc/criminal/specialprojects.shtml (3407 words)

	ireland.com - The Irish Times - IRELAND (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-20)
		Guerin before the Special Criminal Court and on the 27th of November, 1998, he was convicted and, in accordance with s.1 of the Criminal Justice Act, 1990, was sentenced to a term of imprisonment for life with the proviso that the sentence should be backdated to the 16th of October, 1996.
		In reading the record of the evidence, the Court of Criminal Appeal cannot assess the credibility of Charles Bowden nor the cogency of evidence of primary facts, or of inferences of fact which are dependent upon the credibility of Charles Bowden.
		In fact the evidence adduced was not material to this court in reaching its decision but it might be said that it illustrated further, if that were necessary, the difficulties of ensuring the integrity of the evidence of an accomplice whose evidence is such that he must be admitted to a witness protection programme.
	www.ireland.com /newspaper/special/2002/wardjudgement (5239 words)

	Court of Criminal Appeal
		The Court of Criminal Appeal consists of a Judge of the Supreme Court and two Judges of the High Court.
		It hears appeals by persons convicted on indictment in the Circuit or Central Criminal Court where the appellant obtains a certificate from the trial judge that the case is a fit one for appeal.
		An appeal may also be made to the Court of Criminal Appeal by the DPP on grounds of alleged undue leniency of sentence under the Criminal Justice Act 1993, Section 2.
	www.courts.ie /courts.ie/Library3.nsf/6556fea313d95d3180256a990052c571/b68454b7df792e6480256d8700502304?OpenDocument (155 words)

	No. 266/1939: OFFENCES AGAINST THE STATE ACT, 1939. RULES OF SPECIAL CRIMINAL COURT, 1939.
		the Court may, on information or evidence relating to any such offence being given to or before it, order the issue of a warrant (in such variation of Form IV as is applicable) for the arrest of such person and the bringing of him in custody before the Court.
		Upon the adjournment by the Court of the trial of any person or the postponement of verdict or sentence the Court may by warrant (Form VI) order the detention of such person in custody pending and until the date of the adjourned hearing of such trial or such postponement.
		And whereas the Attorney-General having certified that the ordinary Courts are, in his opinion, inadequate to secure the effective administration of justice and the preservation of public peace and order in relation to the trial of....................................
	www.irishstatutebook.ie /ZZSI266Y1939.html (2792 words)

	Special Criminal Court
		The rules of evidence that apply in proceedings before the Special Criminal Court are the same as those applicable to trials in the Central Criminal Court.
		The Special Criminal Court is authorised by the 1939 Act to make rules governing its own practice and procedure.
		An appeal against conviction or sentence by a Special Criminal Court may be taken to the Court of Criminal Appeal.
	www.courts.ie /courts.ie/Library3.nsf/pagecurrent/41C06A30E5FEDA7B80256D870050508C (129 words)

	Special_Criminal_Court (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-20)
		The Special Criminal Court is a juryless criminal court in the Republic of Ireland which tries terrorist and organized crime cases.
		The court is composed of three judges appointed by the government from among the judges of the ordinary courts, usually one from the High Court, one from the Circuit Court and one from the District Court.
		Under the law, the court may accept the opinion of a Garda Síochána superintendent as evidence that a suspect is a member of an illegal organization.
	www.partsquote.com /search.php?title=Special_Criminal_Court (669 words)

	The Irish State - Legal System
		The court of summary jurisdiction is the District Court.
		In criminal cases, and in a limited number of civil cases, the Court is presided over by a judge sitting with a jury of twelve ordinary citizens.
		Criminal appeals from the Circuit Court, the Central Criminal Court and the Special Criminal Court are heard by the Court of Criminal Appeal, a court consisting of three judges drawn from the High Court and Supreme Court.
	www.ireland-information.com /reference/legalsys.html (824 words)

	Jurisprudence - CCPR - Ireland - Holland v. Ireland
		On appeal against sentence, the Court of Appeal, on 21 May 1990, reduced the sentence to seven years' imprisonment, considering that the judgment of the Special Court might give the impression that he was convicted of a more serious charge, namely of possession of explosives for enabling others to endanger life.
		In this connection, the author explains that the Irish constitution permits the establishment of "special courts" for the trial of offences in cases where it is determined that the ordinary courts are inadequate to secure the effective administration of justice and the preservation of public peace and order.
		Members of special courts need not be members of the judiciary; barristers and solicitors of at least seven years standing and high ranking officers of the Defence Forces may also be appointed.
	www.bayefsky.com /html/100_ireland593.php (3169 words)

	People v. Ward - www.irlii.org
		Vanessa Meehan to the accused; the court accepts her evidence that she was successfully subjected to grievous psychological pressure by D. Sergeant Hanley and perhaps other officers also to assist the police in breaking down the accused who up till then had maintained consistent silence over many interrogation sessions.
		The court is deeply mindful of the fundamental principle of criminal law that it is unsafe to act upon the evidence of an accomplice which is not corroborated in some material particular implicating the accused.
		It is not contested that the trial court correctly stated the principles of law in relation to the onus of proof on the part of the prosecution to establish the guilt of a person accused of aiding and abetting the commission of the offence charged.
	www.ucc.ie /law/irlii/cases/ward.htm (11153 words)

	RTE News - Govt announces Special Criminal Court expansion
		The Government has announced that the Special Criminal Court is to be given extra resources.
		Under the expansion plan, the court will be allocated more judges to speed up trials and clear a backlog of cases.
		The Special Criminal Court was established in 1972 in response to the escalation of violence in Northern Ireland and associated paramilitary activity in the south.
	www.rte.ie /news/2004/1222/court.html (153 words)

	Human Rights Watch World Report 2001: Special Programs and Campaigns - International Justice
		The United Nations special rapporteurs on the independence of judges and lawyers, and on torture, made a rare joint and public expression of their concern to the government of Senegal over the dismissal and the surrounding circumstances.
		The court, which will prosecute crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes where national courts fail to do their job, will be a cornerstone in the emerging system of international justice.
		Believing that the International Criminal Court will be a cornerstone of an emerging system of international justice and that the treaty's early entry into force will be an important practical and symbolic measure against impunity, during 2000, Human Rights Watch devoted considerable resources to the establishment of the court.
	www.hrw.org /wr2k1/special/icc.html (4204 words)

	S.I. No. 234/1975: OFFENCES AGAINST THE STATE ACTS, 1939 to 1972 SPECIAL CRIMINAL COURT RULES, 1975.
		The Court may direct that a witness shall not remain in Court while the evidence of another witness is being given and may make provision for the separation of witnesses from each other.
		Upon the adjournment by the Court of the trial of any person or the postponement of verdict or sentence, the Court may by warrant (Form 11) order the detention of such person in custody pending and until the date of the adjourned hearing of such trial or such postponement.
		These Rules, which supersede the Special Criminal Court Rules, 1972, regulate practice and procedure in the Special Criminal Court established by the Government on the 30th May, 1972, under the Offences against the State Act, 1939.
	www.irishstatutebook.ie /ZZSI234Y1975.html (4917 words)

	ICCL: Criminal Justice Publications: Special Criminal Court: ICCL IN CALL TO END SPECIAL CRIMINAL COURT: December 1995 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-20)
		The ICCL chairperson pointed out that the continued use of the Special Criminal Court had been condemned more than two years ago by the UN Human Rights Committee and that the present administration's programme for government had contained a pledge to review special laws and courts introduced to deal with the Northern conflict.
		The ICCL paper notes that the special court was criticised in a booklet by President Robinson when she was a Senator and Law Lecturer, by Amnesty International, and by the United Nations Human Rights Committee.
		It warns that if the court is allowed to continue now that the paramilitary groups have ended their campaign, it may be used for serious "ordinary" crime, thus abolishing jury trial by the back door.
	www.iccl.ie /criminalj/scc/2end95.html (427 words)

	Belfast Telegraph (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-20)
		Chief Superintendent Phillip Kelly of the Garda special technical unit based in Dublin told the Special Criminal Court that six mobile phones were also found in the car.
		Bullman was told he would be brought before the Special Criminal Court to answer a charge of IRA membership, the court heard.
		The court was told Bullman, a father of three, worked 70 hours a week in two different jobs, as a chef in a nursing home and catering in pubs and clubs across Co Cork.
	www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk /news/story.jsp?story=612549 (364 words)

	ICCL: Criminal Justice Publications: Special Criminal Court: ICCL IN CALL TO END SPECIAL CRIMINAL COURT: November 1995 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-20)
		Mr Farrell was launching a new Briefing Paper on the Special Criminal Court produced by the ICCL.
		The ICCL paper states that the special court was criticised in a booklet by President Robinson when she was a Senator and Law lecturer, by Amnesty International, and by the United Nations Human Rights Committee.
		It warns that if the court is allowed to continue after the ceasefires, it may be used for serious "ordinary" crime, thus abolishing jury trial by the back door.
	www.iccl.ie /criminalj/scc/1end95.html (389 words)

	Straight Talking - by Niall Gormley
		This court operates in very serious cases of subversion or organised crime where there might be a risk of interference with juries.
		As the troubles draw to a close organised crime cases are forming a greater proportion of the trials at the Special Criminal Court.
		But the continued use of the Special Criminal Court after many emergency laws have been abandoned is worrying.
	www.niallgormley.com /2002/july-august/2002-08-14.htm (671 words)

	Dáil Éireann - Volume 471 - 21 November, 1996 - Written Answers. - Special Criminal Court.
		Miss Coughlan asked the Minister for Justice the precise number of cases heard by the invalidly constituted Special Criminal Court between 1 August and 1 October 1996; and the number of cases heard between 1 October and 5 November 1996.
		One of the 17 persons remanded in custody at a sitting of the Special Criminal Court which included Judge Lynch was subsequently granted bail at a sitting of that court which did not include Judge Lynch.
		The cases of all 21 persons who appeared before Judge Lynch at the Special Criminal Court are ongoing before the courts.
	www.oireachtas-debates.gov.ie /D/0471/D.0471.199611210040.html (325 words)

	ICCL: Criminal Justice Publications: Special Criminal Court: 30th Anniversary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-20)
		In recent years persons have been tried in the court for offences as diverse as car theft, arson, possession of cannabis, false imprisonment and the theft of cigarettes and £150 from a shop.
		The principal objection of the ICCL to the use of the Special Criminal Court is that it represents a denial of the right to jury trial on an arbitrary basis.
		On three separate occasions the UN Human Rights Committee stated that the system of "special trials for special people" was a clear violation of the principle of equality before the law.
	www.iccl.ie /criminalj/scc/scc30th_02.html (468 words)

	Minister announces establishment of second Special Criminal Court
		The speedy resolution of trials before the Special Criminal Court will serve to demonstrate the State's resolve to seriously deal with any activity which is a threat to the State and its people.”
		The establishment of the second Special Criminal Court will allow for the bringing forward of a number of trials fixed for the existing Special Criminal Court and it is expected will clear the list of impending trials by the middle of next year.
		When the problem of delays has been resolved by the operation of the two courts, the Minister will consider the question of the continued operation of the courts.
	www.progressivedemocrats.ie /press_room/1220 (326 words)

	Guardian Unlimited \| Special reports \| Robin Cook: US hostility to the international criminal court knows no bounds
		A commitment to an international criminal court was one of the changes for the better in foreign policy as a result of Labour's victory.
		The international criminal court ends the impunity of dictators who could kill thousands but not be held to account because they controlled their domestic courts.
		One of the six reasons cited by the UN commission for recommending the international criminal court was precisely that it could be activated immediately, without any delay.
	www.guardian.co.uk /usa/story/0,12271,1410629,00.html (942 words)

	[No title]
		The Special Criminal Court is similar to the controversial Diplock Court of Northern Ireland in which scheduled offenses are tried before 3 members of the judiciary.
		The Highest court is the Supreme Court, which has the power to decide whether a Bill passed by the Oireachtas is constitutional.
		Its ruling is final unless the court, Attorney General or the DPP deem it a point of law of exceptional importance, after which it may be taken to the Supreme Court.
	www.ojp.usdoj.gov /bjs/pub/ascii/wfbcjire.txt (3051 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Northern Ireland \| Real IRA chief's appeal reserved
		McKevitt was jailed by the Special Criminal Court in August 2003 after he was convicted of directing the activities of a terrorist organisation between August 1999 and October 2000.
		McKevitt was in court on Friday for the appeal, which was also attended by his wife Bernadette Sands McKevitt.
		They also said the Special Criminal Court erred in law by not adequately assessing Mr Rupert's credibility as a prosecution witness despite his history of involvement in criminality.
	news.bbc.co.uk /go/newsFeedXML/moreover/-/1/hi/northern_ireland/4428652.stm (373 words)

	LifeSite Special Report - International Criminal Court Undermines Canadian Rights
		That is, although the court is supposed to deal with genocide, war crimes and crimes against humanity, the definitions of these crimes are so breathtakingly elastic and wide open to manipulation, the court's jurisdiction has become extremely wide-ranging.
		All court officials and staff must be selected according to gender and must also have expertise on gender issues, including sexual and other violence against women, which is to be considered a matter of central importance to the court.
		Moreover, the ICC is to be a 'victims' court, with victims assisting every step of the way of the trial, through representation by counsel, cross examination of witnesses and the presentation of evidence.
	www.lifesite.net /ldn/2000/sep/000914a.html (899 words)

	BreakingNews.ie: McDowell plans second Special Criminal Court
		Justice Minister Michael McDowell has announced plans to establish a second Special Criminal Court in an effort to speed up the processing of cases.
		He said seven judges would be appointed to the court at a later date.
		The minister said the measure would help clear the list of impending trials at the Special Criminal Court by the middle of next year.
	www.breakingnews.ie /2004/12/22/story181605.html (170 words)

	LifeSite Special Report - International Criminal Court Approved
		The general concept of the court could potentially bring about a major advance in international justice and that is what the public is hearing about the ICC.
		With significant funding, staffing and leadership of the court engineered to come from extreme anti-family sources, the court could cause serious harm to the international social community, rather than bring about the great advance in international justice sincerely hoped for by the many delegations that voted for the ICC.
		Failing that, they should urge governments to influence the implementation of the court to strictly ensure that its staffing and direction are not manipulated to serve any radical social change movements.
	www.lifesite.net /ldn/1998/jul/980719b.html (1061 words)

	The Labour Party - Press Office - Listing
		“Now, in order to clear a backlog of cases that should never have been sent to the Special Criminal Court in the first place, Minister McDowell is intent on doubling the resources provided to a system he is supposed to be phasing out.
		It was intended to be an emergency provision, to operate only when the ordinary courts were completely inadequate to secure the effective administration of justice.
		“But a single such court has now been in existence since 1972 and, far from arranging for its eventual abolition, as has been done with the Diplock counterparts in Northern Ireland, this ostensibly most liberal-minded of Ministers is copper-fastening their position in the system.
	www.labour.ie /press/listing/20041222160038.html (337 words)

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