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Topic: Special relativity for beginners

Related Topics

Special relativity

Theory of relativity

General relativity

Periodic motion

Permittivity of free space

Wormhole

Lyapunov exponent

Black hole thermodynamics

Lagrangian point

Einstein

Logistic map

Feigenbaum constant

Quantum mechanics

Albert Einstein

Chaos theory

	Science Fair Projects - Special relativity
		Special relativity (SR) or the special theory of relativity is the physical theory published in 1905 by Albert Einstein.
		Special relativity is mathematically self-consistent, and is also compatible with all modern physical theories, most notably quantum field theory, string theory, and general relativity (in the limiting case of negligible gravitational fields).
		Relativity in its Historical Context The discovery of special relativity was inevitable, given the momentous discoveries that preceded it.
	www.all-science-fair-projects.com /science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/Special_relativity (3309 words)

	Special theory of relativity
		Special relativity (SR) or the special theory of relativity is the physical theory published in 1905 by Albert Einstein in his article "On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies".
		Special Relativity is formulated so as to not assume that any particular frame of reference is special; rather, in relativity, a system appears to observe the same laws of physics independent of an observer's velocity with respect to it.
		Special Relativity Lecture Notes is a standard introduction to special relativity containing illustrative explanations based on drawings and spacetime diagrams from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/s/sp/special_theory_of_relativity.html (4371 words)

	Encyclopedia :: encyclopedia : Relativity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Galileo first developed the principle of relativity, which is the postulate that the laws of physics are the same for all observers.
		Einstein's theory of relativity consists of special relativity and general relativity, which are built on the principle of relativity and the local constancy of the speed of light.
		Relativity was also a television series that aired on ABC from 1996 to 1997.
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /topic/Relativity.html (214 words)

	Special relativity for beginners - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Although the Special theory of relativity was first proposed by Einstein in 1905, the modern approach to the theory depends upon the concept of a four dimensional universe that was first proposed by Hermann Minkowski in 1908 and further developed as a result of the contributions of the famous female mathematician Emmy Noether.
		Relativistic phase is often overlooked by students of Special Relativity but if it is understood then phenomena such as the twin paradox are easier to understand.
		The net effect of the four dimensional universe is that observers who are in motion relative to you seem to have time coordinates that lean over in the direction of motion and consider things to be simultaneous that are not simultaneous for you.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Special_relativity_for_beginners (1600 words)

	Best sites for relativity
		This was done from the Principle of Relativity and the constancy of light speed, without assuming the presence of a fixed aether (some modern derivations use simple geometry--including the Pythagorean theorem).
		Max Planck suggested the term "relativity" to highlight the notion of transforming the laws of physics between observers moving relative to one another, and the term 'Special' distinguishes it from the later general relativity.
		Beneath the Foundations of Spacetime Special relativity can be derived with moving rulers in such a way that the astonishing connection between space and time can be clearly understood.
	relativity.top20physics.com (4485 words)

	Relativity
		Motion is relative, so for a person inside the rocket, h/1, there is no detectable change in the behavior of the clock, just as a person on a jet plane can toss a ball up and down without noticing anything unusual.
		From her point of view, the argument goes, her homebody sister is the one who travels backward on the receding earth, and then returns as the earth approaches the spaceship again, while in the frame of reference fixed to the spaceship, the astronaut twin is not moving at all.
		The first important experimental confirmation of relativity came in 1919 when stars next to the sun during a solar eclipse were observed to have shifted a little from their ordinary position.
	www.lightandmatter.com /html_books/6mr/ch01/ch01.html (10028 words)

	Maxwell's equations Modern Relativity modernrelativity special general black hole mass energy Einstein wormhole time ...
		These are correct for special relativity, but they are not globally correct for general relativity.
		In general relativity it is not always the case that such a global inertial frame exists.
		Since this result breaks with the result of special relativity, this superficially seems to defy the semi-strong level of the equivalence principle, but this level of equivalence is actually a reference to the results of local experiments.
	www.geocities.com /zcphysicsms/chap7.htm (1155 words)

	Patent-Invent: Special Theory of Relativity For Beginners
		This theory provides a consistent explanation for the way radiation (light, for example) and matter interact when viewed from different inertial frames of reference, that is, an interaction viewed simultaneously by an observer at rest and an observer moving at uniform speed.
		He was thus able to provide a consistent and correct description of physical events in different inertial frames of reference without making special assumptions about the nature of matter or radiation, or how they interact.
		Although the Special theory of relativity was first proposed by Albert Einstein in 1905, the modern approach to the theory depends upon the concept of a four-dimensional universe that was first proposed by Hermann Minkowski in 1908 and further developed as a result of the contributions of Emmy Noether.
	www.patent-invent.com /electricity/inventions/special_relativity_1.html (1744 words)

	Articles for Content @ The Content Corner
		As this is the 100 year anniversary of the original release of Special Relativity, a review of the original assumptions, documents and ideas which led to the acceptance of this theory is timely and warranted.
		Relativity Theory consists of its two variants Special Relativity and General Relativity and is considered the cornerstone of modern physics.
		This is readily apparent in that they refer to the Newton's 'Law' of Gravitation whilst Special Relativity (SR) and General Relativity (GR) are given the polite attribution 'The Theory of' or simply SR 'theory' and GR 'theory.' Einstein would continue working on the ideas of Special Relativity until producing the aforementioned even more controversial treatise.
	www.thecontentcorner.com /ezineready.php?id=448 (1430 words)

	What Did Albert Einstein Invent?
		The case, "Why is the sky blue?", was finally settled by Einstein in 1911, who calculated the detailed formula for the scattering of light from molecules; and this was found to be in agreement with experiment.
		Einstein expanded the special theory of relativity into the general theory of relativity that applies to systems in nonuniform (accelerated) motion as well as to systems in uniform motion (like in the special theory of relativity).
		The Relativity Theory showed that mass could be converted directly into energy (E=mc²), and that a minute piece of mass could release a vast amount of energy.
	www.juliantrubin.com /einsteininvent.html (1191 words)

	View topic - Special Relativity and R Norgan (from RFN's site)
		The twin "paradox" issue can be dealt with effectively by SR if you assume that travel times for the moving twin is sufficiently long that the effects of acceleration on time are insignificant.
		It gets people to think, as you say, about "slanted versions of space" etc. And while the mathematics are correct and are useful in general relativity, I'm not sure Minkowski added much to the understanding of relativity, particularly for beginners.
		It is no longer rational to debate against relativity claiming common sense as an ally.
	www.anti-relativity.com /forum/about497.html (1203 words)

	Science Fair Projects - Special relativity for beginners
		So if John measures a time interval of 10 seconds (t=10) he will see that Bill's clock measures an interval, T that is less than this.
		Clocks in motion are predicted to slow down relative to those on observers at rest.
		The combination of time dilation and the way that c, the speed of light, is constant for all observers means that when John observes measuring rods on Bill's planet they will seem to be smaller than his own measuring rods.
	www.all-science-fair-projects.com /science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/Special_relativity_for_beginners (1618 words)

	Cambridge University Press - Astronomy & Astrophysics
		An ideal textbook for advanced students of physics and astrophysics, all of the necessary background material is included in every chapter and no prior knowledge of general relativity and quantum field theory is assumed.
		General relativity is a cornerstone of modern physics, and is of major importance in its applications to cosmology.
		Plebanski and Krasinski are experts in the field and here they provide a thorough introduction to general relativity, guiding the reader through complete derivations of the most important results and covering topics not found in other textbooks.
	www.cambridge.org /us/astronomy (1032 words)

	Undergraduate Level Coursework Related to Relativity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Relativity and Quanta, by Jess H. Brewer (Physics, University of British Columbia).
		A complete course for second year physics students, including an introduction to special relativity at the level of Taylor and Wheeler, Spacetime Physics, and a brief introduction to some of the fundamentals of general relativity and cosmology.
		The first half of the course is devoted to special relativity and the second half to quantum mechanics, including a brief introduction to nuclear physics.
	math.ucr.edu /home/baez/RelWWW/undergrad.html (721 words)

	Civilian Resistance in Lebanon » Blog Archive » Lebanon for Beginners
		The relative balance and insularity of the Ottoman social universe was increasingly disturbed in the 18th and 19th centuries by European peoples, processes, and events.
		By the middle of the 19th century, European powers were lobbying the Ottoman Sultan for better treatment and even protection of particular dhimmi communities, as well as special protections for European commercial agents and representatives in the region and for their local employees and contacts among the Ottoman Christian and Jewish population as well.
		Before the inception of Lebanon’s war years, the regional dimension of battle, one expressive of primordial and powerful existential fears of all parties, was largely fought out in and around Palestine and Israel, and usually in the form of dramatic, though short-lived, conventional warfare on battle fields (1948, 1967 and 1973).
	www.lebanonsolidarity.org /2006/07/12/lebanon-for-beginners (6373 words)

	Re: How does the Lorentz transformation for time hold up to relativity?
		The Galilean principle of relativity says that it is not possible to determine an 'absolute' velocity.
		Let's try out this formula on a problem: Imagine that an astronaut goes off at 0.8c, relative to the Earth, and returns after 30 years have elapsed on the rocket.
		Special relativity is quit difficult to get your head round (it made Einstein's hair stand on end).
	www.madsci.org /posts/archives/oct2000/972481201.Ph.r.html (532 words)

	Re: Understanding some (to my mind) problems in special relativity.
		Relativity is not quite as simple as some would make out.
		The space-ship is now stationary, and the stationary observer moving in the same direction as the light (suspiciously similar to when the spaceship shone a torch out the front window?).
		The whole principle of relativity states that it is actually impossible to tell which observer is staionary and which is moving.
	www.madsci.org /posts/archives/nov2000/975163514.Ph.r.html (664 words)

	Proper Time [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy]
		The special feature of this system is that the lengths of lines in the x, y, or z directions alone are given directly by the values of the coordinates.
		This is a special case of a Lorentz transformation for this simplest kind of trajectory.
		This view is called the ‘geometric explanation’ of relativity theory, and this approach led Einstein even deeper into modern physics, when he applied this new conception to the theory of gravity, and discovered a generalised theory of space-time.
	www.iep.utm.edu /ancillaries/Proper-Time.htm (9520 words)

	Nasty Little Truth About Spacetime Physics
		It is Einstein's theory of relativity and, in particular, the general theory of relativity.
		If one chooses the latter, then general relativity is to be seen as a mere math trick: the physical mechanism of gravity is still out there and it is incumbent upon physicists to find it.
		Some say that Einstein's first wife, Mileva Maric Einstein, was the real author of relativity and that Einstein was forced to give her his entire Nobel prize money to keep her quiet.
	www.rebelscience.org /Crackpots/notorious.htm (8978 words)

	Einstein Exhibit -- Books by and about Einstein (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Newton to Einstein: The Trail of Light, An Excursion to the Wave-Particle Duality and the Special Theory of Relativity.
		Annus Mirabilis: 1905, Albert Einstein, and the Theory of Relativity.
		Miller, Arthur I. Albert Einstein's Special Theory of Relativity: Emergence (1905) and Early Interpretation, 1905-1911.
	www.aip.org /history/einstein/bibliog.htm (543 words)

	NPL Beginners Guides to Measurement - Einstein (Relativity and Time)
		Such is the accuracy with which time can now be measured, modern timekeepers now need to contend with complications arising from the subtle, but real, effects predicted by Einstein's theories of relativity.
		Einstein's special theory deals with clocks moving with respect to each other and his general theory deals with clocks operating in a gravitational field.
		A clock in a moving aircraft would be seen to run slow as judged by an observer on the ground.
	www.npl.co.uk /publications/einstein/relativity_time.html (299 words)

	Physics Tutorial: Special Relativity
		Time and distance change so that a second and a foot are not the same at great speed as they are when at rest.
		The application of special relativity is important in GPS systems.
		Problem: Special relativity led to several formulas for measuring the change in time, mass, and length of an object when seen by an observer at rest.
	www.physics247.com /physics-tutorial/special-relativity.shtml (633 words)

	Space-Time Engineering
		In principle it ought to be possible to move a rocket using gravitational waves.
		One way of achiving extreme speeds in general relativity is to employ suitable warps of spacetime, but the principal difficulties are severe.
		They can exist in general relativity, but the main issue is whether they are traversable and possible to create.
	www.aleph.se /Trans/Tech/Space-Time (849 words)

	Inflation for Beginners (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Clearly, what's needed is a beginner's guide to inflation, where newcomers to cosmology can find out just what this exciting development is all about.
		Curiously, this kind of exponential expansion of spacetime is exactly described by one of the first cosmological models developed using the general theory of relativity, by Willem de Sitter in 1917.
		When the general theory of relativity was published in 1916, de Sitter reviewed the theory and developed his own ideas in a series of three papers which he sent to the Royal Astronomical Society in London.
	aether.lbl.gov /www/science/inflation-beginners.html (4780 words)

	Guide to the Mathematics Subject Classification Scheme
		Here the general theory is much weaker, but special cases of such rings are of key importance: Lie algebras in particular, as well as Jordan algebras and other types.
		Various special types of lattices have particularly nice structure and have applications in group theory and algebraic topology, for example.
		83: Relativity and gravitational theory is differential geometry, analysis, and group theory applied to physics on a grand scale or in extreme situations (e.g.
	www.math.niu.edu /~rusin/known-math/index/beginners.html (5525 words)

	ThinkQuest : Library Search
		It explains the connections between quantum mechanics and relativity on a basic level meant for everyday people without prior knowledge of the field.
		The Theory of Relativity is the most groundbreaking scientific theory of this century (along with Quantum Mechanics), reshaping our ideas of space and time.
		We describe the concept of Black Holes using Newton's theory of gravitation - no prior knowledge of the general theory of relativity is required.
	www.thinkquest.org /library/search.html?search_text=theory (1025 words)

	Does the EPR paradox prove that quantum theory is incomplete? Philosophy of Science at AhISee - the site for Insight
		There is not space to detail the experiment here, but like all the thought experiments it attempted to produce an idealised arrangement that could indeed show simultaneously the position and momentum of a particle, in contradiction of the uncertainty principle.
		Einstein in his General theory of relativity had reconceived the problem to dispose of action at a distance.
		This puts the theoretical status of special relativity above that of the theoretical status of quantum theory; yet the sorts of evidence available for each of these are identical.
	www.ahisee.com /content/epressay.html (4612 words)

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