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Topic: Specific angular momentum

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	Specific orbital energy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		is the specific relative angular momentum of the orbiting body
		) and is equal to the excess specific energy compared to that for an escape orbit (parabolic orbit).
		If the angle between v and g is acute, for example in a landing (on a celestial body without atmosphere) and in a transfer to a circular orbit around a celestial body when arriving from outside, this means applying the delta-v as late as possible.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Specific_orbital_energy (803 words)

	Jahrbuch-CD der MPG 2003 - The angular momentum of gas in
		Despite these similarities, however, we find that the angular momentum vectors of the gas and dark matter are poorly aligned, with a median misalignment angle of similar to30degrees, which might have important implications for spin correlation statistics used in weak lensing studies.
		We present distributions for the component of the angular momentum that is aligned with the total angular momentum of each halo and find that for between 5% and 50% of the mass, this component is negative.
		We suggest that the material with negative specific angular momentum combines with positive angular momentum material to build a bulge component, and we show that in such a scenario the remaining material can form a disk with a density distribution that is very close to exponential.
	www.mpg.de /forschungsergebnisse/wissVeroeffentlichungen/archivListenJahrbuch/2002/25/publZIM34.html (283 words)

	Animation: Accretion on to binary 1
		This sets the specific angular momentum of the gas that is accreted by the binary after it forms.
		Later, as the specific angular momentum of the gas that is falling on to the binary increases, a disc also forms around the secondary.
		The specific angular momentum of the gas never becomes high enough for a circumbinary disc to form (see the second animation of an accreting protobinary system).
	www.astro.ex.ac.uk /people/mbate/Animations/binaryacc1.html (261 words)

	Formation of Binary and Multiple Star Systems (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		When angular specific momentum is low, the primary component captures most of the gas in a circumstellar disc, leaving none left for a circumstellar disc around the weaker component and no circumbinary disc.
		When angular momentum is much higher, the secondary component captures enough of the gas to form it's own circumstellar disc and to equilize the masses of the two protostars.
		Angular momentum is transfered outward and mass is transfered inward.
	alumni.imsa.edu /~anneka/binaries/formation.html (635 words)

	[No title]
		The total angular momentum of the ensemble of particles is also conserved; although, the angular momentum may be redistributed among particles while the total energy decreases.
		If the specific angular momentum of the captured cloud is low enough the gas streams intersect with high velocity which almost certainly leads to very active star formation even in the near tidal field of the fl hole.
		For a cloud with such low specific angular momentum, on the way to becoming a dispersion ring self-intersection of gas streams with high velocity will probably lead to star formation, and this could well be the origin of the very young massive stars actually observed in the central parsec of the Galaxy.
	www.aoc.nrao.edu /~gcnews/gcnews/Vol.6/sanders@thales.astro.rug.nl_cnd.txt (8111 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The importance of the variations in angular momentum and velocity distributions in the wind is highlighted in Figure~\ref{fig-wide.xi=0}, where we have repeated the previous calculation (shown in Fig.
		The deposition of mass with zero angular momentum in the disk also leads to a compression of the disk in the radial direction (the outer rings move inwards as they become sub-Keplerian) and results in an increase in surface density beyond the value induced by the increased mass deposition through the wind alone.
		In other words, the post-bow shock flow cannot be carrying a small specific angular momentum (which would lead to circularization at small radii), but rather should have sufficient azimuthal velocity to allow it to merge with the fossil disk near its outer edge.
	www.mpifr-bonn.mpg.de /gcnews/gcnews/Vol.4/hfalcke@astro.umd.edu_wintercept.txt (7164 words)

	Protostellar angular momentum evolution during gravoturbulent fragmentation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Using hydrodynamic simulations we investigate the rotational properties and angular momentum evolution of prestellar and protostellar cores formed from gravoturbulent fragmentation of interstellar gas clouds.
		The loss of specific angular momentum during collapse is mostly due to gravitational torques exerted by the ambient turbulent flow as well as by mutual protostellar encounters in a dense cluster environment.
		Although the temporal evolution of the angular momentum of individual protostars or protostellar systems is complex and highly time-variable, this correlation holds well in a statistical sense for a wide range of turbulent environmental parameters.
	www.edpsciences.org /articles/aa/abs/2004/31/aa0220-04/aa0220-04.html (323 words)

	Alina's CV
		The mass of the fl hole is M and its specific angular momentum is $a$.
		The angular velocity of the fl hole is unknown because the surface of infinite redshift (the horizon) hides the image of the massive fl hole.
		The first term in the brackets is the angular momentum carried by the remaining mass of gas towards fl hole determining the spin of the central object.
	www.maths.monash.edu.au /~adonea/paperAA.htm (5891 words)

	MPIA Heidelberg Theory Group: Image of the Month September 1997 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The destination of the gas depends on its specific angular momentum relative to the binary.
		For gas with higher specific angular momentum, the radius of the primary's disc is larger and a circumsecondary disc may also be formed.
		For gas with even higher specific angular momentum, not all of the gas is captured by the individual components; some also forms a circumbinary disc.
	www.mpia-hd.mpg.de /THEORY/gallery/97-09/97-09.html (590 words)

	Disk formation in an NFW halo
		Any ejection is likely to selectively remove gas with higher than average specific angular momentum, so that we should expect the spin parameter of a disk that formed from gas to be comparable to or smaller than the spin parameter of the halo.
		The angular momentum of an exponential disk is determined by its scale-length, b, and the mass distribution of the halo in which it resides, so that specifying
		Lowering the gas fraction and/or increasing the angular momentum of the disk can modify the degree of dominance, but for reasonable values of these parameters, we should expect at least the inner half of the disk (by mass) to be self-gravitating.
	www.atnf.csiro.au /pasa/16_1/nulsen/paper/node5.html (812 words)

	Disk Properties and the Kerr Parameter
		One of the goals of H91 was to study the effect of the proximity of the cusp in the relativistic potential to the inner edge of the torus, and how accretion into the fl hole affects mode growth.
		Thus the majority of the H91 runs dealt with tori with angular momentum above the marginally bound value, that is the smallest specific angular momentum for which a particle orbit has an inner turning point.
		In H91, an initial torus configuration was specified by choosing the angular momentum and the surface binding energy.
	www.astro.virginia.edu /VITA/papers/h91redux/node5.html (935 words)

	[109.03] The angular momentum of the gas in galactic halos: implications for the formation of spiral galaxies in CDM ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		[109.03] The angular momentum of the gas in galactic halos: implications for the formation of spiral galaxies in CDM models.
		The disk scale lenghts and rotation curves are determined by the gravitational potential and by the specific angular momentum distribution which the gas acquired from tidal interaction with the cosmological density field and which was modified during the protogalactic collapse phase.
		In the past cosmological N-body/SPH simulations have showed that the scale lengths and specific angular momenta of simulated disks are a factor of 10 smaller than observed (so called angular momentum problem of galaxy formation).
	www.aas.org /publications/baas/v34n4/aas201/712.htm (272 words)

	Energy minimization and angular momentum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Schematic angular momentum transfer between two annuli in a disk undergoing differential rotation; angular velocity decreases outward.
		(A) The torque or transport of angular momentum is indicated by the exchange of parcels of gas between each annulus, which bring differing angular momenta to the annuli to which they are transferred.
		Thus the energy can be reduced while conserving orbital angular momentum by moving the initially closer body in and moving the initially outer body further out.
	astron.berkeley.edu /~jrg/ay202/node122.html (993 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The three OBCs we adopted are the temperatures of the electrons and ions and the specific angular momentum of the accretion flow at a certain outer boundary.
		By seriously considering the outer boundary condition of the accretion flow, we find that due to the low specific angular momentum of the accretion gas, the accretion in Sgr A$^*$ should belong to a new accretion pattern, which is characterized by possessing a very large sonic radius.
		When the specific angular momentum is high, however, since the centrifugal force becomes stronger, the gas becomes transonic only after passing through a sonic point near the horizon with the help of the general relativistic effect (Abramowicz \& Zurek 1981; Shapiro \& Teukolsky 1984).
	www.mpifr-bonn.mpg.de /gcnews/gcnews/Vol.11/fyuan@nju.edu.cn_fyuan1.txt (6145 words)

	[No title]
		In all cases the angular momentum declines due to the dynamical friction with the dark matter.
		The changes in the angular momentum are clearly seen in both models: there are more particles with high angular momentum.
		This indicates that the dynamical friction transfers some angular momentum to the dark matter, but the effect is extremely weak.
	astro.nmsu.edu /~aklypin/BARS/bars.aux (1305 words)

	chapter 2
		The most important invariants of the motion of a celestial body are the absolute values of the spin angular momentum and the orbital angular momentum.
		Specific angular momentum of Jupiter and its prograde satellites.
		Specific angular momentum of Uranus and its prograde satellites.
	history.nasa.gov /SP-345/ch2.htm (2578 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		We examine the angular momentum, gravitational radiation, number of kinks, and electromagnetic self-interaction for cosmic-string loops produced in a numerical simulation of loop fragmentation.
		The final distributions of both the string angular momenta and the power radiated in gravitational radiation appear to be independent of the initial conditions.
		The median specific angular momentum is $\vec J/\mu l^2 = 0.01$.
	astro.uchicago.edu /home/web/lfarm/quashnock3.html (136 words)

	Hawley and Balbus: 3D Simulations
		In the corona, surfaces of constant specific angular momentum are swept back, consistent with conserved l along outflowing streamlines.
		It is this vigorous outward angular momentum transport that is responsible for building up a Keplerian profile: an initially shallower angular momentum distribution, as is typical in a thick torus equilibrium, exports more and more of its angular momentum to the exterior, until much of the radial pressure support is eliminated.
		Much of the flow through the outer radial boundary is a consequence of the increasing specific angular momentum in the outer part of the torus.
	www.astro.virginia.edu /VITA/papers/nraf2/section3.html (2481 words)

	Article
		If redistribution of angular momentum is ineffective during the final free-fall collapse, then a parcel of fluid with an excess of specific angular momentum about the cloud rotation axis amounting to Gamma = Omega_cR_p^2 (assuming a rigid body), will strike the disk plane at a centrifugal radius r_d ~ Gamma^2/GM.
		The angular momentum problem we referred to at the very beginning has not disappeared with the dissipation of the feeding molecular cloud core.
		As for their lower mass counterparts, angular momentum can be exchanged between the star and an accretion disk, by magnetic stresses that enforce corotation at the keplerian angular frequency where the dynamo maintained magnetosphere of the star intercept the disk plane (Cameron et al.
	www.upv.es /geos/prems.htm (2591 words)

	Generalization of Angular momentum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Nor can by the way its angular momentum for if there is no external torque acting then there can be no change in the angular momentum of the particle.
		The reason is that the velocity of the particle at that instant is indistinguishable from a particle in rotation about the reference point and so we can calculate the angular momentum as if the particle was going to continue in a circular trajectory about the reference point.
		Specifically when the distance to the reference point is r and the angle between the vector from the reference point to the particle is
	www.pha.jhu.edu /~broholm/l20/node5.html (366 words)

	Accretion
		The excess angular momentum is carried outwards by an infinitesimal amount of matter which is believed to be due to the effects of viscosity.
		Thus we have the behavior of the torque in the accretion disk as a function of the specific angular momentum at the location in the disk.
		This is more consistent with the specific angular momentum variable h.
	www.phys.lsu.edu /~gokhale/accretion.html (948 words)

	Julio Navarro: Galaxy Formation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The angular momentum of the gas determines the size and surface brightness of a disk galaxy.
		Figure 3 shows the specific angular momentum of dark matter halos (filled circles) and gaseous cores (open circles) as a function of mass for an ensemble of 30 simulations of galaxy formation in the standard CDM cosmogony.
		The specific angular momentum of gaseous disks is, on average, only a tenth of that of their surrounding halos, although tidal torques gave both components approximately the same spin during the expansion phase.
	pinot.phys.uvic.ca /~jfn/mywebpage/gxform.html (2234 words)

	Citebase - The Angular Momentum of Gas in Proto-Galaxies I. Implications for the Formation of Disk Galaxies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Despite these similarities, however, we find that the angular momentum vectors of the gas and dark matter are poorly aligned, with a median misalignment angle of about 30 degrees, which might have important implications for spin correlation statistics used in weak lensing studies.
		We present distributions for the component of the angular momentum that is aligned with the total angular momentum of each halo, and find that for between 5 and 50 percent of the mass this component is negative.
		We propose a new explanation for the origin of angular momentum in galaxies and their dark halos, in which the halos obtain their spin through the cumulative acquisition of angular momentum from satellite accretion.
	citebase.eprints.org /cgi-bin/citations?archiveID=oai:arXiv.org:astro-ph/0201095 (1769 words)

	Basics of accretion
		In this scenario the net amount of specific angular momentum carried by the gas stream and captured by the accreting object is mainly due to the asymmetry of the accretion.
		In the third case, the mass transfer process is not self-fed, but rather it occurs as a result of the expansion of the lobe-filling star (as a consequence of its evolution) or because of the fact that angular momentum losses from the system decrease the size of the Roche lobe.
		Thus viscosity is no longer able to transport angular momentum into or out of the star, and the accreting object simply gains the angular momentum of the accreting matter.
	www.mporzio.astro.it /~gianluca/phdthesis/node10.html (3135 words)

	definitions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Since we're concentrating on a specific relationship then we can arbitrarily distribute the absolute velocity between the two particles into parts inversely with respect to their mass to arrive at the single unique solution of a 'common' de Broglie wavelength.
		The act of choosing, out of n-1 possible momentum states, a single state, is an act of localization itself but a momentum state is a discrete relationship between two particles not a relationship between an ensemble of particles and a single particle.
		Momentum is a vector quantity which is assigned to a particle which will always be equal and opposite to that which it is juxtaposed or compared with respect to.
	www.singtech.com /definitions.html (4778 words)

	Angular Momentum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Specifically conservation of linear momentum is the cornerstone for treatment of collisions.
		Later we shall find that angular momentum can be equally useful for dealing with motion which is manifestly not rotational.
		We have two examples of conservation of angular momentum today for which I need a volunteer with a good sense of balance and a small moment of inertia for rotation about a vertical axis.
	www.pha.jhu.edu /~broholm/l19/node6.html (358 words)

	Apsis - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The geometric mean of the two speeds is $\sqrt{-2\epsilon}, the speed corresponding to a kinetic energy which, at any position of the orbit, added to the existing kinetic energy, would allow the orbiting body to escape (the square root of the sum of the squares of the two speeds is the local escape velocity).$
		Related and increasingly specific terms are often used to identify the body being orbited.
		For example, the terms apogee and perigee refer to an orbit around the earth, aphelion and perihelion refer to an orbit around the sun, and apastron and periastron refer to an orbit around a star.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Aphelion (396 words)

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