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Topic: Specific heat of vaporization

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	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Heat
		The amount of heat needed to raise a unit of mass of the substance one degree of temperature is called the specific heat of the substance.
		The amount of heat needed to convert one unit of mass of a substance from a solid to liquid is called the heat of fusion, or latent heat of fusion, of the substance.
		The heat of vaporization, or latent heat of vaporization, is the heat that must be added to convert one unit of mass of the substance from a liquid to a gas.
	www.reference.com /browse/columbia/heat (0 words)

	Bambooweb: Specific heat capacity
		The specific heat capacity (abbreviated C, also called specific heat) of a substance is defined as the amount of heat energy (measured in Joules) required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of the substance by one Kelvin.
		The equivalent definition using cgs units is the amount of heat energy (measured in ergs) required to raise the temperature of one gram of the substance by one degree Celsius.
		An approximation is possible because measuring the slope (derivative) of the internal energy due to random motion of atoms in a sample as a function of temperature, normalized by dividing by the mass of the sample, is normally almost linear.
	www.bambooweb.com /articles/s/p/Specific_heat_capacity.html (205 words)

	heat. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Heat is commonly expressed in either of two units: the calorie, an older metric unit, and the British thermal unit (Btu), an English unit commonly used in the United States.
		The amount of heat needed to raise a unit of mass of the substance one degree of temperature is called the specific heat of the substance.
		The heat of vaporization, or latent heat of vaporization, is the heat that must be added to convert one unit of mass of the substance from a liquid to a gas.
	www.bartleby.com /65/he/heat.html (652 words)

	Vaporization - LoveToKnow 1911 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The total heat of the saturated vapour at any temperature is usually defined as the quantity of heat required to raise unit mass of the liquid from any convenient zero up to the temperature considered, and then to evaporate it at that temperature under the constant pressure of saturation.
		The simplest method of measuring the specific heat appears to be that of supplying heat electrically to a steady current of vapour in a vacuum-jacket calorimeter, and observing the rise of temperature produced.
		The values of the specific heat in the next column are calculated for a constant pressure equal to that of saturation by formula (16) to illustrate the increase of the specific heat with rise of pressure.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Vaporization (6336 words)

	Physics 20: Specific Heat Capacity and Latent Heat
		Specific heat capacity is the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of a unit of mass of a substance by a unit change in temperature.
		T is the change in temperature in °C or K. The derived unit for c, the specific heat capacity, is J/(kg°C) The specific heat capacity of a substance depends on its molecular structure and on its phase.
		The specific latent heat of a substance is the quantity of heat energy required to change the state of a unit mass of a substance.
	www.sasked.gov.sk.ca /docs/physics/u4b2phy.html (0 words)

	Submarine Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Systems - Chapter 21 Glossary
		Vapors and gases have two specific heats, one when the volume is held constant, and one when the pressure is held constant.
		The heat that changes the physical state of a substance from a liquid to a solid, or from a solid to a liquid; no temperature change is shown by a thermometer during the conversion process.
		The heat that changes the physical state of a substance from a liquid to a vapor, or from a vapor to a liquid; no temperature change is shown by a thermometer during the conversion process.
	www.maritime.org /fleetsub/refrig/chap21.htm (1402 words)

	specific heat (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The specific heat of any material is the amount of heat required to raise one unit of mass of the material by one degree.
		Latent heat (L) is the heat that is exchanged with a material during a phase change, when the heat exchanged does not result in a change in the temperature of the material.
		Latent heat of vaporization is represented by the 2257 kJ that 1 kg of water must absorb while temperature remains constant at 100 C to evaporate from liquid into vapor.
	www.bae.uky.edu /snokes/BAE549thermo/physicalproperties/thermalprops.htm (730 words)

	Phase Changes: Heating Curve (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Boiling or vaporization is an example of a phase change from the liquid to the gas phase.
		The heating rate may be set to any value between zero and 1000.0 W. Successive sets of experimental data are plotted on the graph, which may be reset using the "Reset Graph" button.
		In particular it is assumed that the heat is instantaneously distributed in a uniform fashion throughout the system and that during a phase change the phase-change process is always at equilibrium.
	www.chm.davidson.edu /ChemistryApplets/PhaseChanges/HeatingCurve.html (650 words)

	College Physics for Students of Biology and Chemistry - Heat Flow
		The heat capacity (denoted by C) of an object is the ratio of change in heat to change in temperature, and the specific heat (denoted by c) of a substance is the heat capacity per unit mass.
		Q = m L. The latent heat of fusion of water is 335 kJ / kg, and the latent heat of vaporization of water is 2260 kJ / kg at 100 C. Note that the heat added or lost during a phase change does not affect the temperature during the phase change.
		Conduction is the flow of heat energy from regions of warmer temperature to regions of cooler temperature.
	www.rwc.uc.edu /koehler/biophys.2ed/heat.html (1526 words)

	Heat - Change of states - Latent heat - Page 5
		In fact, the latent heat required is proportional to the mass of the substance undergoing the change of state.
		Starting from the heated end, these candles would fall one by one as the heat conducted through the rods is sufficient to melt the base of the candles.
		Quite generally, the specific latent heat of vaporization of a material is about 10 times larger than its specific latent heat of fusion.
	resources.emb.gov.hk /cphysics/heat/cha/la_he05_e.html (569 words)

	Heat (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The heat capacity of a substance is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a defined amount of pure substances by one degree (Celsius or Kelvin).
		The specific heat of a substance is the number of calories needed to raise the temperature of one gram by 1
		Heat that raises the temperature of the system can be sensed, but heat that results in a change in the state of the system from solid to liquid or from liquid to gas is latent.
	chemed.chem.purdue.edu /genchem/topicreview/bp/ch5/heat.html (592 words)

	Heat
		It is the amount of heat required to convert a unit mass of the material from its solid to its liquid phase, or vice versa.
		We expect that the amount of heat required to undergo a phase change from liquid to gaseous will be given by a relation similar to (79), but there is no reason for the constant of proportionality to be the same.
		Assume that the heat capacity of the container is negligible, and the soda has the same specific heat capacity as water.
	physics.tamuk.edu /~suson/html/1401/heat.html (875 words)

	mixing drying terminology glossary of terms and meanings for mix dry machinery			This is the liquid which exerts a vapor pressure less than that of a pure liquid at a given temperature due to containment in pores or capillaries, by chemical or physical absorption, by solution in the material or by chemical adsorption on a solid surface.
		Ratio of the heat capacity of a substance to the heat capacity of water.
		When the heating source and mass being heated are both at constant temperatures (e.g., addition of heat for vaporization) the temperature difference is simply the (average) difference in temperature between the two masses or Dt.
	www.aaronprocess.com /glossary.asp (0 words)

	Explanation of the Thermodynamic Anomalies of Water (T1-T11)
		ES equilibrium towards the ES structure reduces the enthalpy of the liquid water relative to the ice due to the consequent increase in hydrogen-bond strength and this causes the drop in the heat of fusion with lowering temperature.
		As water is heated, the increased movement of water causes the hydrogen bonds to bend and break.
		As water is heated, much of the energy is used to bend the hydrogen bonds; a factor not available in the solid or gaseous phase.
	www.lsbu.ac.uk /water/explan4.html (0 words)

	Heat of Fusion, Vaporization
		The accepted value of the latent heat of vaporization of water at room pressure is 540.
		With the water in the steam generator boiling gently and steam flowing freely from the steam tube (as evidenced by water vapor coming from the tube, recall that steam is invisible), place the open end of the hose with escaping steam into the calorimeter water and stir.
		Apply your energy conservation assumptions and determine the latent heat of vaporization of steam at rooom pressure.
	www.nku.edu /~cinsam/intsci/sci110/worksheets/heatfusion.html (0 words)

	vaporization. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		There is fundamentally no difference between the terms gas and vapor, but gas is used commonly to describe a substance that appears in the gaseous state under standard conditions of pressure and temperature, and vapor to describe the gaseous state of a substance that appears ordinarily as a liquid or solid.
		Vaporization of a liquid below its boiling point is called evaporation, which occurs at any temperature when the surface of a liquid is exposed in an unconfined space.
		For example, the vapor pressure of water, measured in terms of the height of mercury in a barometer, is 4.58 mm at 0°C and 760 mm at 100°C (its boiling point).
	www.bartelby.com /65/va/vaporiza.html (0 words)

	S.O.S. Mathematics CyberBoard :: View topic - heat required for phase change
		How much heat must be added to bring 20g of ice at 0 C to water vapor at 100 C? Heat of fusion of ice: 80 cal/g
		Heat of vaporization of water is: 540 cal/g
		In between, the temperature is raised by 100C which, for 20g of liquid water (specific heat capacity 1cal/g/C), needs 2000cal.
	www.sosmath.com /CBB/viewtopic.php?t=27598 (398 words)

	Phase Changes
		The energy required to change a gram of a liquid into the gaseous state at the boiling point is called the "heat of vaporization".
		A significant feature of the vaporization phase change of water is the large change in volume that accompanies it.
		One way to visualize this large volume change is to note the volume of 18 ml of water in a graduated cylinder as the volume occupied by Avogadro's number of water molecules in the liquid state.
	hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu /hbase/thermo/phase2.html (0 words)

	Universal Industrial Gases, Inc...Composition of Air - Components & Properties of Air
		Because water vapor is less dense than air (the molecular weight of water is 18.02 vs.28.98 for dry air), the difference in density between dry air and (less-dense) saturated air also increases with temperature.
		The maximum amount of water vapor that can be present in air varies with air temperature; but the the amount of water vapor actually present in air will depend on a number of other factors.
		Vaporizing liquid nitrogen and warming the gas to ambient temperature absorbs a large quantity of heat.
	www.uigi.com /air.html (0 words)

	Heat - Latent Heat
		The latent heat is the energy released or absorbed during a change of state.
		The diagram on the left shows the uptake of heat by 1 kg of water, as it passes from ice at -50 ºC to steam at temperaturesabove 100 ºC, affects the temperature of the sample.
		The specific latent heat of fusion of ice is 334 kJ.kg
	www.physchem.co.za /Heat/Latent.htm (0 words)

	Steam, vapor, density, latent, sensible heat vaporization, specific, volume, pressure, dynamic viscosity, enthalpy
		Specific mass of the steam in a volume of 1 m3.
		It is the total heat contained in 1 kg of steam.
		It is the sum of the enthalpy of the various states, liquid (water) and gas (vapour).
	www.thermexcel.com /english/tables/vap_eau.htm (0 words)

	heat: Measures of Heat — FactMonster.com
		Heat is commonly expressed in either of two units: the
		The amount of heat needed to raise a unit of mass of the substance one degree of temperature is called the
		After a substance is completely changed from a solid to a liquid, further addition of heat again causes the temperature to rise until it reaches the
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/sci/A0858573.html (0 words)

	Chemistry Tutorial
		For example, ice floats because hydrogen bonds hold water molecules further apart in a solid than in a liquid, where there is one less hydrogen bond per molecule.
		The unique physical properties, including a high heat of vaporization, strong surface tension, high specific heat, and nearly universal solvent properties of water are also due to hydrogen bonding.
		The hydrophobic effect, or the exclusion of compounds containing carbon and hydrogen (nonpolar compounds) is another unique property of water caused by the hydrogen bonds.
	www.biology.arizona.edu /biochemistry/tutorials/chemistry/page3.html (0 words)

	Infrared Heating Questionaire
		Our other website (www.InfraredHeaters.com) will help you with your electric infrared heating questions and product needs.
		Electric infrared heating technology has been successfully used in industrial processing and commercial applications for many years.
		The success of a particular application, however, depends upon utilizing the proper infrared source for the given application.
	www.heatersplus.com /infrared.htm (0 words)

	VRIPTECH
		It's not the vapor specific tool we wanted Steinel to make for us, but it has a number of the features we asked for...this is the most precise heat tool on the market even putting to shame Steinel's previous models.
		No Vaporizer comes close to the temperature accuracy and no vaporizer is made with the same quality of materials.
		The SVT user's manual is an informational manual detailing the advantages of vaporization over smoking and of the Superior Vaporization Technique over conventional vaporization approaches and includes the specifics on necessary implements, sources, and recommendations for SVT vaporization as well as step by step procedures that describe exactly how one goes about utilizing the SVT.
	www.vriptech.com /product.htm (903 words)

	Standard enthalpy change of vaporization Summary
		The heat of vaporization is the heat that is absorbed to transform a substance from its liquid state to its vapor, that is, to boil or evaporate the liquid substance completely.
		A heat of vaporization for a substance is only valid for conversion of the pure liquid to the pure gaseous state of the substance.
		Heat of vaporization is often expressed as the amount of heat (in Joules) that is required to change 1 gram of liquid into gas.
	www.bookrags.com /Standard_enthalpy_change_of_vaporization (979 words)

	Land Of Physics, Others
		The amount of heat ∆Q added to a body of mass m to raise its temperature by ∆θ is given by "∆Q = mc∆θ", c is the specific heat capacity of the body.
		Latent heat is the heat needed to change the state of a substance.
		:- The specific latent heat of fusion of a solid is the heat required to convert unit mass of it, at its melting point (m.p), to liquid at the same temperature.
	library.thinkquest.org /C0111709/English/Prop-Matter/others.html (389 words)

	Heat
		Heat is a mechanism by which energy is transferred between a system and its environment because of a temperature difference between them.
		Heat is thermal energy, the ability to change the T of a system in contact.
		Specific heat of sand is lower than that of water.
	www.physics.uc.edu /~sitko/CollegePhysicsIII/11-Heat/Heat.htm (1032 words)

	ChemTeam: Molar Heat of Vaporization (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The molar heat of vaporization for water is 40.7 kJ/mol.
		is the symbol for the molar heat of vaporization.
		Example #4 - using the heat of vaporization for water in J/g, calculate the energy needed to boil 50.0 g of water at its boiling point of 100 °C. Solution - multiply the heat of vaporization (expressed in J/g) by the mass of the water involved.
	dbhs.wvusd.k12.ca.us /webdocs/Thermochem/Molar-Heat-Vaporization.html (429 words)

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