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Topic: Specific humidity

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	Humidity as a Factor Arctic Weather and Climate
		Humidity is a measure of the amount of water vapor in the air.
		"Specific humidity" is the mass of water vapor per unit mass of combined dry air and water vapor, generally expressed in grams per kilogram.
		Relative humidity compares the actual concentration of water vapor in the air with the concentration of water vapor that the atmosphere could hold (if the atmosphere were at saturation).
	nsidc.org /arcticmet/factors/humidity.html (537 words)

	How Humidity is Expressed
		Specific Humidity measures the water vapor content of the air using the mass of the water vapor for a given mass of air.
		Relative humidity is a ratio that compares the amount of water vapor in the air with the amount of water vapor that would be present in the air at saturation.
		Relative humidity is given as a percentage: the amount of water vapor is expressed as a percent of saturation.
	daphne.palomar.edu /jthorngren/measures.htm (1323 words)

	Satellite finds warming 'relative' to humidity
		Humidity levels in this part of the atmosphere, especially in the tropics, are important for global climate, because this is where the water vapor has the strongest impact as a greenhouse gas.
		Relative humidity relates to the saturation point, the amount of water vapor in the air divided by the maximum amount of water the air is capable of holding at a given temperature.
		Using the UARS data to actually quantify both specific humidity and relative humidity, the researchers found, while water vapor does increase with temperature in the upper troposphere, the feedback effect is not as strong as models have predicted.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2004-03/nsfc-sfw031504.php (656 words)

	Humidity - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Relative humidity is the most frequently encountered measurement of humidity because it is regularly used in weather forecasts.
		Relative humidity is defined as the ratio of the partial pressure of water vapor in a gaseous mixture of air and water to the saturated vapor pressure of water at a given temperature.
		Humidity is a measure of the amount of water vapor in the air, not the total amount of vapor and liquid.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Humidity (1542 words)

	ARL Frequently Asked Questions
		Specific humidity is the concentration, by mass, of water vapor in a sample of moist air.
		Absolute humidity is the water vapor density, defined as the ratio of the mass of water vapor to the volume of associated moist air and generally expressed in grams per cubic meter.
		We define relative humidity as the ratio of the actual vapor pressure to the saturation vapor pressure at the air temperature, and the result is expressed as a percentage.
	www.arl.noaa.gov /faq/c1.html (1761 words)

	Specific Humidity
		Specific humidity is the number of grams of water vapor per kilogram of air.
		Relative humidity is defined in terms of the specific humidity.
		Specific humidity is nearly the same as the mixing ratio except near the surface in the more humid parts of the tropics.
	www.atmo.ttu.edu /leary/notes2.html (1255 words)

	humidity. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Humidity is measured by means of a hygrometer.
		Thus cold air, while its moisture content is necessarily quite low (low absolute humidity), may be almost saturated with respect to the maximum amount of water vapor it is capable of holding (high relative humidity).
		Conversely, hot air attended by high relative humidity “feels” warmer than it actually is because of an increased conduction of heat to the body combined with a lessening of the cooling effect afforded by evaporation.
	www.bartleby.com /65/hu/humidity.html (330 words)

	NWS Louisville: Discussion of Moisture/Humidity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Absolute humidity (expressed as grams of water vapor per cubic meter volume of air) is a measure of the actual amount of water vapor (moisture) in the air, regardless of the air's temperature.
		SPECIFIC HUMIDITY refers to the weight (amount) of water vapor contained in a unit weight (amount) of air (expressed as grams of water vapor per kilogram of air).
		In humid climates, thunderstorms often cause heavier rain than general wintertime rainfall since moisture content in the air typically is higher in the spring and summer, and since air usually rises at a much more rapid rate within developing thunderstorms than in general winter systems.
	www.crh.noaa.gov /lmk/soo/docu/humidity.php (1474 words)

	QELP Data Set 026
		This measure of humidity is referred to as the specific humidity, which is NOT the measure of humidity given on the nightly newscast (that would be relative humidity).
		Specific humidity is a useful measure of the amount of water vapor gas in the atmosphere for a number of reasons.
		Specific humidity is not dependent upon the volume of gas involved, and therefore can be used to directly compare parcels of atmosphere that might be at different pressures and temperatures.
	www.seattlecentral.org /qelp/sets/026/026.html (405 words)

	Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis
		Water vapour pressure, dew-point or relative humidity at the surface is conventionally measured using wet and dry bulb thermometers exposed in thermometer screens at climate stations.
		Specific humidity trends over the United States were overwhelmingly positive for the period 1961 to 1995, with magnitudes of several per cent per decade, and with the largest and most statistically significant trends in spring and summer (Gaffen and Ross, 1999).
		The specific humidity and derived dew point trends are broadly consistent, both spatially and in their day-night differences, with temperature trends.
	www.pnl.gov /aisu/pubs/eemw/papers/ipccreports/workinggroup1/079.htm (1029 words)

	Farm structures ... - Ch7 Climate and environmental control: Psychrometry-Moisture transmission-Vapor ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Specific humidity (H) is the weight of water vapour in kg/ kg of dry air.
		Relative humidity (RH) is the ratio of the actual water vapour pressure (Pw) to the vapour pressure of saturated air at the same temperature (Pwsat).
		Humid volume is the volume of an air-moisture mixture per mass of dry air.
	www.fao.org /docrep/S1250E/S1250E0r.htm (3718 words)

	Water Damage, Drying, Mitigation, Repairs, Cleaning
		In relation to specific humidity, the density of air would weigh 12.387 pounds per cubic foot or (0.08073 pounds per cubic foot) at 32º F with an atmospheric pressure of 29.92 inches of mercury.
		While the specific humidity (weight of water) will only fluctuate by a tenth of a percent from 0º to 102º F and for all intentional purposes could be considered constant during temperature changes.
		Vapor pressure, specific humidity and grains of moisture per pound of dry air are related in that, as the vapor pressure increases or decreases, the grains of moisture and the specific moisture will remain constant with the vapor pressure and vice versa.
	www.p1m.com /WM2.htm (1735 words)

	Meteo 473 - The Milestoners
		Specific humidity was plotted because at this level in the atmosphere, high levels of specific humidity often indicate the presence of clouds.
		This concatenation was done so that all 6 variables (temp, wind in x and y, omega, and specific humidity, and the magnitude of the wind speed) would be plotted, and exported as a PNG file.
		The process also is done for omega using “xomega” with the data from “omega” and for specific humidity using “xsh” with the data from “shum”.
	www.personal.psu.edu /smd293/meteo473/milestone3.html (1348 words)

	Humidity and Stability
		Specific humidity: the ratio of the mass of water vapor (in grams) to the ratio of the mass of moist air (in kgs).
		For unsaturated air, relative humidity is inversely proportional to the temperature.
		The relative humidity of the unsaturated air increases when water vapor is added to the air (increasing the vapor pressure) and/or the air is cooled (lowering the saturation vapor pressure).
	userpages.umbc.edu /~tokay/chapter6.html (2222 words)

	Re: humidity and air density (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		"Specific humidity" is the ratio of mass of water vapor in a volume of atmosphere to the total mass of that volume.
		"Relative humidity" is the ratio of specific humidity to saturation specific humidity, that is, a measure of how close to saturation the air is.
		If specific humidity goes beyond 100%, clouds generally form as water vapor leaves the air solution and turns into liquid droplets.
	www.mit.edu /people/goodmanj/madsci/868970918.Es.r.html (344 words)

	Weather Elements: Sometimes It's Relative: Humidity
		Absolute humidity is defined as the mass of water vapour contained in a volume of air, that is, the density of water vapour, generally expressed as grams per cubic metre.
		Absolute humidity is commonly used by meteorologists because it varies only moderately through an air mass, being added mainly by evaporation or subtracted by condensation, or altered by mixing along the air mass edges.
		Relative humidity is usually what the media mean when they say "humidity." Relative humidity has uses in human comfort determination and many areas of biometeorology, but it can be a confusing measure because its value varies through the day with the air temperature.
	islandnet.com /~see/weather/elements/humidity.htm (990 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Humidity is the general term for the amount of water vapor in the air.
		Specific Humidity is the weight of water vapor per weight of a chosen mass of air, including water vapor.
		Relative Humidity is the ratio of the air’s actual water vapor content to it’s potential water vapor capacity at a given temperature.
	mywebpage.netscape.com /Giggles98710/fifth15/Humidity.htm (131 words)

	Passive Humidity-Control Materials
		The objective of this study is to determine the feasibility of generating ceramic monoliths with controlled pore size in the range appropriate for the condensation of water at a specific humidity level.
		Maintaining humidity levels within a desired range is required for comfort, preservation of building materials, and the inhibition of mold growth.
		The pore size dictates the humidity cutoff level, thus when humidity is greater than the cutoff, water condenses in the pores; when less than the cutoff, water vapor is released.
	ceer.alfred.edu /Research/passivehumidity.html (1039 words)

	Misting, Evaporative, cooling, fogging, nozzles, temperature, humidity, moiture, dew, excel, calculation
		Dry temperature - Wet temperature - Dew temperature - Relative humidity - Specific moisture - Enthalpy - Density - Specific volume - Enthalpy of the air - Sensible Heat - Latent heat - Vapor pressure - Pressure of the saturating vapor - Adiabatic temperature of saturation.
		SPECIFIC VOLUME in m3/kg of air - It is the volume occupied by the weight of one kilogram of dry air in a whole of specific conditions.
		Therefore in one m3 of humid air, one finds the sum of the masses of components, it is the sum of the density of the dry air and the water vapor, with the partial pressures and indicated temperatures.
	www.thermexcel.com /english/program/psych-us.htm (1517 words)

	Welcome to Adobe GoLive 6
		In the discussion below, the term specific humidity refers to the water vapor content of the air, as measured by the ratio of the mass of water in the air parcel to the total mass of the parcel.
		It is proportional to the difference between the specific humidity in the layer of air somewhat above the glacer surface, and the air in immediate contact with the glacier.
		If the relative humidity is held fixed as the air is warmed, the implied increase in specific humidity of the air will further increase the downward infrared flux, though it might somewhat decrease the latent flux.
	geosci.uchicago.edu /~rtp1/glaciers/EnergyBudget.html (1662 words)

	Specific Humidity or Humidity Ratio of Air
		Specific humidity is the ratio between the actual mass of water vapor present in moist air - to the mass of the dry air.
		Specific Volume of Moist Air Specific volume is defined as the total volume of humid air per mass unit of dry air.
		Enthalpy of Moist and Humid Air The enthalpy of moist and humid air consist of sensible heat and latent heat.
	www.engineeringtoolbox.com /humidity-ratio-air-d_686.html (764 words)

	Relative humidity - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Relative humidity is the ratio of the amount of water vapor in air to the maximum amount of water vapor that could be in the air if the vapor were at its saturation conditions.
		Relative humidity is wholly understood in terms of the physical properties of water alone and therefore is unrelated to this concept.
		Relative humidity is often mentioned in weather forecasts and reports, as it is an indicator of the likelihood of precipitation, dew, or fog.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Relative_humidity (911 words)

	USATODAY.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Humidity is the amount of water vapor in the air and can be described in different ways.
		Another common measurement of humidity is the dew point, which most of us also also have to work, at least a little, to understand.
		Specific humidity: The mass of water vapor in a parcel divided by the total mass of the air in the parcel (including water vapor)
	www.usatoday.com /weather/whumdef.htm (1114 words)

	Evaporation and Humidity
		When the specific humidity equals the air’s capacity for holding water vapor, the air is saturated.
		Relative humidity compares the actual amount of water vapor in the air (its specific humidity) with the maximum amount of water vapor the air can hold a that temperature (its capacity).
		If its specific humidity at a particular time is 11 grams, its relative humidity is 50 percent.
	www.angelfire.com /nj2/weatherfacts/evaporation.html (786 words)

	1995: Journal of Climate, 8(8), 1974-1987
		The rate of fractional increase of specific humidity with temperature at 500 mb is as large as that in the surface boundary layer.
		The characteristic horizontal structure of the specific humidity variations at levels in the free troposphere, however, is very different from that of the temperature variations.
		The leading EOF for the normalized specific humidity variations at levels in the free troposphere is characterized by regions with alternating positive and negative signs, while the leading EOF for the corresponding temperature variations has a single sign throughout the Tropics.
	www.gfdl.noaa.gov /reference/bibliography/1995/dzs9501.html (398 words)

	calc_humidity
		Humidity can be measured indirectly with dry and wet-bulb thermometers.
		Humidity is essentially the number of water vapour molecules in the air, but there are many and varied ways of expressing it.
		All of these terms are used scientifically, but humidity figures provided for public use in newspapers are usually relative humidity.
	www.bom.gov.au /lam/humiditycalc.shtml (671 words)

	Code\|Snatchers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Specific Humidity is a variable that is important with respect to cloud formation.
		Specific humidity is the measure of the mass of water vapor per unit mass of air - including the mass of the water vapor.
		If the value of specific humidity is too low, there may not be enough moisture present to condense on the cloud condensation nuclei to form clouds.
	www.personal.psu.edu /jer5010/Meteo_473/ms5spechum.html (207 words)

	Research
		When relative humidity exceeds a fixed threshold, specific humidity is relaxed towards the corresponding threshold value on a time-scale of 6/8 hours, and the latent heat content removed from the atmosphere is converted into dry static energy.
		SW transmissivity is a function of layer mass, specific humidity and cloud cover.
		Dry static energy and specific humidity are diffused when a conditional instability criterion is satisfied.
	www-paoc.mit.edu /cmi/development/franco_physics.htm (369 words)

	week5-conf-summary-170
		Specific Humidity (SH) is the ratio of the mass of water vapor in a parcel of air to the total mass of the air ("dry" components and water vapor).
		Both specific humidity and mixing ratio are very good indicators of the actual amount of moisture in the air.
		Specific humidity, dew point and mixing ratio may be used to indicate the actual amount of moisture in the air.
	www.borg.com /~glenn/umuc/170/conf/confersum-5.htm-nry (4648 words)

	psychrometrics
		Specific volume is identified by diagonal lines in 0.5 increments.
		The removal or addition of heat to the moist air, while keeping a constant humidity ratio, can also be shown by drawing a horizontal line from state point 1 to state point 2 (Figure 4 a and b).
		C and 10% relative humidity is used to dry rice in a bin dryer.
	www.bae.uky.edu /~snokes/BAE549thermo/psychrometrics.htm (1105 words)

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