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Topic: Specific orbital energy

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Orbital energy conservation equation

Orbital speed

Energy

Hohmann transfer orbit

Binding energy

Orbit equation

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Geostationary transfer orbit

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	Encyclopedia :: encyclopedia : Energy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Energy of physical system in a certain given state is defined as the amount of work (W) needed to change the state of the system from some initial position, known as the reference state or reference level, to a specific or final position.
		In contrast to kinetic energy, which is the energy of a system due to its motion, or the internal motion of its particles, the potential energy of a system is the energy associated with the spatial configuration of its components and their interaction with each other.
		Internal energy is the kinetic energy associated with the motion of molecules, and the potential energy associated with the rotational, vibrational and electric energy of atoms within molecules.
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /topic/Energy.html (2231 words)

	Energy
		Energy can be in several forms: mechanical potential—due to possible physical interactions with other objects (for example, gravitational potential energy); kinetic—contained in macroscopic motion; chemical—potential stored in chemical bonds between atoms; electrical—potential due to possible charge interactions; thermal—contained in the kinetic energy of individual molecules; nuclear—potential stored between constituents of nuclei.
		Similarly, gravitational potential energy is converted into the kinetic energy of moving water (and a turbine) in a dam, which in turn is transformed into electric energy by a generator.
		This mathematical relationship demonstrates the direct connection between force and potential energy: the force between two objects is in the direction of decreasing potential energy, and the magnitude of the force is proportional to the extent to which potential energy decreases.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/e/en/energy.html (2555 words)

	Omnipelagos.com ~ article "Specific orbital energy"
		In astrodynamics the specific orbital energy (or vis-viva energy) of an orbiting body traveling through space under standard assumptions is the sum of its potential energy () and kinetic energy () per unit mass.
		In this case the specific orbital energy is also referred to as characteristic energy (or) and is equal to the excess specific energy compared to that for an escape orbit (parabolic orbit).
		This corresponds to the fact that for such orbits the total energy is one half of the potential energy, because the kinetic energy is minus one half of the potential energy.
	www.omnipelagos.com /entry?n=specific_orbital_energy (876 words)

	Energy - Engineering - a Wikia wiki
		The energy of a physical system is defined as the amount of mechanical work that the system can produce if it changes its state to its reference state; for example if a litre of water cools down to 0°C or if a car hits a tree and decelerates from 120 km/h to 0 km/h.
		Energy can be in several forms: mechanical potential—due to possible physical interactions with other objects (for example, gravitational potential energy); kinetic—contained in macroscopic motion; chemical—potential stored in chemical bonds between atoms; electrical—potential due to possible charge interactions; thermal—contained in the kinetic energy of individual molecules[[2]]; nuclear energy[[3]]—potential stored between constituents of atomic nucleus [[4]].
		For example thermal energy is essentially kinetic energy of atoms and molecules; chemical energy can be visualized to be the potential energy of atoms within molecules; electrical energy can be visualized to be the potential and kinetic energy of electrons; similarly nuclear energy is the potential energy of nucleons in atomic nucleii.
	engineering.wikia.com /wiki/Energy (2583 words)

	Orbital speed - Definition, explanation
		The orbital speed at any position in the orbit can be computed from the distance to the central body at that position, and the specific orbital energy, which is independent of position: the kinetic energy is the total energy minus the potential energy.
		The transverse orbital speed is inversely proportional to the distance to the central body because of the law of conservation of angular momentum, or equivalently, Kepler's second law.
		The mean orbital speed can be derived either from observations of the orbital period and the semimajor axis of its orbit, or from knowledge of the masses of the two bodies and the semimajor axis.
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/o/or/orbital_speed.php (568 words)

	BT Research - Orbit (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Second, he found that the orbital speed of each planet is not constant, as had previously been thought, but rather that the speed of the planet depends on the planet's distance from the sun.
		There are also specific terms for orbits around particular bodies; things orbiting the Sun have a perihelion and aphelion, things orbiting the Earth have a perigee and apogee, and things orbiting the Moon have a perilune and apolune (or, synonymously, periselene and aposelene).
		The orbital energy is converted to heat in the wire.
	www.breathittteens.com /research.php?title=Orbit (3033 words)

	Energy density - KnowallWiki
		Energy density is the amount of potential energy stored in a given system or region of space per unit volume or per unit mass, depending on the context.
		Some believe that vacuum energy might be the "dark energy" (also called quintessence) associated with the cosmological constant in General relativity, thought to be similar to a negative force of gravity (see antigravity).
		Energy density is the amount of energy (kilojoules or calories) per milliliter of food.
	www.darkgovernment.com /wiki/index.php?title=Energy_density&redirect=no (874 words)

	Energy
		Under standard assumptions, specific orbital energy () of elliptic orbit is negative and the orbital energy conservation equation for this orbit takes form: where: is orbital velocity of orbiting body, is radial distance of orbiting body from central body, is length of semi-major axis, is standard gravitational parameter.
		Under standard assumptions, specific orbital energy () is negative and the orbital energy conservation equation for this orbit takes the form: where: is orbital velocity of orbiting body, is radius of orbit equal to radial distance of orbiting body from central body, is standard gravitational parameter.
		Under standard assumptions, specific orbital energy () of a hyperbolic trajectory is greater than zero and the orbital energy conservation equation for this kind of trajectory takes form: where: is orbital velocity of orbiting body, is radial distance of orbiting body from central body, is length of semi-major axis,...
	www.experiencefestival.com /energy (1064 words)

	Specific orbital energy Details, Meaning Specific orbital energy Article and Explanation Guide
		In astrodynamics the specific orbital energy () of an orbiting body traveling through space under standard assumptions is the sum of its potential energy () and kinetic energy () per unit mass.
		For an elliptical orbit the rate of change of the specific orbital energy with respect to a change in the semi-major axis is.
		The energy is −29.6 MJ/kg [1]: the potential energy is −59.2 MJ/kg, and the kinetic energy 29.6 MJ/kg.
	www.e-paranoids.com /s/sp/specific_orbital_energy.html (572 words)

	Energy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		'''Energy''' is a fundamental quantity that every physical system possesses; it allows us to predict how much work the system could be made to do, or how much heat it can produce or absorb.
		The law of conservation of energy states that the total amount of energy, corresponding to the sum of a system's constituent Energy components, remains constant.
		The calorie is mainly used in nutrition and equals the amount of heat necessary to raise the temperature of one gram of water by 1 degree Celsius, at a pressure of 1 atm.
	energy.borgfind.com (2252 words)

	Orbitals
		But the energy levels just happen to be such that the electron returns to whence it came some integer number of periods later.
		There is a high probability of observing an orbit at certain well known and quite specific energy levels, but zero chance of observing an electron in between.
		If the energy level is just slightly off an optimal integer multiple of the wavelength, the first and second orbit might positively interfere, but the first and seventeenth orbit might be totally opposite in phase.
	polyticks.com /psi/orbitals.htm (593 words)

	Energy - Article from FactBug.org - the fast Wikipedia mirror site (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		While kinetic energy is the portion of a system's energy related to motion, potential energy is the energy of a system associated with the spatial configuration of the system's components and their interaction(s) with each other.
		This relationship demonstrates that the force between the objects is in the direction of decreasing potential energy, and the magnitude of the force is proportional to the extent to which potential energy decreases.
		Apart from its usage in physics the concept of energy is also widely used in the many movements and beliefs that comprise New Age but in contrast to physics its operationalization is not practical and reliable, or is even left completely undefined.
	www.factbug.org /cgi-bin/a.cgi?a=9649 (2106 words)

	Hohmann transfer orbit . Germany . Specific orbital energy . 1997 . Interplanetary Superhighway
		The energy is −29.6 MJkg search?num=100&hl=en&lr=&newwindow=1&safe=off&q=398600 2F6738 2F2]: the potential energy is −59.2 MJkg, and the kinetic energy 29.6 MJkg.
		These transfers have particularly low delta-v requirements, and appear to be the lowest energy transfers, even lower than the common Hohmann transfer orbit that has dominated orbital dynamics in the past.
		The Interplanetary Superhighway is based around a series of orbital paths predicted by chaos theory, leading to and from the unstable orbits around the Lagrange points — points in space where the gravity between various bodies balances out.
	www.uk.knowledge-info.org /Hohmann_transfer_orbit-UK-3171331-fn (576 words)

	Elliptic orbit Information
		Specific energy of an elliptical orbit is negative.
		An orbit with an eccentricity of 0 is a circular orbit.
		The orbital period is equal to that for a circular orbit with the orbit radius equal to the semi-major axis (
	www.bookrags.com /wiki/Elliptic_orbit (252 words)

	Gravitational slingshot
		In orbital mechanics and aerospace engineering, a gravitational slingshot is the use of the gravity of a planet to alter the path and speed of an interplanetary spacecraft.
		A given rocket burn always provides the same change in velocity (delta-v), but the change in kinetic energy is proportional to the vehicle's velocity at the time of the burn.
		A spinning fl hole actually is surrounded by a region of space, called the ergosphere, within which standing still (with respect to the fl hole's spin) is impossible, as space itself slips in the same direction as the fl hole's spin at the speed of light.
	www.slingshoteffect.com (1555 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		In this case the specific orbital energy is also referred to as characteristic energy (or
		) and is equal to the excess specific energy compared to that for an escape orbit (parabolic orbit).
		is the kinetic energy of the horizontal component of the velocity.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=specific_orbital_energy (822 words)

	NTU Info Centre: Specific orbital energy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		According to the [[orbital energy conservation equation]] (also referred to as '''vis-viva equation''') it is the same at all points of the [[trajectory]]: :
		Thus, when applying delta-v to increase specific orbital energy, this is done most efficiently if '''a''' is applied in the direction of '''v''', and when '''v'''
		When applying delta-v to ''decrease'' specific orbital energy, this is done most efficiently if '''a''' is applied in the direction opposite to that of '''v''', and again when '''v'''
	www.nowtryus.net /article:Specific_orbital_energy?source=true (889 words)

	Discover the Wisdom of Mankind on energy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The energy of a physical system is defined as the amount of mechanical work that the system can produce if it changes its state to its reference state; for example if a liter of water cools down to 0°C or if a car hits a tree and decelerates from 120 km/h to 0 km/h.
		Energy of an object can be in several forms, potential?due to the position of the object relative to other objects; kinetic?energy because of its motion; chemical?due to chemical bonds between atoms that make up the substance; electrical?due to its charge; thermal?due to its heat; and nuclear?due to the instability of the nuclei of its atoms.
		Oneandnbsp;eVandnbsp; is equivalent to 1.60217653andtimes;10andminus;19andnbsp;J. In spectroscopy^ the unit \mathrm{cm}^{-1} = 0.0001239 \mathrm{eV} is used to represent energy since energy is inversely proportional to wavelength from the equation E = h \nu = h c/\lambda.
	www.blinkbits.com /blinks/energy (3241 words)

	Scientific American: Migrating Planets
		The orbital radii of the planets have been used to infer the mass distribution within the solar nebula.
		Most have orbital periods in excess of 250 years and thus have been tracked for less than 1 percent of their orbits.
		Their orbital distribution is not a pattern of uniform, nearly circular, low-inclination orbits, as would be expected for a pristine, unperturbed planetesimal population.
	burro.astr.cwru.edu /denise/Spring03/migrating_planets.htm (3265 words)

	Final Gallery
		Since the Pathfinder in its Hohmann Transfer Orbit has more total orbital energy per unit mass (specific orbital energy) than the earth (because its orbit covers more area), it is traveling faster than the earth when it reaches the point in its orbit with the same radius of orbit as the Earth's (Point A).
		This is because, as objects move closer to the Sun, they gain kinetic energy (and lose gravitational potential energy) and speed up, and as they move farther away, they gain gravitational potential energy (and lose kinetic energy) and slow down, but according to the law of conservation of energy, the total orbital energy is constant.
		Since Mars has more total energy (per unit mass) in its orbit, it is going faster when the two orbits have an equal radius (at Point B), and therefore equal potential energy and different kinetic energy.
	aerospacescholars.jsc.nasa.gov /has/Students/finalGall.cfm?id=3983 (737 words)

	dispatches from TJICistan » Blog Archive » beaming energy to space elevators
		To figure out the amount of energy required to get to orbit, I looked at specific orbital energy, but I think that a space elevator can cheat a bit on this: a rocket needs to get a payload into orbit; a space elevator cliber just needs to get a payload to the right height.
		Naively, the ribbon will bend “backwards” as this force is exerted…but this backwards bow would pull the counterweight down towards the Earth, and as the counterweight is experiencing more outward acceleration because of it’s constrained path than it is experiencing inward acceleration because of gravity, the counterweight will act to straighten the ribbon.
		The full form is PE = -G m1 m2 / r, which gives the wrong sign (because it’s setting 0 potential energy as infinitely far away, not infinitely close), but anyway, once you take the delta between two values, the sign is right.
	tjic.com /?p=4168 (964 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Apoapsis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The most common are perigee and apogee, referring to earth orbits, and perihelion and aphelion, referring to orbits around the sun.
		Note that for conversion from heights above the surface to distances, the radius of the central body has to be added, and conversely.
		, the speed corresponding to a kinetic energy which, at any position of the orbit, added to the existing kinetic energy, would allow the orbiting body to escape (the square root of the sum of the squares of the two speeds is the local escape velocity).
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Apoapsis (519 words)

	Falling Into Orbit
		The energy level of the photon is precise enough that we know the electron is interfering with not just its first future orbit, but with many future orbits.
		The chance of observing an electron orbiting an atom at energy levels different from the self-interfering energies is zero.
		There are many energy levels at which electromagnetic forces could curve an electron into a cyclical orbit, but only if the period of the orbit is a multiple of the period of the electron might the electron be observed.
	polyticks.com /psi/falling.htm (1092 words)

	Planetary orbit Summary
		Calculating these orbital elements requires a minimum of three measurements of the position of the object at different times.
		Once the orbital elements are known, other key parameters of the orbit can be computed, such as its period, and the closest and farthest the object is in its orbit (known respectively as periapsis and apoapsis).
		This nearly polar orbit is designed such that the spacecraft's orbital path moves at the same apparent rate as the Sun.
	www.bookrags.com /Planetary_orbit (4861 words)

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