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Topic: Spectacled Cormorant

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	Spectacled Guillemot
		Distribution: In Japan, spectacled guillemot breed on the Teuri Island, the Siretoko Peninsula, and the Shakotan Peninsula of Hokkaido.
		Spectacled guillemot is a kind of seabird a size larger than a dove.
		There used to live 3000 spectacled guillemot in 1963, but only about 400 were identified in 1972, and the number has been still decreasing since then.
	www.teuri.jp /E_keimahuri.htm (379 words)

	Digimorph - Phalacrocorax penicillatus (Brandt's cormorant)
		Cormorants, also known as shags, are common to coastlines around the world.
		The most recent examination of relationships within cormorants reconstructs Brandt’s cormorant as being closely related to Wahlberg’s cormorant from South Africa, the flightless cormorant of the Galapagos, the fl-faced cormorant of Australia, and the extinct spectacled cormorant from Bering Island (Siegel-Causey, 1988).
		Brandt’s cormorant is a strictly marine bird named for the 'painter’s brush' (pencillatus) of white hairs seen on its neck and back during breeding season.
	digimorph.org /specimens/Phalacrocorax_penicillatus (513 words)

	Recently Extinct Animals - Spectacled Cormorant - Phalacrocorax perspicillatus
		The Spectacled Cormorant was a large slow-moving and almost flightless fl bird.
		Spectacled Cormorant Phalacrocorax perspicillatus: a seabird now extinct.
		300 Pearls - Spectacled cormorant - A clumsy prey.
	home.conceptsfa.nl /~pmaas/rea/spectacledcormorant.htm (487 words)

	Phalacrocoracidae: Cormorants and Shags
		The names "cormorant" and "shag" were originally the common names of the two species of the family found in Great Britain, Phalacrocorax carbo (now referred to by ornithologists as the Great Cormorant) and P.
		After fishing, cormorants go ashore, and are frequently seen holding their wings out in the sun; it is assumed that this is to dry them.
		Cormorants are colonial nesters, using trees, rocky islets, or cliffs.
	www.avianweb.com /cormorants.html (977 words)

	ADW: Phalacrocoracidae: Information
		Cormorants and shags are distributed worldwide, with the largest diversity in tropical and temperate zones.
		Cormorants and shags have been considered closely related to other totipalmate birds (tropicbirds, frigatebirds, anhingas, gannets and boobies, pelicans), which when taken together, form Pelecaniformes.
		Morphological, ethological and molecular analyses suggest several hypotheses of sister group relationships: cormorants and shags as sister to anhingids forming a group sister to sulids; cormorants and shags as sister to a group comprising sulids and anhingids; cormorants and shags as sister to sulids forming a group sister to anhingids.
	animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu /site/accounts/information/Phalacrocoracidae.html (1264 words)

	Cormorant Summary
		The large cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo) is one of the most widespread of birds, occurring near rivers, lakes, cliffs, and seashores throughout Eurasia, as well as in eastern Canada and Iceland to the west, parts of Africa to the south, and Australia and New Zealand.
		The large cormorant and the slightly smaller Japanese cormorant (Phalacrocorax capillatus) are the two species that have been domesticated in eastern Asia for fishing, mainly in China, Vietnam, and Japan; the large shag was once used in France and England in the same way.
		In Guilin, China, cormorant birds are famous for fishing on the shallow Lijiang River.
	www.bookrags.com /Cormorant (1067 words)

	Cormorant
		All but three are in the genus Phalacrocorax, the exception being the Galapagos Flightless cormorant, the Kerguelen Shag and the Imperial Shag.
		When they are done fishing, cormorants go ashore to dry their wings by holding them out in the sun.
		Flightless Cormorant[?] (Nannopterum harrisi) (confined to the Galapagos Islands where, through evolution, its wings have shrunk to the size of a penguin's flippers)
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ph/Phalacrocoracidae.html (280 words)

	Japanese Cormorant
		In other areas, japanese cormorant is only seen in winter, however, some remain during the summer.
		On the Teuri Island, one can observe japanese cormorant throughout the year, however, during the severely cold season, the number of birds is extremely low.
		Most of japanese cormorant complete their breeding in July, and during this time, many young birds are seen leaving their nests along the shoreline.
	www.teuri.jp /E_umiu.htm (308 words)

	sociology - Cormorant
		The names "cormorant" and "shag" were originally those of the two species of the family found in Great Britain, Phalacracorax carbo (the Great Cormorant) and P.
		Cormorants and shags are medium-to-large seabirds, usually with mainly dark plumage and areas of coloured skin on the face which are bright blue, orange, red or yellow.
		In Guilin, China, cormorant birds are famous for fishing on the shallow Li River.
	www.aboutsociology.com /sociology/Cormorant (504 words)

	[No title]
		This species was first identified in 1741 by the naturalist George Steller, who traveled with the explorer Vitus Bering on his voyage of exploration and discovery of Alaska.
		Steller wrote, "They weighed 12-14 pounds, so that one single bird was sufficient for 3 starving men." Like other cormorants, the spectacled cormorant fed on fish.
		The population of spectacled cormorants declined quickly as whalers, fur traders and Aleut Natives (brought to Bering Island by the Russian-American Company) killed the birds for food and feathers.
	web.tiscali.it /sv2001/Fact-sheets/Phpers_fact.htm (288 words)

	Articles - Cormorant (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		In Guilin, China, cormorant birds are famous for fishing on the shallow Lijiang River.
		The names "cormorant" and "shag" were originally the common names of the two species of the family found in Great Britain, Phalacracorax carbo (now referred to by ornithologists as the Great Cormorant) and P.
		Some modern classifications of the family have divided it into two genera and have tried to attach the name "Cormorant" to one and "Shag" to the other, but this flies in the face of common usage and has not been widely adopted.
	www.bird-center.net /articles/Cormorant (674 words)

	Alaska Species Now Extinct, Division of Wildlife Conservation, Alaska Department of Fish and Game
		One such species is the spectacled cormorant (Phalacrocorax perspicillatus), a large, nearly flightless seabird that lived on a few remote islands at the western end of the Aleutian chain.
		These species' populations are declining as a result of pollution, deaths caused by the propellers of outboard motors, and habitat loss caused by human development.
		The fate of the spectacled cormorant and the Steller's sea cow illustrates the importance of the Endangered Species Act.
	www.wildlife.alaska.gov /index.cfm?adfg=endangered.extinct (737 words)

	Radio Archive: Extinct in Alaska
		The spectacled cormorant was a large, nearly flightless seabird.
		Like the cormorants of today, they probably spent their time swimming underwater in pursuit of food; coming to land only to dry their feathers and to nest.
		Later, as the islands were visited by whalers, fur traders and transplanted Aleut Natives, the spectacled cormorant was quickly wiped out for food and for their water resistant feathers.
	www.mapcruzin.com /arctic_refuge/extincra.html (591 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Spectacled Cormorant was a flightless bird that lived on remote islands in the North Pacific.
		When people discovered the islands in 1741, they soon found the birds were easy to hunt and good to eat.
		The numbers of Spectacled Cormorants soon began to fall, and by 1850 they were extinct.
	www.megacom.net /~arkones/yowie/yffb22.html (51 words)

	Seabirds in Hokkaido
		Estimating the spectacled guillemot population on Teuri involves observing the birds entering and leaving their nestholes during the breeding period and plotting this data on a map, so it is very labor intensive.
		It is believed that there were once about 3,000 spectacled guillemots living on Teuri Island, but in a 1999 survey, only about 50-60 breeding couples could be identified.
		The spectacled guillemot has a smaller global population distributed over a more narrowly confined breeding area than the common murre, so it is in even greater danger of extinction.
	www.seabird.go.jp /hokkaido_seabirds_e.html (841 words)

	Annotated List of the Seabirds of the World -- Spectacled Petrel
		Camphuysen C.J. and J. van der Meer (2000) Notes on the distribution of the Spectacled Petrel Procellaria conspicillata in the South Atlantic.
		Peter Ryan (1998) The taxonomic and conservation status of the Spectacled Petrel Spectacled Petrel, Procellaria conspicillata.
		Enticott, J. and O'Connell, M. The distribution of the spectacled form of the White-chinned Petrel (Procellaria aequinoctiallis conspicillata) in the South Atlantic Ocean.
	www.oceanwanderers.com /SpecPet.html (378 words)

	CalendarHome.com - - Calendar Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The remaining men settled in to survive the winter, the camp plagued by Arctic Foxes.
		During this time Steller wrote De Bestiis Marinis, describing the fauna of the island, including the Northern Fur Seal, the Sea Otter, Steller's (or Northern) Sea Lion, Steller's Sea Cow, Steller's Eider and Spectacled Cormorant.
		Both the Sea Cow and the Cormorant were later hunted to extinction.
	encyclopedia.calendarhome.com /cgi-bin/encyclopedia.pl?p=Georg_Steller (486 words)

	Our Beautiful World: The Spectacled Cormorant, Phalacrocorax perspicillatus
		The Spectacled cormorant (Phalacrocorax perspicillatus), a large, nearly flightless seabird lived
		Steller among them, began killing the slow-moving and unwary cormorants for food.
		of spectacled cormorants declined quickly as whalers, fur traders and Aleut Natives killed
	www.vulkaner.no /t/kamchat/spec-cormorant.html (247 words)

	Naturalis - Extinct bird: Phalacrocorax perspicillatus (Spectacled Cormorant)
		The Spectacled Cormorant has been described as "large, stupid, clumsy and almost flightless".
		This large cormorant was discovered in 1741 by the German naturalist Georg Wilhelm Steller.
		The species was intensively hunted by Russian fur hunters and in 1768, only 27 years after its discovery, it had become extinct.
	ip30.eti.uva.nl /naturalis/detail?lang=uk&id=61 (360 words)

	B-Mail(sm): BIRDCHAT for Mon, 6 Feb 2006
		Barry Barry Kent MacKay Markham, Ontario, Canada www.metalorchids.com P.S. Yes, the Flightless Cormorant of the Galapagos is a very real species, but there was once another species of cormorant that was flightless, the Spectacled Cormorant (Phalacrocorax perspicillatus) discovered on a genuine, classic 18th century voyage of discovery, under the command of Vitus Bering, of Denmark.
		The cormorants were large, too, weighing in between 5 and 7 kilos (about 12 to 14 pounds) with enough meat to feed three hungry men (I doubt anyone not hungry would eat cormorant meat).
		Although legally protected, the depredations of the fishery industry, essentially messing up the marine ecology by removing, both legally and illegally, such a huge biomass, are probably the greatest threat (although one dreads to think what a volcanic eruption in the wrong place might do...these birds live on lava shorelines).
	www.virtualbirder.com /bmail/birdchat/200602/06 (3894 words)

	Komandorsky Zapovednik
		The sea cow, a large northern manatee weighing up to 8,800 pounds, was quickly hunted to extinction by seal hunters, within less than 3 decades of Europeans’ arrival on the islands.
		The spectacled cormorant, a large, nearly flightless seabird, was also easy prey for hunters, and disappeared by the mid 1850’s.
		Uncontrolled and unsustainable harvest of northern fur seals through the nineteenth and early part of the twentieth centuries led to the destruction of several rookeries (of which only one was restored, although others have since appeared).
	www.wild-russia.org /bioregion14/14-komandorsky/14_komandorsky.htm (3835 words)

	Birds: Phalacrocoracidae
		Phalacrocorax melanoleucos (Vieillot, 1817) - Little Pied Cormorant
		Phalacrocorax perspicillatus Pallas, 1811 - Spectacled Cormorant †
		Phalacrocorax nigrogularis Ogilvie-Grant and Forbes, H. O., 1899 - Socotra Cormorant
	www.phthiraptera.org /Birds/Phalacrocoracidae.html (101 words)

	In my last essay on Hawaiian seabirds, I did not include our brief encounter with its s
		The great auk, a penguin-like seabird, lived around the northern arc of the Atlantic, but because it was tasty, rich in oil and laid nutrient-laden eggs, it was plundered, the last pair bopped on the head by a “harvester” in 1844.
		(Some say in 1850 a single individual was seen swimming in the North Atlantic.) The Pallas’; or Steller’s spectacled cormorant from the North Pacific was hunted to oblivion by the Aleuts.
		Perhaps the most heart-rending loss was that of the Stephens Island (New Zealand) wren, the only species we know of that was wiped out by one individual – the lighthouse keeper’s cat, Tibbles.
	www.k-state.edu /audubon/druclarke.htm (636 words)

	California Academy of Sciences - Science Under Sail (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Spectacled Cormorant (Phalacrocorax perspicillatus), was a large, nearly flightless seabird that lived on a few remote islands at the western end of the Aleutian chain.
		Steller wrote, "They weighed 12-14 pounds, so that one single bird was sufficient for three starving men."
		Note the diagonal fl bar that crosses its cheek continues through the eye in its knobby, ridged head.
	www.calacademy.org /exhibits/science_Under_sail/biodiversity.html (1858 words)

	2006 An Environmental Crossroads
		Protection under the Endangered Species Act has helped some species, such as the Aleutian Canada goose, rebound.
		But other species, such as the spectacled cormorant, have been hunted to extinction.
		Larry Crowder is an expert on marine ecology, depletion of marine species due to overfishing and fisheries bycatch, and the use of technology to track and monitor marine wildlife, including sea turtles and marine mammals.
	www.nicholas.duke.edu /crossroads/ak-species.html (714 words)

	Mourne Game and Wildfowl Conservation Association
		Today there are only forty-two stuffed speci-mens in museum collections and not one egg survived.
		Several other birds have become extinct, in-cluding the spectacled cormorant, which at one time nested in large numbers in the Komandor-ski Islands, and many other species have sur-vived only thanks to timely protective mea-sures.
		In the first half of the twentieth century the number of guillemots in Labrador, on the coasts of Norway, Sweden, Iceland, Greenland and other pieces declined alarmingly.
	www.wildfowling.com /mournewa/whydoweprotectbirds.htm (3495 words)

	STELLER'S ISLAND: Adventures of a Pioneer Naturalist in Alaska
		In the one day Bering permitted him to explore Kayak Island along the southern Alaskan coast, he catalogued more than one hundred previously unknown plants.
		He was the only European naturalist to see the spectacled cormorant alive and his is our one and only account of the now extinct Steller's sea cow.
		In accounts of the Chugach and Aleut people, Steller was the first scientist to hypothesize an Asian origin for Native Americans.
	www.mountaineersbooks.org /productdetails.cfm?SKU=0577 (510 words)

	KIDCYBER TOPICS
		There are many fish found in Antarctic waters, such as Antarctic cod, ice fish, crocodile fish, dragon fish, robber fish, rat-tailed fish, hagfish, and skates.
		Leopard seal, Weddell seal, Crabeater seal, Ross seal, and Fur seal.Whales include the Blue whale, Fin whale, Sei whale, Southern right whale, Humpback whale, Minke whale, Sperm whale, Killer whale or Orca, Southern bottlenose whale, Blackfish, Dusky dolphin, Cruciger dolphin, and Spectacled porpoise.
		cormorant, Kerguelen cormorant, Dominican gull, Brown skua, McCormick's skua, Arctic tern, Kerguelen tern, Wattled sheathbill, Lesser sheathbill, South Georgia pintail, Kerguelen pintail, and South Georgia pipit (the only Antarctic songbird).
	www.kidcyber.com.au /topics/Antarcanimals.htm (424 words)

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