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Topic: Spectral Band Replication

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	Coding Technologies \| products and technologies \|\| SBR explained
		SBR (Spectral Band Replication) is a new audio coding enhancement tool, which is standardized in ISO/IEC 14496-3:2001/Amd.1:2003.
		Instead of transmitting the spectrum, SBR reconstructs the higher frequencies in the decoder based on an analysis of the lower frequencies transmitted in the underlying coder.
		SBR offers maximum efficiency in the bitrate range where the underlying codec itself is able to encode audio signals with an acceptable level of coding artifacts at a limited audio bandwidth.
	www.codingtechnologies.com /products/sbr.htm (871 words)

	AudioCoding.com - Knowledge Base (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The spectral envelopes of the original high frequency signal are estimated over the time- and frequency region set by the time/frequency grid.
		SBR is based on replication of the sequences of harmonics, previously truncated in order to reduce data rate.
		The highest-frequency band is then removed before the remaining main band of the audio signal is passed to the AAC coder, which codes it in the conventional way.
	www.audiocoding.com /modules/wiki/index.php?page=SBR (1742 words)

	WEHI - Education - WEHI-TV - DNA - Replication
		This animation is of a DNA replication fork and the molecular machinery that drives this process.
		This animation was built as a "hybrid" of prokaryote and eukaryote replication proteins and dynamics.
		The speed of replication in this animation is based on a eukaryote system (20-50 bases/second with Okazaki fragments100-150 bases long).
	www.wehi.edu.au /education/wehi-tv/dna/replication.html (454 words)

	Spectral band replication - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Spectral band replication (SBR) is a technology to enhance audio or speech codecs, especially at low bit rates.
		It can be combined with any audio compression codec: the codec itself transmits the lower frequencies of the spectrum, while SBR synthesizes associated higher frequency content based on the lower frequencies and transmitted side information.
		When applicable, it involves reconstruction of a noise-like frequency spectrum by employing a noise generator with some statistical information (level, distribution, ranges), so the decoding result is not deterministic among multiple decoding processes of the same encoded data.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Spectral_Band_Replication (226 words)

	Spectral Band Replication (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Thus, the SBR principle stipulates that the missing high frequency region of a low pass filtered signal can be recovered based on the existing low pass signal and a small amount of control data.
		In the SBR encoder, where the wide band signal is available, control parameters are estimated in order to ensure that the high frequency reconstruction results in a reconstructed highband that is perceptually as similar as possible to the original highband.
		The spectral envelope information has varying time and frequency resolution to be able to control the SBR process as good as possible, with as little bitrate overhead as possible.
	www.chiariglione.org /mpeg/tutorials/technologies/mp04-sbr (810 words)

	Special Report: Innovation and inertia
		Spectral Band Replication (SBR) is a "bandwidth expansion" approach invented by Coding Technologies, which has emerged as one of the important contributors to the field of audio coding.
		SBR addresses a typical drawback of transform coding; that is, the bandwidth of the reproduced audio signal generally must decline as bit rate is reduced.
		SBR is seen to be capable of high-quality stereo at bit rates as low as 48Kbps.
	www.eetasia.com /ARTICLES/2005SEP/C/2005SEP_SPE2.HTM (3312 words)

	Events of the AES: AES 112th Convention: Session J: LOW BIT RATE AUDIO CODING - PART 1
		Spectral Band Replication (SBR) is a novel technology which significantly improves the compression efficiency of perceptual audio codecs.
		SBR reconstructs the high frequency components of an audio signal on the receiver side.
		Using SBR as key technology avoids the usual band width limitation for low bit rate coding, which can be observed with traditional audio codecs like MP3.
	www.aes.org /events/112/papers/j.cfm (1044 words)

	Wireless Developer Network
		SBR is a unique bandwidth extension tech-nique, which enables audio codecs to deliver the same quality at half the bit rate.
		SBR (Spectral Band Replication) from Coding Technologies is a back-ward and forward compatible method to enhance the efficiency of any audio codec; putting the "PRO" in mp3PRO and the "Plus" in aacPlus.
		SBR is a fundamental en-abler of the Digital Radio Mondiale open standard and is a core component of MPEG-4 High Efficiency AAC.
	www.wirelessdevnet.com /news/2003/nov/20/news5.html (781 words)

	EETimes.com - Codec designs fine-tuned with spectral band replication
		The required input data for the SBR algorithm are the decoded audio signal at half the original sample rate and the SBR helper information which needs to be extracted from the bit stream.
		The SBR component of an mp3PRO or CT-aacPlus decoder contains an analysis and a synthesis QMF filter bank--the high frequency reconstruction is done in the frequency domain — plus a number of processing blocks that aim to adjust the reconstructed high frequency components to match those of the original audio signal.
		Since the MP3 decoder part and the SBR part are processed sequentially, the re-use of certain memory areas such as the output buffer of the mp3 decoder is possible.
	www.eetimes.com /in_focus/mixed_signals/OEG20020621S0076 (1392 words)

	Orban Streaming Products ~ Opticodec-PC 1020 Technology
		SBR is a unique bandwidth extension technique that enables audio codecs to deliver the same quality at half the bit rate.
		SBR and PS are forward and backward compatible methods to enhance the efficiency of any audio codec.
		As a result, the output of the decoder is bandwidth limited, as the decoder is not able to reconstruct the high frequency range represented in the SBR data portion of the bit stream.
	www.orban.com /products/codec/software/opticodec-pc1020/technology (1774 words)

	OSXFAQ - Technical News and Support for Mac OS X
		SBR is a backward and forward compatible method to enhance the efficiency of any audio codec.
		SBR(tm) (Spectral Band Replication) from Coding Technologies is a backward and forward compatible method to enhance the efficiency of any audio codec; putting the "PRO" in mp3PRO and the "Plus" in aacPlus.
		SBR is a fundamental enabler of the Digital Radio Mondiale open standard and is on track to become a core component of MPEG-4 Audio.
	www.osxfaq.com /Press/03-18-03/aac-03-18-03.ws (557 words)

	Orban Products Codec ~ Opticodec-PC 1010 Technology
		SBR can increase the limited audio bandwidth that a conventional perceptual codec offers at low bitrates so that it equals or exceeds analog FM audio bandwidth (15 kHz).
		SBR is mainly a post-process, although the encoder performs some pre-processing to guide the decoding process.
		From a technical point of view, SBR is a method for highly efficient coding of high frequencies in audio compression algorithms.
	www.orban.com /products/codec/software/opticodec-pc1010/technology (997 words)

	MP3' Tech - Mp3Pro/SBR (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The advantage is that SBR only uses a small fraction of the bitrate in the encoded file.
		SBR does not really encode the highest part of the frequency spectrum; it reconstructs this part.
		The SBR technique will use this part of the decoded signal to reconstruct the missing high frequency part, from 8kHz up to 16kHz, by duplicating the spectrum.
	www.mp3-tech.org /sbr.html (442 words)

	Digital Radio Express, Inc.
		MPEG-4 aacPlus is the combination of three MPEG technologies comprising Advanced Audio Coding (AAC), coupled with Coding Technologies' Spectral Band Replication (SBR), and Parametric Stereo (PS) technologies.
		SBR is a unique bandwidth extension technique which enables audio codecs to deliver the same quality at half the bit rate.
		SBR and PS are both forward and backward compatible methods to enhance the efficiency of any audio codec.
	www.dreinc.com /products/aacplus.html (134 words)

	aacPlus Definition
		aacPlus Version 1 uses Spectral Band Replication (SBR), a proprietary Coding Technologies' technique that halves the sampling rate, but encodes the missing higher frequencies at a rate of 1.5 Kbps and stores them in the auxiliary data fields of the MPEG format.
		SBR is also used in the mp3PRO format (see mp3PRO).
		SBR encodes the high frequencies and stores them in the auxiliary data fields.
	www.pcmag.com /encyclopedia_term/0,2542,t=aacPlus&i=37313,00.asp (766 words)

	Frequency Finder UK - Proposals for improving DAB sound quality
		More spectrum in the current DAB band is likely to be introduced over the next few years.
		Spectral band replication (SBR) is a technique developed by Coding Technologies.
		Using this technique, the lower part of the audio spectrum is transmitted by conventional means, whilst the SBR decoder reconstructs the higher frequencies based on an analysis of the lower frequencies, guided by a very low data rate bit stream.
	mysite.wanadoo-members.co.uk /freq_find/DAB_improve.html (1601 words)

	Press Release (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		MPEG-4 aacPlus is AAC coupled with Coding Technologies Spectral Band Replication (SBR) and Parametric Stereo technologies.
		Both SBR and Parametric Stereo are backward and forward compatible methods to enhance the efficiency of any audio codec.
		SBR™ (Spectral Band Replication) from Coding Technologies is a backward and forward compatible method to enhance the efficiency of any audio codec; putting the "PRO" in mp3PRO and the "Plus" in aacPlus.
	www.isma.tv /news_events/releases/coding040707.html (550 words)

	Spectral Band Replication for Ogg Vorbis - Hydrogenaudio Forums
		Spectral Band Replication for Ogg Vorbis, Is there a chance to implement it
		Spectral Band Replication is a bandwidth extension which greatly improves efficiency in AAC today, I was wondering whether it is possible to implement an opensource SBR for Ogg Vorbis.
		The algorithm seems fairly straightforward to me, I am still trying to understand exactly what it does, but the basic jist of it is that is redistributes the noise energy in specific frequency band that has the lowest SNR.
	www.hydrogenaudio.org /forums/index.php?showtopic=43277 (714 words)

	AacPlus - MediaCoderWiki
		It is based on MPEG-4, and combines three techniques: Advanced Audio Coding (AAC), Spectral Band Replication (SBR), and Parametric Stereo (PS).
		The audio signal is first split into 4 bands using a 4 band polyphase quadrature filter bank.
		Then these 4 bands are further split using MDCTs with a size k of 32 or 256 samples.
	mediacoder.sourceforge.net /wiki/index.php?title=AacPlus&redirect=no (760 words)

	Coding Technologies, Matsushita Electric (Panasonic) and NEC partner to bring MPEG-4 aacPlus to more mobile and ...
		Requiring 40% less processing power, this low-power SBR decoding method is officially recognized by MPEG and is bitstream compliant with the MPEG-4 aacPlus standard.
		This low-power SBR standard paves the way for these markets such as network audio distribution, digital broadcasting services, and silicon players.
		SBR is a backward and forward compatible method to enhance the efficiency of any audio codec; putting the "PRO" in mp3PRO and the "Plus" in aacPlus.
	www.us.design-reuse.com /news/news4510.html (972 words)

	mp3PROzone \| basics technology
		SBR is a very efficient method to generate the high frequency components of an audio signal.
		Combining mp3 with the SBR enhancement technology generates an audio signal with high bandwidth at low bit rates.
		Since the "PRO" part requires only a few kbps, the format could be done in a way that it is still compatible with the original mp3 format.
	mp3prozone.com /basics.htm (581 words)

	iApplianceWeb-iApplianceReview (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		SBR is a bandwidth extension that allows audio codecs to deliver the same quality audio at half the bit rate of traditional codecs.
		Requiring 40% less processing power than existing methods, the low-power SBR decoding technique is now recognized by MPEG and is bitstream compliant with the MPEG-4 aacPlus standard.
		Coding Technologies is the licensing agent for low-power SBR in aacPlus, creating a one-stop-shop for SBR patents and software in MPEG-4.
	www.iapplianceweb.com /story/OEG20021219S0048.htm (315 words)

	STMicroelectronics - Audio Decoders
		Through its partnerships with leading audio companies, ST maintains a continually updated library of software for this platform.
		To improve the sound quality of MP3 at lower bit rates, Coding Technologies has developed an enhancement technology called "spectral band replication" (SBR), that enhances the high frequency components of the audio track.
		Combining MP3 with SBR generates an audio signal with high bandwidth at low bit rates resulting in mp3PRO audio format.
	www.st.com /stonline/products/families/audio/audiodecoders/audiodecoders.htm (207 words)

	MediaCoder Audio Video Glossary
		Parametric Stereo is a feature used in Advanced Audio Coding to further enhance efficiency in low bandwidth stereo media.
		It is part of the aacPlus v2, along with Spectral Band Replication.
		Parametric Stereo works by taking the two mono streams that make up a stereo stream and combining them together to form a new single mono audio stream.
	mediacoder.sourceforge.net /glossary/ps.htm (227 words)

	Radio World NewsBytes
		Martin Dietz, president and CEO, Coding Technologies said in the announcement, "It was a challenging task to modify both encoder and receiver implementations in time for Ibiquity's launch, and we made it.
		Naresh Coppisetti, digital radio business manager at Texas Instruments, stated, "The HDC codec is functioning on TI's DRI200 digital baseband using TI's software radio platform." This, he said, will allow receiver makers to attain their product launch schedules.
		Coding Technologies says its Spectral Band Replication technology is part of the Digital Radio Mondiale open standard and a core object type of MPEG-4 Audio.
	www.rwonline.com /dailynews/one.php?id=3748 (606 words)

	ag-ip-news.com (Intellectual Property News Agency)AGIPNEWS1758
		SAN FRANSISCO - Via Licensing Corporation announced on Thursday a call for patents that are essential to the practice of the MPEG standard audio bandwidth extension technology known as Spectral Band Replication (SBR).
		According to a press release by the company, Via Licensing wishes to facilitate the orderly adoption of SBR in conjunction with MPEG-2 AAC for applications such as the Japanese digital broadcast market where this combination of technologies is desired.
		Were it not for the availability of such joint licenses, the process of providing and obtaining licenses to essential patents would be relatively more cumbersome and expensive for all parties.
	www.ag-ip-news.com /getArticle.asp?Art_ID=1758 (305 words)

	CDFreaks.com \| news\| o2 selects mpeg 4 aacplus from coding technologies for mobile music service (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		O2's use of aacPlus follows the recent announcement from SK Telecom that it will use the standard in its forthcoming 3G service content offerings.
		Coding Technologies' SBR unfurls its enabling performance also in digital radio broadcasting services such as Digital Radio Mondiale, XM Satellite Radio and iBiquity Digital's HD Radio.
		SBR is a fundamental enabler of the Digital Radio Mondiale open standard and is a core component of MPEG-4 High Efficiency AAC.
	www.cdfreaks.com /news/8506 (1246 words)

	Coding Technologies aacPlus codec software
		Already standardized by MPEG, 3GPP and DVB (Digital Video Broadcasting) as the codec for high quality content delivery, aacPlus v2 is AAC coupled with Coding Technologies’ SBR (Spectral Band Replication) and Parametric Stereo technologies.
		By using a unique bandwidth extension technique, SBR enables audio codecs to deliver the same quality at half the bit rate.
		The aacPlus v2 codec is a full superset of aacPlus v1 (includes support for SBR) and AAC-LC.
	www.tensilica.com /partners/app_sw_coding.htm (360 words)

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