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Topic: Spectral analysis

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	Currie Lab - Aquatic Ecology - Spectral Analysis
		Spectral analysis has been an important tool in the investigation of marine patchiness since the 1970's.
		Fasham, MJR (1978) The statistical and mathematical analysis of plankton patchiness.
		Mackas DL, Boyd CM (1979) Spectral analysis of zooplankton spatial heterogeneity.
	www.biosci.ohiou.edu /faculty/currie/ocean/spectralanalysis.htm (383 words)

	Spectral theorem - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In broad terms the spectral theorem provides conditions under which an operator or a matrix can be diagonalized (that is, represented as a diagonal matrix in some basis).
		In general, the spectral theorem identifies a class of linear operators that can be modelled by multiplication operators, which are as simple as one can hope to find.
		In Hilbert spaces in general, the statement of the spectral theorem for compact self-adjoint operators is virtually the same as in the finite-dimensional case.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Spectral_theorem (1391 words)

	Spectral Analysis
		A spectral analysis of this time domain residual is done by first windowing it, window which is independent of the one used to find sinusoids, and thus we are free to choose a different time-frequency compromise.
		From the spectral representation of a note we first detect the relevant inflexion points for the attack, steady state and release, by studying the amplitude and frequency changes in time.
		Then the general spectral shape of the steady state of the note is approximated with an envelope and extracted from the whole note.
	www.iua.upf.es /~xserra/articles/spectral-models/section4.html (857 words)

	Dye Analysis Methods
		The spectral curve of a mixture could be very confusing as the lower part of the curve in both Cochineal and Lac is very similar.
		When we imagine a spectral curve for a mixture of Lack and Cochineal and the mixture has different amounts of Lac and Cochineal in the sample because yarn extractions are never the same ration of dyes in a mixture.
		Statistical dye component analysis is achieved by using each peak area of all the dye components to calculate the total percentage of dyes found and then the total divided into each peak area to give the percentage of each dye and dye component present.
	www.material-insight.com /DyeAnalysisMethods.htm (1130 words)

	Spectral Analysis - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Spectral Analysis - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Spectral Analysis, investigation of the distribution of energy emitted by a radiant source, such as visible light, arranged in order of wavelengths....
		Spectral Line, isolated bright or dark line in spectrum produced by emission or absorption of light of a single wavelength.
	encarta.msn.com /Spectral_Analysis.html (142 words)

	Spectral Mixture Analysis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Spectral mixture analysis has as an objective the definition of subpixel proportions of spectral endmembers which may be related to mappable surface constituents.
		Spectral mixture analysis 'unmixes' the mixed pixel determining the fractions of each spectral endmember which combine to produce the mixed pixel's spectral signature.
		N is the number of spectral endmembers and Ec is the error in AVIRIS band c for the fit of the N endmembers.
	www.crseo.ucsb.edu /hydro/aviris/scaexp.html (287 words)

	Notes on spectral analysis: Jason Antenucci
		This is the continuous representation of the power spectral density, and gives an estimate of the "power" in the signal y(t) at a particular frequency f.
		Analysis of the power spectral density G(f) allows us to investigate the dominant frequencies in a signal, as it is the dominant frequencies that are likely to be important to the physical process.
		As the bandwidth increases, more spectral ordinates are averaged, and hence the resulting estimator becomes smoother, more stable and has smaller variance.
	www.cwr.uwa.edu.au /~antenucc/spectral_analysis/spectral_analysis.html (2236 words)

	Low Variance Spectral Analysis
		Although the power of the input data is preserved regardless of segment length, overlap, and data windowing, the amplitudes are reduced as a consequence of the smearing introduced by the data tapering window, and the SD values also reflect this effect.
		A cs4 window has a one-sided spectral width of 4 frequency bins as compared to 2 for a cs2 window and 3 for a cs3 window.
		The advantages in multitaper analysis are that no Fourier resolution is sacrificed and there is no loss of information at the extremes of the data.
	www.clecom.co.uk /science/autosignal/tutorial/Low_Variance_Spectral_Analy.htm (2733 words)

	Spectral Analysis - What Do Spectra Tell Us? - Introduction
		She later turned to studies of variable stars, and coined the term 'cataclysmic variables'.) In this work, she utilized many excellent spectra taken by Harvard observers, measured the intensities of 134 different lines from 18 different elements.
		She applied the up-to-date theory of spectral line formation, and found that the chemical compositions of stars were probably all similar, the temperature being the important factor in creating their diverse appearances.
		She was then able to estimate the abundances of 17 of the elements relative to the 18th, silicon.
	imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov /docs/science/how_l1/spectral_what.html (1056 words)

	Spectral Analysis
		When the "Shake It" button is pressed, the "Spectral Analysis Results" dialog is called, and the analysis process starts.
		The lower progress bar shows progress of the whole analysis, while the upper one shows the state of the current batch.
		For nonlinear analysis, the program currently allows the specification of two parametric variables: Period/Frequency and Strength/Ductility allowing both "Constant Strength" and "Constant Ductility" spectral computations.
	www.ce.berkeley.edu /~hachem/SpectralAnalysis.htm (416 words)

	Multi-Taper Spectral Analysis Methods
		Multi-taper analysis provides a simple algorithmic approach to this problem and a simple method of determining where spectral peaks are both significant and contain signal power is suggested.
		Analysis of a $\approx$ 3 million year sediment core reveals significant periodic components at known astronomical forcing periodicities and a significant quasiperiodic 100 year peak.
		Analysis of a roughly 1500 year tree-ring reconstruction of Scandinavian summer temperatures suggests significant quasiperiodic signals on a near-century timescale, an interdecadal 16-18 year timescale, within the interannual El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) band, and on a quasibiennial timescale.
	www.unc.edu /~leesj/mtm/index.html (641 words)

	3.1 Fourier Analysis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		These equations are at the heart of spectral analysis and they are so tightly connected that they are usually called the Fourier transform pair.
		It is customary to use a lower case symbol for the time (or space) domain function and an upper case symbol for the corresponding function of frequency.
		So Fourier analysis expressed by the Fourier transform is simply the decomposition of a signal into its composite frequency (sine and cosine) components.
	www-rohan.sdsu.edu /~jiracek/digital/spectralanalysis (796 words)

	Spectral Analysis and Frequency Estimation
		The multiwindow approach is a meaningful framework for nonparametric spectral estimation.
		Classical high resolution (HR) spectral analysis methods for the estimation of complex sinusoids parameters require the a priori knowledge of the number of sinusoids.
		Its novelty stems from the fact that the analysis of complex sinusoids is considered as a joint "detection-estimation" issue.
	www.ece.umassd.edu /Faculty/acosta/ICASSP/Icassp_1997/html/ic97s512.htm (1624 words)

	Amazon.com: Spectral Analysis and Time Series, Two-Volume Set, Volume 1-2: Volumes I and II (Probability and ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Subjects covered include: spectral analysis which is closely intertwined with the "time domain" approach, elementary notions of Hilbert Space Theory, basic probability theory, and practical analysis of time series data.
		Electric signals, stress and vibration records, seismographic traces and economic index stress all exhibit irregular patterns of vibration over time, and one of the main objectives of time series analysis is to describe the statistical properties of these irregularities by means of mathematical models.
		It should not be used for learning spectral analysis but rather as a reference book.
	www.amazon.com /Spectral-Analysis-Time-Two-Set/dp/0125649223 (2082 words)

	Spectral Analysis
		The method of analysis was developed by Fourier in 1807 and is called Fourier Analysis.
		However, if we disregard phase, these waveforms may also be represented on a spectral plot as long as we remember that the components are not necessarily whole number multiples of the fundamental frequency and therefore do not qualify as harmonics.
		We should not say that a non-harmonic waveform is not pitched, but it is true that the worse the spectral plot fits the harmonic model the more difficult it is to perceive pitch in a sound.
	arts.ucsc.edu /EMS/Music/tech_background/TE-04/teces_04.html (1207 words)

	ASU Spectral Library (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Descriptions of the processes of sample preparation, spectral analysis, and quality determination are provided below.
		The particulate samples were heated in an oven to 80°C to improve the signal to noise ratio during spectral analysis (this temperature is maintained during analysis by placement of the sample cup on a heater element).
		The spectral calibration method is a variation of method 1 of Christensen and Harrison [1993] as described in detail by Ruff et al., [1997].
	tes.asu.edu /speclib (1033 words)

	Spectral Analysis of a CW keying pulse
		The main result is that the spectrum for many keying shapes is given by the product of the spectrum of a square pulse times the spectrum of the slope of the rise and fall behavior of the pulse.
		Since the rise time dominates the bandwidth for the usual CW signal, the analysis shows that to get a nearly optimal bandwidth to rise time, the keying pulse shape should have a gaussian slope.
		The analysis can be easily generalized to an arbitrary sequence of pulses.
	fermi.la.asu.edu /w9cf/articles/click/index.html (1309 words)

	Spectral analysis of heart rate and blood pressure variability in primary Sjogren's syndrome -- Barendregt et al. 61 ...
		Spectral analysis of HR variability is a sensitive, non-invasive
		Spectral analysis of heart rate variability in the assessment of autonomic diabetic neuropathy.
		Spectral analysis of hemodynamics during infusions of epinephrine and norepinephrine in men.
	ard.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/61/3/232 (3047 words)

	8. SPECTRAL ANALYSIS
		A key concept when dealing with spectral files is the difference between binning and grouping, both of which relate to the combining of spectral channels.
		The effect of grouping the spectral file, therefore, is the same as binning the spectral file, background file and response.
		The value of the latter keyword is set in every spectral file when it is created (whether from a source or background region) to be proportional to the geometrical detector area of the extraction region (see §8.2.1 for precise definition).
	heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov /docs/asca/abc/node9.html (5438 words)

	Spectral Data For Chemical Analysis
		Integrated spectral data base system for organic compounds sponsored by the National Institute of Materials and Chemical Research in Japan (NMR and MS).
		Spectral Atlas of Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds, W. Karcher, et.al., eds., 1985.
		A bibliography of references to scientific literature containing spectral data in the UV to Visible range.
	www.gwu.edu /gelman/guides/sciences/spectraldata.html (960 words)

	LabVIEW Analysis, Digital Signal Processing - Analysis - National Instruments
		Such analysis can reveal information that isn’t immediately apparent through an examination of the time-domain representation of the signal.
		Spectral analysis often starts with the application of a smoothing window to reduce spectral leakage.
		Spectral leakage is an unavoidable consequence of working with a discrete (sampled) dataset.
	www.ni.com /analysis/lvtools_analysis.htm?s_kwcid=ContentNetwork\|518958126 (531 words)

	LabVIEW add-on: Advanced Signal Processing - Analysis Applications - National Instruments
		However, in many cases the data set is limited because of a genuine lack of data, or because you need to ensure that the spectral characteristics of the signal do not change over the duration of the data record.
		Super-resolution spectral analysis can be used in diverse applications including biomedical research, economics, geophysics, noise, vibration and speech analysis.
		You can use the spectral analysis stand-alone application to test the different algorithms for model-based analysis.
	www.ni.com /analysis/srspectral_analysis.htm (318 words)

	3D Spectral Analysis
		But this analysis is typically faster than the 3D data acquisition or the manual analysis of such data.
		The spectral analysis takes about 3 hours on a 700 MHz Notebook PC and the experimental, simulated, and residual spectra are shown below.
		All spectral signals not shown in the residual spectrum were properly characterized and reported.
	www.sciencesoft.net /3DAnalysis.html (1221 words)

	Spectral Analysis Bibliography
		These are combined with section-averaging spectral techniques to obtain robust estimates of power spectra, coherences, and transfer functions in an automatic, data-adaptive fashion.
		This method differs from conventional approaches to time series analysis in that a set of data tapers is applied to the data in the time domain before Fourier transforming.
		Analysis of the thickness variations of bristlecone pine growth rings shows a general absence of direct periodic components but a variation in the structure of the time series with a 2360-year period." } @article{thomson.d:1990b, Author = "Thomson, David J.", Title = "Quadratic-inverse spectrum estimates: applications to palaeoclimatology", Journal = "Phil.
	www-ocean.tamu.edu /~baum/records/timeseries.html (3074 words)

	ATI Modern Spectral Analysis course
		Spectral Estimation is at the heart of almost all modern-day signal processing systems.
		With the advent of high speed digital computing it is now possible to implement in practice more modern approaches to spectral estimation.
		Attendees are encouraged to bring their own laptop PCs to perform the lab experiments or to analyze their own data sets.
	www.aticourses.com /modern_spectral_analysis.htm (332 words)

	Spectral Analysis of Data - Azar, Fiat, Karlin, McSherry, Saia (ResearchIndex)
		Spectral Analysis of Data - Azar, Fiat, Karlin, McSherry, Saia (ResearchIndex)
		Abstract: Experimental evidence suggests that spectral techniques are valuable for a wide range of applications.
		A partial list of such applications include (i) semantic analysis of documents used to cluster documents into areas of interest, (ii) collaborative ltering
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /azar01spectral.html (542 words)

	Spectral Dynamics Home Page
		Spectral Dynamics, Inc. is a leading worldwide supplier of systems and software for vibration testing, structural dynamics, and acoustic analysis.
		Spectral Dynamics' products are used for design verification, product testing and process improvement by manufacturers of all types of electronic and mechanical products.
		Spectral Dynamics, Inc. 2730 Orchard Parkway, San Jose CA 95134-2012, tel: 408-678-3500, fax: 408-678-3580
	www.spectraldynamics.com (65 words)

	SULAIR: Swain Library: Subject Guides: Spectral Information
		Spectral resources related to polymers are available on the Polymer Chemistry Resources page.
		Consult print and online spectral resources by the type of spectra needed or consult the KnowItAll Analytical System from Bio-Rad (a searchable database containing over 800,000 spectral diagrams).
		They note if/what type of spectral data is included in a journal article or reference book.
	www-sul.stanford.edu /depts/swain/help/subjectguides/spectral.html (3420 words)

	NASA IS/IDU Task: Spectral Analysis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Making the SAA infrastructure usable by scientists will include evaluation with NEAR spectral data; development of alternative filtering and evaluation algorithms; goal-driven clustering of spectral analysis data images; and dynamic goal definition.
		SAA will be a multi-agent system for automated filtering of spectral data based on human guidance, and for the selection, packaging, and transmission of selected spectral data to earth for further processing.
		Spectral analysis automation provides a data analysis tool for scientists and can reduce data download requirements and the need for data processing on earth.
	is.arc.nasa.gov /IDU/tasks/SAA.html (334 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		In such cases, it is common to perform a spectral analysis of the time waveform.
		This figure shows the spectral representation of a single sinusoid.
		This figure shows the spectral representation of a sinusoid of different amplitude, frequency, and phase.
	www.comdis.wisc.edu /vcd202/specanal.html (158 words)

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