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Topic: Spectrogram

Related Topics

Frequency domain

Frequency spectrum

Power spectrum

Digital signal processing

Deconvolution

Time domain

Very low frequency

Signal processing

Vocoder

Convolution theorem

Window function

Power spectral density

Fast Fourier transform

Formant

Twenty second pulse

	Spectrogram - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Spectrograms are used to identify phonetic sounds, to analyse the cries of animals, and in the fields of music, sonar/radar, speech processing, etc. A spectrogram can also be called a sonogram, voiceprint, or voicegram.
		Spectrograms are usually created in one of two ways; either with a series of bandpass filters, or calculated from the time signal using the short-time Fourier transform (STFT).
		On spectrograms of the records of Mike Oldfield's song, "Tubular Bells," are found signals from the Rugby VLF transmitter.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Spectrogram (725 words)

	Spectrogram
		A spectrogram is simply a plot of the frequency content of such an audio signal as a function of time.
		These spectrograms reveal the fascinating hidden frequency structure of audio signals and can be used for identifying or classifying particular sounds.
		Spectrogram uses a mathematical Fast Fourier Transform in performing the frequency analysis.
	www.scite.pro.br /tudo/exe.php?_spectrogram (199 words)

	Spectrogram Reading - What are spectrograms?
		Spectrograms are normally computed and kept in computer memory as a two-dimensional array of acoustic energy values.
		Spectrograms have traditionally been displayed in a gray-scale rendition, where the darkness of a given point is proportional to the energy at that time and frequency.
		In the spectrogram in Figure 1 we use shades of red to mean increasing energy along the frequency axis, blue to mean decreasing energy, and yellow and green to mean an energy maximum.
	cslu.cse.ogi.edu /tutordemos/SpectrogramReading/spectrogram.html (719 words)

	2 The Spectrogram as a Time-Frequency Representation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Figure 1: Spectrogram of an acoustic bass tone having a sharp pluck and a fundamental frequency of approximately 73.4 Hz.
		Figure 2: Spectrogram of an acoustic bass tone having a sharp pluck and a fundamental frequency of approximately 73.4 Hz.
		The spectrogram was computed using a 10 ms Kaiser window with a shaping parameter of 12.
	www.eecs.wsu.edu /~kfitz/reassignment/html/node2.html (1018 words)

	Spectrogram
		An alternative, commonly used display method is the spectrogram, in which the level of the signal at a given time and frequency is displayed as a (pseudo-) color or gray value in a 2D-diagram in which the horizontal axis represents time and the vertical axis frequency.
		The x-coordinate of the lower left corner of spectrogram should be set to the center of the first interval.
		If we let the spectrogram begin at 0 there will be a remarkable shift for large values of NFFT and the waveform signal and the spectrogram will no longer align.
	www.wilhelm-kurz-software.de /dynaplot/applicationnotes/spectrogram.htm (1468 words)

	Printing spectrograms
		They are drawn from a Spectrogram object in the Objects list into a predefined area in the Picture window, where drawings can be edited in various ways.
		A spectrogram is a greyscale image where all information is conveyed by fine gradation of shading.
		The second, creating a Spectrogram object directly in the Objects window, is quicker but you never see it during the process.
	www.ling.lu.se /persons/Sidney/praate/printspectgm.html (2405 words)

	Spectrogram
		As one works with spectrogram, especially the teacher using it to image their own voice, one begins to see visual evidence that clarifies acoustical/physiological concepts.
		Spectrogram should also be a significant part of the training of vocal pedagogy.
		Spectrogram is a primary feedback tool for use in the voice studio and in the practice room.
	www.users.drew.edu /~gnair/philosophy.htm (1009 words)

	Spectrograms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Spectrograms are a convenient way to diagram the changes in a sound's spectrum over time.
		Each thin vertical slice of the spectrogram shows the spectrum during a short period of time, using darkness to stand for amplitude.
		Spectrograms let us look at, for example, the changing formants in a diphthong.
	www.umanitoba.ca /faculties/arts/linguistics/russell/138/sec4/specgram.htm (169 words)

	Swamp Optics--Ultrashort Laser Pulse Measurement Tutorials
		Figure 2 is a graphical depiction of the spectrogram, showing a linearly chirped Gaussian pulse and a rectangular gate function, which gates out a piece of the pulse.
		Importantly, knowledge of the spectrogram of E(t) is sufficient to essentially completely determine E(t) (except for a few unimportant ambiguities, such as the absolute phase, which are typically of little interest in optics problems).
		As a result, if the pulse spectrogram is entirely contained within the measured trace, then there can be no additional long-time pulse structure (since the spectrogram is effectively zero for off-scale delays), and there can be no additional short-time pulse structure (since the spectrogram is essentially zero for off-scale frequency offsets).
	www.swampoptics.com /tutorials_FROG.htm (2961 words)

	Trailed Spectrogram of KU Cygni
		A trailed spectrogram stacks spectra according to orbital phase, thus creating a 2-dimensional image of the spectra with orbital phase taking the appearance of the spatial (vertical) position.
		The velocity components of gas parcels in the disk correspond to radial velocity positions in the trailed spectrogram at a given orbital phase.
		The spectrogram displays spectra at orbital phase intervals of 0.033, while the resolution of the spectrograph configuration sets the wavelength dispersion of 0.4 Å/pixel.
	mintaka.sdsu.edu /faculty/quyen/node16.html (407 words)

	Spectrogram Software
		In its simplest form, an IDL Spectrogram object is a structure that contains a two-dimensional (2-d) spectrogram data with accompanying time and energy axis coordinates.
		Spectrogram objects are plotted using the procedure plot.
		Spectrogram objects are graphically overlayed or combined by telling each others their existence..
	hessi.ssl.berkeley.edu /~csillag/spectrogram.html (1070 words)

	Spectrograms: Constant-Q (Log-frequency) and conventional (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The spectrogram is a standard sound visualization tool, showing the distribution of energy in both time and frequency.
		L must be larger than 1, since bin 1 in the linear frequency spectrogram corresponds to 0 Hz, which cannot be represented in the log-frequency domain.
		Notice how the bottom quarter of the lin-freq specgtrogram is expanded to almost all of the log-freq spectrogram, and how the sets of harmonic partials that are equally-spaced but stretching apart on the left become a pattern of unequally-spaced features moving in parallel on the right.
	www.ctr.columbia.edu /~dpwe/LabROSA/matlab/sgram (663 words)

	What is a Sound Spectrogram? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The relative intensity of the sound at any particular time and frequency is indicated by the darkness of the spectrogram at that point.
		A spectrogram provides more complete and precise information than a musical score because it is based on actual measurements of the changing frequency content of a sound over time, typically made by specialized computer software or hardware, such as Raven.
		The illustration below is a sound spectrogram of a banded wren (Thryothorus pleurostictus), a common and vocally active species that inhabits the tropical dry deciduous forest of the Pacific slope of Central America.
	birds.cornell.edu /brp/spgdef.html (226 words)

	Spectrogram Description (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		This figure displays 3 acoustical views of a bottlenose dolphin’s whistle series: the spectrum, the spectrogram, and the waveform.
		The middle panel shows the spectrogram, displaying the frequency on the Y-axis versus time on the X-axis.
		The spectrogram is shaded medium gray below 1 kilo Hertz for the entire time range.
	www.tamug.tamu.edu /labb/Projects/Dolphins/graph_description.htm (326 words)

	Spectrogram (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Spectrogram version 12 is a shareware dual channel audio spectrum analyzer for Windows 98/ME/NT/2000/XP which can provide either a scrolling time-frequency display or a spectrum analyzer scope display in real time for any sound source connected to your sound card.
		Spectrogram allows unlimited recording and playback of the sounds from the audio spectrum display and can provide very high resolution spectrum analysis of wave files with a wide choice of frequency bands and frequency resolution and either linear or logarithmic frequency scales.
		Spectrogram is ideal for any purpose related to sound spectrum analysis including
	www.visualizationsoftware.com /gram.html (173 words)

	Intro 3.1. Viewing a spectrogram
		The frequency at the bottom of the spectrogram is usually 0 Hz (Hertz, cps, cycles per second), and a common value for the frequency at the top is 5000 Hz.
		If the spectrogram has a dark area around a time of 1.2 seconds and a frequency of 4000 Hz, this means that the sound has lots of energy for those high frequencies at that time.
		This undersampling of the underlying spectrogram is different from what happens in the drawing of the wave form, where a vertical fl line connects the minimum and maximum amplitude of all the samples that fall inside a screen pixel.
	fonsg3.let.uva.nl /praat/manual/Intro_3_1__Viewing_a_spectrogram.html (725 words)

	E6820 Homework 1 Solution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The window of the narrowband spectrogram on one hand must be long enough to provide adequate frequency resolution.
		The window of the wideband spectrogram on the other hand must be short enough in order to resolve the pitch period.
		In the spectrogram of the voiced sounds, the spectrum highs (dark red) actually form horizontal bands across the spectrogram.
	www.ee.columbia.edu /~kcliang/sol1/hw1_sol.html (677 words)

	Rob Hagiwara, How to read a spectrogram (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The result is a wideband spectrogram in which individual pitch periods appear as vertical lines (or striations), with formant structure.
		A formant is a dark band on a wideband spectrogram, which corresponds to a vocal tract resonance.
		Having established (in a mystery spectrogram) that a fricative isn't loud enough to be a sibilant, you can sometimes tell from transitions whether it is labiodental or interdental--labiodental will have labial-looking transitions, interdentals might have slightly more coronal looking transitions.
	home.cc.umanitoba.ca /~robh/howto.html (4197 words)

	Seeing the Sound - Trip-M 003 - Mappa.Mundi Magazine
		Click on any audio spectrogram to get a closer view including a time scale (in hundreds of milliseconds) on the bottom and a frequency scale (in Hz) on the right.
		While it’s difficult to pick out the five notes of the passage by looking at the spectrogram, most people would still hum the same notes if they were asked what it sounded like.
		By examining the variations in the wood thrush’s song on the spectrogram, details one might to miss while swatting mosquitoes in the woods start to become obvious.
	mappa.mundi.net /trip-m/spectrogram (1248 words)

	Re: The natural spectrogram (Eckard Blumschein )
		Cochlea is not subject to a sample rate, and the natural spectrogram adapts to the given sampled input in a similar manner as does the 'sliding' FFT.
		Frequency resolution of the natural spectrogram is not at all restricted, in principle.
		The natural spectrogram is more natural in any comparison with the usual one because it is based on Fourier cosine transform (FCT) which directly provides the input to rectification.
	www.auditory.org /postings/2004/97.html (1002 words)

	Course, chapter 8 Figures
		CD 8.2 - Figure 8.3 A spectrogram of the words heed, hid, head, had, hod, hawed, hood, who’d as spoken by a male speaker of American English.
		CD 8.11 - Figure 8.13 A spectrogram of I should have thought spectrograms were unreadable spoken in a normal, but rapid, conversational style (British English).
		CD 8.15 - Figure 8.17 A spectrogram of the words heed, hid, head, had, hod, hawed, hood, who’d as spoken by a female speaker of American English.
	hctv.humnet.ucla.edu /departments/linguistics/VowelsandConsonants/course/chapter8/figure8.html (401 words)

	Daqarta for DOS: Spectrogram
		In Sequential mode, the speed of the spectrogram sweep is determined by the sample rate and the N size, since these control how long it takes to acquire the samples needed for each line.
		For a good example of the spectrogram in operation, see the experiment described in the Frequency Modulation section of the Virtual Source.
		When the spectrogram display is active, the Y-axis shows the frequency for any point in X-axis time.
	www.daqarta.com /ss00sgrm.htm (1263 words)

	J
		Specifically, the spectrogram provides information on which frequencies are present in a signal and at the same time, how those frequencies vary with time.
		The spectrogram is a smoothed version of the Wigner distribution designed to attenuate quadratic cross or interference terms.
		Specifically, the peak of the spectrogram in the TF plane yields the estimated sinusoidal frequency and the estimated time of arrival.
	jdsp.asu.edu /speclab/lab1.htm (1514 words)

	Speech Analysis Tutorial
		In the spectrogram the time axis is the horizontal axis, and frequency is the vertical axis.
		Consider the spectrogram to be a number of spectrums in a row, looked upon "from above", and where the highs in the spectra are represented with dark spots in the spectrogram.
		The waterfall spectrogram is another way of viewing the three-dimensional plot of time, frequency and amplitude.
	www.ling.lu.se /research/speechtutorial/tutorial.html (1136 words)

	Spectrogram (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The left slide bar is used to adjust contrast (c) and the right one is used to control the signal base level (b).
		If the left mouse button is pressed over spectrogram window, frequency corresponding cursor position is shown in the bottom left corner.
		Push the Config button, which is at the top of the spectrogram window and the following configuration dialog is shown.
	www.skysweep.com /spectrogram.htm (358 words)

	What is Spectrogram (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		- the spectrogram is a computer-generated display that produces a visual representation of the partials of an acoustical signal over time.
		The spectrogram has been one of the most indispensable tools in the hands of the great voice researchers.
		The wavy pattern in the partial lines is a representation of the singers vibrato.
	www.users.drew.edu /~gnair/spectrogram.htm (251 words)

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