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	Spectrometer - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A spectrograph is an instrument that transforms an incoming time-domain waveform into a frequency spectrum, or generally a sequence of such spectra.
		The plant pigment phytochrome was discovered using a spectrograph that used living plants as the detector.
		The first acoustic spectrograph was developed during World War II at Bell Telephone Laboratories, and was widely used in speech science, acoustic phonetics and audiology research, before eventually being superseded by digital signal processing techniques.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Spectrograph (854 words)

	AllRefer.com - mass spectrograph (Physics) - Encyclopedia
		mass spectrograph, device used to separate electrically charged particles according to their masses; a form of the instrument known as a mass spectrometer is often used to measure the masses of isotopes of elements.
		In the mass spectrograph the particles, in the form of ions, pass through deflecting fields (produced by carefully designed magnetic pole pieces and electrodes) and are detected by photographic plates.
		The mass spectrograph is widely used in chemical analysis and in the detection of impurities.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/M/massspec.html (324 words)

	Kids.net.au - Encyclopedia Spectrograph -
		A spectrograph is an instrument that separates incoming light according to its wavelength (like a spectrometer) and records the resulting spectrum in some detector.
		In astronomy, spectrographs are located in a focus of a telescope.
		Currently, spectrographs use detector adequate for the wavelegth range in which it operates, e.g.
	www.kids.net.au /encyclopedia-wiki/sp/Spectrograph (115 words)

	Boller and Chivens Spectrograph Manual (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Later, a bench-mounted spectrograph was built for the fiber system which employed the semi-solid Bowen-Schmidt camera from the B&C. In the 1990s the B&C was put back into use on the du Pont telescope with a Nikon lens serving as the camera and a CCD as the detector.
		Two of the distinctive characteristics of the spectrograph were the absence of slit viewing optics (these are built into the Instrument Mounting Base (IMB) of the du Pont telescope) and the capability for remote control of the decker mask, spacing of the comparison prisms, comparison lamps, and the shutter.
		Because the spectrograph is not a Littrow design, the actual blaze wavelength is shifted (by a factor cos(1/2*49)=0.91) shortward of the value marked on the grating cell and used for identification.
	www.ociw.edu /lco/magellan/instruments/BC/manual.html (4788 words)

	Obtaining Astronomical Spectra- Spectrographs
		A spectrograph is an instrument used to obtain and record an astronomical spectrum.
		Light entering a spectrograph can be split or dispersed into a spectrum by one of two means, using a prism or a diffraction grating.
		The Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics at Mt Stromlo in Canberra was building the Near IR Integral Field Spectrograph (NIFS) for the 8.1 m Gemini North telescope in Hawaii when fire destroyed most of the facilities on the mountain in early 2003.
	outreach.atnf.csiro.au /education/senior/astrophysics/spectrographs.html (1623 words)

	Faulkes Telescope Spectrographs
		This is known as dispersing the light, and it's acheived by using an instrument called a spectrograph ("spectrometers" and "spectroscopes" are similar types of instrument).
		The spectrographs to be installed on the Faulkes telescopes are being built at the University of Leicester in a collaboration with the University of Manchester and Liverpool John Moores University.
		The spectrographs have been designed by Professor John Meaburn (University of Manchester), and are modified versions of a prototype built for the Liverpool Robotic Telescope (which shares the design of the FT, and is sited with the Isaac Newton Group of telescopes on the island of La Palma).
	www.src.le.ac.uk /projects/faulkes (607 words)

	Spectrograph
		A method of attaching the spectrograph to the telescope had to be made and a mounting needed to be made to place the CCD camera where the exit slit was placed, which is the image plane.
		The grating in the of the spectrograph is 1200 lines/mm and is concave.
		Figure 5 is the spectrograph attached to the newtonian focus of the telescope.
	home.earthlink.net /~indig/AuxiliaryEquipment/Spectroscope/Aux_Spectrograph.html (803 words)

	MUSICOS
		It is a cross-dispersed fiber-fed spectrograph, covering most of the visible domain in 2 exposures (380-540 nm and 540-870 nm), with a resolving power of 35000.
		The 2 fibers are separated by 180 microns at the spectrograph entrance, while the spacing between 2 successive orders on the detector is 360 microns at minimum (on the red side of the spectrum) and 640 microns at maximum (on the blue side of the spectrum).
		The spectrograph can also be used in conjunction with a polarimeter, and thus provide the possibility to obtain spectra in both circular and linear polarization.
	webast.ast.obs-mip.fr /magnetisme/spectromus.html (1050 words)

	WIRO VPH Spectrograph
		The spectrograph is operated in a Littrow configuration since this is the condition of maximum efficiency for VPH gratings.
		At the spectrograph the 293 fibers are formed into a vertical stack to form a "slit".
		Note that the spectrograph camera focus is very sensitive to temperature variations and it should be checked at the beginning of each night using the calibration lamps.
	faraday.uwyo.edu /~mpierce/WIRO/Spec.html (1568 words)

	Echelle spectrograph
		The Echelle spectrograph is situated in a temperature stabilised Coudé room in the cellar of the observatory, and is fed by a Coudé train using five flat mirrors that have been silvered to maximise the throughput.
		The spectrograph uses an Echelle grating with 31.6 lines per millimetre (the blaze-angle is 65 degrees) and an f/46 collimator which produces a beam of 150mm in diameter.
		The sensitivity of the Echelle spectrograph strongly depends on the seeing conditions, on the amount of extinction, and on the wavelength region used.
	www.tls-tautenburg.de /coude/echelle_spectrograph.html (709 words)

	spectrograph parameters - SDSS DR2
		Each spectrographic exposure collects spectra from 640 points on the focal plane, most of them corresponding to objects.
		Each of the two slitheads accept light from 320 of the total of 640 optical fibers, and correspond to a spectrograph permanently mounted on the back of the telescope.
		Each of the two spectrographs collect spectra on 2 SITe/Tektronix 2048 by 2048 CCDs, one covering a wavelength range of 3800 Å to 6100 Å, and the other from 5900 Å to 9100 Å.
	www.sdss.org /dr2/instruments/spectrographs (262 words)

	Multipupil Field Spectrograph (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Spectrograph is intended for 2D spectrophotometry of the extended objects with medium spectral resolution.
		Spectrograph is mounted in Prime Focus of the 6-m Telescope.
		The spectrograph is mounted on the universal prime focus adapter which have the TV guiding sytem with 2 x3 arcmin field of view for pointing the object and two moveable probes for offset guiding.
	www.sao.ru /hq/lsfvo/devices/mpfs/mpfs_main.html (241 words)

	SARG - The TNG High Resolution Spectrograph
		The maximum resolution attained with a slit is R=164,000 (a selection of 6 slits is available) while exploiting the Image slicers is R=144,000 (7 slices of 0.314 arcsec that with a pixel size of 13.5 µm provide a projected width on the CCD of 1.92 pixels).
		The spectrograph is rigidly connected to the TNG fork under the elevation axe of the telescope.
		Spectrograph functions (9 axes) are controlled by RS232 links to standalone motor controllers (Instrument Control Architecture).
	www.pd.astro.it /sarg (859 words)

	Spectrographs
		The principal scientific goal motivating the spectrograph design is to obtain in a single exposure 600 spectra of galaxies as faint as the spectroscopic limit of r'~ 18.2 over the three-degree field of the telescope.
		Having captive fibers routed directly to a spectrograph on the telescope avoids repeated bending that would occur if the spectrographs were on the floor.
		At the spectrograph slit, the twenty fibers of the harness terminate in one custom-made stainless steel v-groove block (Figure 7.4).
	www.astro.princeton.edu /PBOOK/spectro/spectro.htm (6446 words)

	InSpectrum Integrated Spectrometers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The InSpectrum 300 is a versatile, 300mm focal length research grade spectrograph / CCD combination permitting complete automation of the integrated CCD readout, dual grating turret, wavelength positioning, integrated filter wheel, interchangeable fixed slits and an internal shutter.
		The InSpectrum 150 is a low-cost, 150mm focal length compact spectrograph / CCD combination with kinematic single grating mount, manually controlled entrance slit and manual control of the wavelength position.
		An ideal entry level spectrograph / CCD combination, the InSpectrum 150 is also a great basis for OEM prototype development.
	www.acton-research.com /catalog/list.php?s=i&c=InSpectrum (231 words)

	CARELEC Spectrograph (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		CARELEC is a long-slit (5.5 arc-min) spectrograph featuring all-reflecting optics and aspherized gratings, giving the benefit of broad-band sensitivity, limited only by the spectral response of the detector.
		The spectrograph is equipped with an auxiliary CCD camera, specially developed in-house, which is used for target acquisition and guiding.
		The spectrograph efficiency improved by a factor between 1.5 and 2 in the interval 4000Å and 1µ with respect to the previous coatings.
	www.obs-hp.fr /www/guide/carelec/carelec-eng.html (785 words)

	NASM Space Artifacts: V-2 NRL Spectrograph
		About one dozen spectrographs similar in design to the one in the NASM collection were manufactured by Baird Associates of Cambridge MA under contract to NRL.
		The first spectrograph was placed in the warhead of the missile for a flight in June 1946 and confirmed that recovery was going to be a major problem.
		The spectrographs were then placed in the tail fins, and explosive bolts were added break the vehicle into two pieces on descent, destroying is aerodynamic form.
	www.nasm.si.edu /research/dsh/artifacts/SS-V2.htm (776 words)

	Gray Miller Spectrograph
		The Dark Sky Observatory Cassegrain Spectrograph, otherwise known as the Gray/Miller (G/M) spectrograph was designed and built in the early 1990's, and saw first service on the DSO 18-inch telescope in 1993.
		The G/M spectrograph is a traditionally designed classification spectrograph, consisting of an entrance slit (100 microns width), an optimized doublet (achromat) (350mm f.l.) for the collimator, a reflection grating for the dispersing element, and, as mentioned above, a large-format 200mm Pentax lens for the camera.
		A grating may be removed from the spectrograph as follows: Grasp the fl ``handle'' (not the graduated grating tilt knob!!) at the base on the south side of the spectrograph and gently but firmly turn it.
	www.phys.appstate.edu /spectrum/GM/GM.html (4689 words)

	Design a spectrograph
		The current spectrograph is of medium resolution with a value of R around 1000.
		Note that for a slit-less spectrograph, the key to high resolution is to employ a telescope with a relatively short focal length.
		There is an advantage in working with a slight under-sampled spectrum – for a spectrograph with a wide slit width the observed line profile is relatively independent of variations in seeing (atmospheric turbulence) over ranges of several tens of percent, which is important when analysis and interpretation of the astrophysical data is made.
	www.astrosurf.com /aras/compute/design_us.htm (4270 words)

	The AFOE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Advanced Fiber-Optic Echelle (AFOE) spectrometer is a fiber-fed, bench-mounted echelle spectrograph, located at the 1.5m (60") telescope of the Whipple Observatory, near Tucson Arizona.
		With a maximum resolution of 56,000, the spectrograph configuration provides a total coverage of 150 nm, typically between 392 and 664 nm, over some twenty four orders.
		The spectrograph is in a thermally controled enclosure, itself in a thermally controled room.
	cfa-www.harvard.edu /afoe/afoe.html (300 words)

	wpo-mk1a spectrograph
		When the spectrograph is fully assembled and attached to the telescope, the telescope focusing knob is adjusted until the spectra (displayed on PC monitor) appear as sharp streaks.
		It is not effected by the telescope fl as modified by the spectrograph.
		The spectrograph's spectral resolution ~1.6nm/pixel [@ 550nm] and dispersion of 130nm/mm.
	home.freeuk.net /m.gavin/mk1afocal.htm (1308 words)

	NSO/KP: About the Solar-Stellar Spectrograph
		The solar-stellar spectrograph is located 5 meters south of the main solar spectrograph on the ground floor of the McMath Telescope complex.
		The spectrograph contains a grating turret that houses an arctan phi = 2 echelle grating and one of three conventional Milton-Roy gratings.
		The spectrograph input optical system consists of a reflecting aperture plate with a thin broadband dichroic mirror over the aperture.
	nsokp.nso.edu /mp/aboutstarspect.html (370 words)

	Extragalactic Planetary Nebula Kinematics with the WHT - ING Newsletter No. 4, March 2001
		The traditional procedure for obtaining PN kinematics in a galaxy is to locate a sample of PNe using narrow-band imaging, and to subsequently use a multi-object spectrograph to obtain their velocities.
		WYFFOS is of course the multi-fibre spectrograph and AF2 is the robotic device which positions the fibres at the WHT prime focus.
		When this image is studied, the background light of the galaxy and the images of foreground stars are found to be blurred, but the PNe are instantly recognisable as bright point-like images, due to their powerful emission line at this wavelength.
	www.ing.iac.es /PR/newsletter/news4/ins2.html (2037 words)

	Goodman HTS
		The Goodman High Throughput Spectrograph was built in the Goodman Laboratory at the University of North Carolina under the leadership of Prof.
		The Goodman Spectrograph was delivered to Chile on 12th June 2004, and was quickly assembled and integrated with the Optical ISB.
		However, the laboratory and on telescope testing confirm that the spectrograph meets its image quality specification, and that flexure is within the range of correction of the active adjustment built into the camera mount.
	www.soartelescope.org /release/06observing/eng_observing/instruments/Goodman_HTS/maintext.html (1155 words)

	Search Results for spectrograph - Encyclopædia Britannica
		The sound spectrograph is an instrument that graphically presents the time, frequency, and intensity of...
		A sound spectrograph is employed to record these waves in the form of a graph that may...
		Almost as important as the telescope itself are the auxiliary instruments that the astronomer uses to exploit the light received at the focal plane.
	www.britannica.com /search?query=spectrograph&submit=Find&source=MWTAB (505 words)

	Grating Spectrograph with SITe CCD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Because of the different beam sizes, the two cameras are not conveniently interchangeable and the RPCS is unlikely to be available in the future.
		The spectrograph is available only on the 1.9-m telescope.
		Most spectrograph functions are automated and are operated from the warm room.
	www.saao.ac.za /facilities/manual/c2/node11.html (697 words)

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