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Topic: Speech disorder

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	Disability Info: Speech and Language Disorders Fact Sheet (FS11)
		Speech and language disorders refer to problems in communication and related areas such as oral motor function.
		Speech disorders may be problems with the way sounds are formed, called articulation or phonological disorders, or they may be difficulties with the pitch, volume or quality of the voice.
		Because all communication disorders carry the potential to isolate individuals from their social and educational surroundings, it is essential to find appropriate timely intervention.
	www.nichcy.org /pubs/factshe/fs11txt.htm (967 words)

	Speech-Language Disorders and The Speech Language Pathologist (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Speech and language disorders are inabilities of individuals to understand and/or appropriately use the speech and language systems of society.
		For example, adults with speech and language disorders may find it difficult to gain employment or may be forced into less satisfying jobs because of their inability to communicate effectively.
		Some of the causes of speech and language disorders are related to hearing loss, short memory span, cerebral palsy and other neuromuscular disorders, severe head injuries, stroke, viral diseases, certain drugs, physical impairments such as cleft lip or palate, and inadequate speech and language models in the home environment.
	www.olemiss.edu /depts/comm_disorders/slpinfo.htm (736 words)

	Children with Communication Disorders
		Speech and language impairments include articulation problems, voice disorders, fluency problems (such as stuttering), aphasia (difficulty in using words, usually as a result of a brain injury), and delays in speech and/or language.
		The overall estimate for speech and language disorders is widely agreed to be 5% of school-aged children.
		Stuttering or dysfluency is a disorder of speech flow that most often appears between the ages of 3 and 4 years and may progress from a sporadic to a chronic problem.
	www.comeunity.com /disability/speech/communication.html (922 words)

	Functional Speech Disorders: What are they?
		A child with a functional speech disorder has difficulty learning to make a specific speech sound (e.g., /r/), or a few specific speech sounds, which may include some or all of these: /s/, /z/, /r/, /l/ and 'th'.
		Functional speech disorders are not the same thing as developmental phonological disorders, developmental apraxia of speech, or developmental dysarthria.
		By definition, the precise cause (or causes) of functional speech disorders is (or are) usually unknown.
	www.speech-language-therapy.com /fsd.htm (1030 words)

	What is a Speech Disorder?
		Although most listeners tolerate speech disorders, individuals with speech problems typically do not like the fact that attention is drawn to their speech and may wish to obtain help from the speech therapists at the Center for Speech, Language, and Occupational Therapy, Inc..
		There is a continuum of performance as regards language disorders, with some speakers not being able to say anything at all, and others being able to express themselves fairly well, but having mild difficulty in choosing words or creating grammatical sentences.
		Severe receptive language disorders such as the inability to process the speech sounds which comprise rapid speech, stand in contrast on the continuum to the individual, for example, with a mild hearing loss.
	www.cslot.com /speech_disorder.htm (554 words)

	DL TETER OF DENVER - hearing aids, speech disorder assistance for Denver, Colorado
		Speech and language pathologists are trained to understand how the brain and the muscles of speech need to work together.
		Speech and language pathologists are often some of the first specialists to get involved in treating these patients and their families.
		Because of the myriad of concerns your speech and language pathologist should be comfortable consulting with dentists, orthodontists, otolaryngologists, feeding specialists, plastic surgeons, genetics, school professionals and, most importantly, families.
	www.dlteter.com /speech_disorders.htm (1764 words)

	What is a Speech Disorder?
		Although some children are precocious in the acquisition of speech and may be able to produce understandable speech by the time they are 30 months of age, in some children, it is not uncommon for one or two speech sounds to remain "unlearned" until 72 months of age.
		The acquisition of speech occurs the same way for children all over the world, and at each chronological age along the developmental continuum, one can predict what developmental features should be present.
		The process of developing speech, called developmental phonology, may be slower than expected, arrested, or idiosyncratic, all of which would be considered a developmental speech disorder/delay.
	www.cslot.com /children/child_what_disorder.htm (573 words)

	Speech/Language Pathology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		A fluency disorder is an interruption in the flow of speaking, characterized by atypical rate, rhythm and repetitions.
		The incidence of dysarthria (a disturbance of motor function of speech) is greater in the later course of the disease.
		Disorders of vocal abuse and misuse are the most prevalent and preventable types of voice disorders.
	www.altru.org /serviceslocations/speech.htm (961 words)

	What is a communication disorder?
		These delays and disorders range from simple sound substitutions range from simple sound substitutions to the inability to understand or use language or use the oral-motor mechanism for functional speech and feeding.
		Speech disorders include the clarity, voice quality, and fluency of a child's spoken words.
		Children with communication disorders frequently perform at a poor or insufficient academic level, struggle with reading, have difficulty understanding and expressing language, misunderstand social cues, avoid attending school, show poor judgement, and have difficulty with tests.
	teachers.olathe.k12.ks.us /~dwrightgs/communicationdisorder.html (1052 words)

	Speech-Language Therapy
		A speech disorder refers to a problem with the actual production of sounds, whereas a language disorder refers to a difficulty understanding or putting words together to communicate ideas.
		Fluency disorders include problems such as stuttering, the condition in which the flow of speech is interrupted by abnormal stoppages, repetitions (st-st-stuttering), or prolonging sounds and syllables (ssssstuttering).
		The process of overcoming a speech or language disorder may take some time and effort, so it's important that all family members be patient and understanding with the child.
	kidshealth.org /parent/system/ill/speech_therapy.html (952 words)

	Phonological disorder Information on Healthline
		Phonological disorder occurs when a child does not develop the ability to produce some or all sounds necessary for speech that are normally used at his or her age.
		Phonological disorder is characterized by a child's inability to create speech at a level expected of his or her age group because of an inability to form the necessary sounds.
		It is often difficult to detect this disorder, as the child with phonological disorder develops speech sounds more slowly than his or her peers; generally, however, he or she develops them in the same sequence.
	www.healthline.com /galecontent/phonological-disorder (918 words)

	Hearing and Communication Disorders
		In essence, apraxia is a speech disorder caused by damage to the parts of the nervous system that control speech.
		In fact, when standard speech is used in conjunction with special augmentative communication, not only does overall communication ability increase, but also so does performance in social interactions and in school.
		Aphasia is a disorder that results from damage to language centers of the brain and is characterized by difficulty understanding what people say, having trouble using words to express meaning and/or the inability to produce organized language.
	www.oregonspeechandhearing.org /Articles/disorders.asp (2358 words)

	Speech Disorder (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Schools for children with speech disorders are therefore principally intended as a temporary measure with the declared aim of training their pupils so they can enter or return to general schools.
		Speech impediments (stuttering, battarism, logopathy): In these cases, there is a general need to respect the individual in social situations, for example by allowing the stutterer sufficient time to speak, and by basically creating a stress-free atmosphere in order to prevent difficulties with speech and communication.
		Complex disorders of speech development often occur as part of general disabilities, as illustrated by the following example: at the age of 16, an adolescent still has wide-ranging problems with grammar, forming structured concepts and language comprehension as well as cognitive functional weaknesses.
	aaonline.dkf.de /rehabuch/englisch/p365.htm (3354 words)

	Frequently Asked Questions and Answers \| Isa Marrs Speech Language Pathology, P.C.
		A "disorder" is most often more severe and will require therapeutic intervention to correct or improve while it is possible yet not definite that a child will grow out of an articulation "delay".
		Children with speech "disorders" have different types of speech errors that would not be heard in a younger child as in a "delay".
		Depending on the type of speech disorder, oral-motor therapy may be used to improve speech quality by addressing coordination and strength of the oral-musculature.
	www.speechlanguagefeeding.com /faqs.html (1156 words)

	Speech Disorders Information on Healthline
		Speech disorders affect the language and mechanics, the content of speech, or the function of language in
		Because speech disorders affect a person's ability to communicate effectively, every aspect of the person's life can be affected, for example, the person's ability to make friends, and to communicate at school or at work.
		Because children typically stumble and confuse their words as speech develops, stuttering is not immediately evident.
	www.healthline.com /galecontent/speech-disorders (1019 words)

	Children's Speech Sound Disorders: Questions & Answers: Caroline Bowen
		Functional speech disorders are often referred to as 'mild articulation disorders' or 'functional articulation disorders'.
		Childhood Apraxia of Speech is a childhood speech disorder.
		The rhythm of speech usually seems wrong to the listener, and the child seems to put the emphasis in all the wrong spots (that is, there is something obviously unusual about their prosody).
	members.tripod.com /Caroline_Bowen/phonol-and-artic.htm (3198 words)

	What are Speech and Language Disabilities
		A speech or language impairment occurs when a student has difficulty producing speech or difficulty with comprehension or expression of language in the classroom setting.
		A language disorder occurs when a student has difficulty understanding what has been said to them (receptive language) and/or has difficulty expressing their thoughts and ideas (expressive language).
		A voice disorder occurs when a student does not produce a voice that sounds appropriate for their age and gender.
	www.speechfriends.com /what_are_disabilities.htm (629 words)

	Speech and Language Disorders, speech delays in children
		Speech disorders are difficulty producing speech sounds or problems with voice quality.
		speech sounds, which can also be a symptom of a delay.
		A child with voice disorders may have trouble with the way their voices sound.
	www.brighttots.com /Speech_Language_Disorders.html (1385 words)

	CHERAB: Working on behalf of children's speech and language delays and disorders
		Verbal apraxia is a neurological disorder where children are unable to coordinate and/or initiate movement of their articulators (jaw, lips and tongue) for the production of speech sounds.
		Oral motor apraxia is a disorder where the coordination of the articulators is hampered for non-speech (raspberries, blowing whistles) or vegetative (eating, chewing, swallowing) skills.
		Both coordination/initiation disorders are neurologically based and therefore may be present in conjunction with other disorders, i.e., ADHD, Autism, Downs Syndrome, Hearing Impairment, etc. Both disorders present with a range of severity: mild to severe.
	www.cherab.org /information/speechlanguage/apraxiaqandaroth.html (1275 words)

	NICHCY- Info About Speech and Language Disorders
		More than one million of the students served in the public schools' special education programs in the 1997-98 school year were categorized as having a speech or language impairment.
		Listeners may have trouble understanding what someone with a speech disorder is trying to say.
		The speech-language pathologist may assist vocational teachers and counselors in establishing communication goals related to the work experiences of students and suggest strategies that are effective for the important transition from school to employment and adult life.
	www.kidsource.com /NICHCY/speech.html (943 words)

	COMMUNICATION DISORDER (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Communication Disorder (Speech and Language Impairment): The impairment of speech articulation, voice, fluency, or the impairment or deviant development of language comprehension and/or expression, or the impairment of the use of spoken or other symbol system that adversely affect educational performance.
		Articulation disorders can consist of various deviations in speech sounds at the word and sentence level, where most standardized tests evaluate or at the conversational level (coarticulated speech) where motor planning, dyspraxia, may be a factor.
		For a child to be eligible with a syntax, morphology, pragmatic or semantic disorder, the disorder is not the result of another disability.
	spedhandbook.loswego.k12.or.us /communication_disorder.htm (972 words)

	Speech Pathology Community for Parent and Speech Pathologist Jobs Speech-Language Pathologist Resources, Continuing ...
		Stuttering is a disorder of speech fluency that interrupts the forward flow of speech.
		All individuals are disfluent at times, but what differentiates the person who stutters from someone with normal speech disfluencies is the kind and amount of the disfluencies.
		Reducing tension in specific muscle groups and substituting a bouncing kind of speech are examples of this kind of strategy.
	www.speech-pathology.org /pathologists/sdisorder/stuttering.html (746 words)

	Apraxia of Speech
		Apraxia of speech is a motor-speech programming disorder resulting in difficulty executing and/or coordinating (sequencing) the oral-motor movements necessary to produce and combine speech sounds (phonemes) to form syllables, words, phrases and sentences on voluntary (rather than only reflexive) control.
		Speech pathologists should be knowledgeable about oral-verbal motor skills, and adult/acquired apraxia to assist the child best.
		The Kaufman Speech Praxis Test for Children and The Kaufman Speech Praxis Treatment Kits are helpful tools in the evaluation of apraxia, determining treatment goals, and providing effective therapy.
	www.kidspeech.com /index.php?page=56 (753 words)

	Speech and Language Disorders
		Apraxia (also referred to as apraxia of speech, verbal apraxia, or dyspraxia) is a motor speech disorder caused by damage to the parts of the nervous system related to speaking.
		Symptoms of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and the speech and language assessment and treatment of ADHD.
		The term "dementia" describes a cluster of symptoms related to memory loss and overall cognitive impairment that is progressive in nature and often irreversible.
	www.asha.org /public/speech/disorders (551 words)

	Speech-Language Pathology FAQ
		Dear Dr Bowen: My daughter who is aged 5;5, and who has severe developmental apraxia of speech, goes to speech once a week at school and sees a speech teacher (the school district's official title for her).
		A speech disorder is an impairment of voice, articulation of speech sounds, and/or fluency.
		The disorder may involve (1) the form of language, (2) the content of language, and/or (3) the function of language in communication in any combination.
	www.speech-language-therapy.com /faqpart2.html (1423 words)

	MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Speech disorders
		Speech disorders include several speech-related problems that result in impaired or ineffective oral communication.
		Call your health care provider if your child's speech is not reaching the standard landmarks, if you suspect your child is in a high risk group, or your child is showing other signs of a speech disorder.
		Since mental retardation and hearing loss are predisposing factors for speech disorders, at-risk infants should be referred to an audiologist for an audiology exam.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/ency/article/001430.htm (521 words)

	Childhood Apraxia of Speech (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Childhood apraxia of speech is a disorder of the nervous system that affects the ability to sequence and say sounds, syllables, and words.
		He or she evaluates the coordination of the speech mechanism for purposeful movement by having the client imitate non-speech actions (e.g., moving the tongue from side to side, smiling, frowning, puckering the lips, etc.).
		Speech articulation (pronunciation of sounds in words) is evaluated, including both vowel and consonant sounds.
	www.asha.org /public/speech/disorders/childhood-apraxia.htm (858 words)

	Speech disorder definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms
		Speech disorder: A disorder affecting the ability to produce normal speech.
		Speech disorders may affect articulation (phonetic or phonological disorders); fluency (stuttering or cluttering); and/or voice (tone, pitch, volume, or speed).
		Most speech disorders have their roots in oral-motor differences, although some involve language processing problems.
	www.medterms.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=11250 (121 words)

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