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Topic: Speech perception

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	WowEssays.com - Speech Perception
		Speech perception is not dependent on the extraction of simple invariant acoustic patterns in the speech waveform.
		Speech Mode Speech mode is the perception of the restructured phonemes.
		Liberman (1996) stated that perception of phonemes that have been encoded may be expected to differ from the perception of the phonemes that have not been encoded and from non-speech.
	www.wowessays.com /dbase/ag1/xaj108.shtml (2345 words)

	Speech perception Encyclopedia of Psychology - Find Articles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Encyclopedia of Psychology by Patricia Kuhl Ph.D. Speech perception, the process by which we employ cognitive, motor, and sensory processes to hear and understand speech, is a product of innate preparation ("nature") and sensitivity to experience ("nurture") as demonstrated in infants' abilities to perceive speech.
		Speech prosody (the pitch, rhythm, tempo, stress, and intonation of speech) also plays a critical role in infants' ability to perceive language.
		Under the assumption that sound prototypes exist in speech categories, adults were asked to judge the category "goodness" of a sampling of one hundred instances of the vowel /i/ using a scale from 1 to 7.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_g2699/is_0006/ai_2699000631 (950 words)

	UCR Research on Audiovisual Speech Perception
		Finally, we have initiated a project to examine the neurophysiologicalbasis of visual speech perception and whether previous findingsconcerning speechreading and laterality are based in speech specialization,or general kinematic processing (Johnsonand Rosenblum, 1996).
		Rosenblum, L.D. and Fowler,C.A. Audio-visual investigation of the loudness-efforteffect for speech and nonspeech stimuli.
		Fowler, C.A. and Rosenblum, L.D. Perception of the phonetic gesture.
	www.faculty.ucr.edu /~rosenblu/AVSpeech.html (3851 words)

	Animated Speech Corporation -- Baldi's Proven Effectiveness - Using Visible Speech to Train Perception and Production ...
		Because speech training is a laborintensive task, requiring endless hours of one-on-one training between child and clinician, interactive technology may offer a promising and cost-effective means to improve the perception and production skills of speech-impaired individuals.
		Speech and language science evolved under the assumption that speech perception was a solely auditory event (Denes and Pinson, 1963).
		These speech segments are shown in Table 2 and are consistent with what has been reported in the past as problematic for individuals with hearing loss to produce (Kirk et al., 1997; Ling, 1976).
	animatedspeech.com /Research/research_effectiveness_visible2.html (10980 words)

	Speech Perception
		Generally speaking, speech perception proceeds through a series of stages in which acoustic cues are extracted and stored in sensory memory and then mapped onto linguistic information.
		An important difference between speech perception and visual perception is that we do not hear speech sounds as falling halfway between a "ba" and a "pa." We hear a sound one way or the other.
		Perception of speech can be influenced by contextual information, indicating that perception is not strictly bottom-up but can receive feedback from semantic levels of knowledge.
	cnx.org /content/m11175/latest (3224 words)

	Speech Perception Lab (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		This course provides an introduction to the field of speech processing by computer, with primary application to research techniques in the study of speech perception.
		Weekly laboratory sessions are included to provide hands-on experience with computer techniques for speech analysis and speech synthesis, as well as laboratory replications of classical experimental studies of speech perception.
		Topics to be covered include the acoustic analysis and synthesis of speech; computer simulation of the auditory processing of speech; categorical perception and cue trading; perceptual compensation for speaker differences and variations in speaking rate; effects of background noise, including other voices (the "cocktail party problem"); computational models of speech perception.
	www.utdallas.edu /~assmann/hcs7367/index.html (136 words)

	Speech perception - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Speech perception refers to the processes by which humans are able to interpret and understand the sounds used in language.
		The study of speech perception is closely linked to the fields of phonetics and phonology in linguistics and cognitive psychology and perception in psychology.
		Using a speech synthesizer, they constructed speech sounds that varied in place of articulation along a continuum from /ba/ to /da/ to /ga/.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Speech_perception (670 words)

	Speech Perception
		Speech sounds are produced by continuous fluctuations of air particles, originally produced in the lungs, coming into contact with the various parts of our vocal apparatus (most notably, the larynx, velar ridge, tongue, teeth, and lips).
		When we listen to speech, we cannot anticipate hearing clear pronunciations of words since all phonemes change their features depending on the words or phrases they are part of.
		As with other perception processes in the brain, speech perception involves processing at many different levels and separate information at one level may be used to resolve problems at another level.
	www.latcomm.com /articles/speechperception.html (3068 words)

	Speech Acoustics and Perception Laboratory
		A central emphasis of this research is the investigation of speech materials that more closely resemble "real world" utterances, i.e., continuous speech utterances in which phonetic segments are co articulated within a prosodic structure.
		Finally, experiments are currently underway which examine similarities and differences in perception of speech and meaningful (environmental) non-speech acoustic signals.
		Strange, W. Chapter 12: Perception of consonants; From variance to invariance In Pickett, J.M..(ed.) The acoustic of speech communication: Fundamentals, speech perception theory and technology.
	web.gc.cuny.edu /Speechandhearing/labs/sapl (1108 words)

	SPEECH PERCEPTION IN DYSLEXIA: MEASUREMENTS FROM BIRTH ONWARDS
		Literature on the possible deficiency in auditory perception in dyslexic children points into the direction of less distinct phoneme boundaries: classification as well as discrimination tests show lower consistency in dyslexic than in control children [3, 4, 6].
		Especially in (synthetic) speech sound continua for place of articulation, where normally categorical perception can be demonstrated, this lower consistency is obvious.
		Natural speech of a female speaker was considered to be the best starting point to construct the stimuli, since the ultimate use of the stimuli will be in tests with infants and children, and the stimuli have to resemble everyday speech as much as possible.
	www.fon.hum.uva.nl /IFA-publications/ICSLP98/florien/florien.html (2586 words)

	Auditory Basis of Speech Perception
		Pols, Louis C. "Analysis and perception of dynamic events and of reduction phenomena in speech", 17-22.
		Faulkner, Andrew / Rosen, Stuart: "The contribution of temporally-coded acoustic speech patterns to audio-visual speech perception in normally hearing and profoundly hearing-impaired listeners", 261-264.
		Gósy, Mária: "Consequences of temporary auditory deficiencies for speech perception", 269-272.
	www.isca-speech.org /archive/absp_96/index.html (1158 words)

	Early Research on Speech Perception (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Here are some formant patterns that give rise to the percept of a tongue-tip stop consonant [d] in the context of different vowels.
		The phonemic representation of speech as a sequence of symbols led scientists to expect that it would be possible to chop the acoustic signal up into chunks such that each chunk correponded to one of the phonemes.
		Early research on speech perception suggested that people's ability to discriminate speech signals along a continuum was no better than their ability to categorize them in terms of place or voicing.
	www.ling.yale.edu:16080 /ling120/Consonants/Cb.html (362 words)

	Speech and Hearing » Speech Science
		It treats basic areas of speech science, such as basic speech acoustics, instrumentation and speech perception with regard to theories and practical applications.
		The book is intended for use on undergraduate and postgraduate speech acoustics and experimental phonetics courses; it is also aimed at researchers from phonetics, linguistics, computer science, psychology and engineering who wish to gain an understanding of the basis of speech acoustics and its application to fields such as speech synthesis and automatic speech recognition.
		There are papers on experimental phonetics, including aerodynamics of speech, speech signal processing, laboratory techniques and acoustic phonetics as well as discussions of speech technology applications in areas such as automatic recognition of speech and speakers, and speech synthesis.
	www.speechandhearing.net /?page_id=17 (955 words)

	Some effects of multiple sclerosis on speech perception in noise: Preliminary findings (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Because problems understanding speech in background noise are characteristic of individuals with auditory processing problems and disorders of the central auditory nervous system, one might postulate that individuals with MS would also have this type of deficit.
		Speech perception in noise was conducted in a double-walled Acoustic Systems (ETS-Lindgren Co, Cedar Park, Texas) sound-treated chamber (1.96 m high × 2.6 m wide × 2.4 m long).
		One should also note that preliminary results suggest that the use of frequency-modulation technology may viably improve speech perception in noise for these individuals [23] and should be considered as a rehabilitation option for patients with MS that experience difficulty hearing in adverse listening situations.
	www.vard.org /jour/06/43/1/lewis.html (3242 words)

	Rice Department of Linguistics: Activities
		The satisfactory modeling of the processes involved in the perception of speech has proven to be both a fascinating and elusive ambition.
		The ability to recognize and categorize speech sounds in these imperfect and variable conditions is a direct result of the fact that humans use many sources of information in the process of speech perception.
		Humans interpret speech much better than computers because humans use, for example, cross-modal cues (such as vision), context cues, speaker normalization processes, their expectations, and categorical perception, each c ontributing to the human capacity to make sense of the acoustic stream of information they are confronted with.
	www.ruf.rice.edu /~ling/speechPerception.html (276 words)

	[No title]
		The purpose of this study is to contribute to a broad research program whose aim is to understand and model human perception of speech in noise.
		Developing quantitative models of speech perception in noise is important for providing insights into our cognitive abilities and into the perceptual mechanisms of the hearing impaired.
		On the perception of voicing in syllable-initial plosives in noise", accepted for publication in the Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, November, 2005.
	www.icsl.ucla.edu /~spapl/projects/perception.html (1358 words)

	Speech & Hearing - Getting started: What is X?
		We are interested in how speech sounds are made, how these sounds are used to communicate in language, how the significant properties of those sounds can be analysed, how sounds are analysed by the human hearing mechanism, how humans and machines can recover the linguistic content of speech sounds.
		Speech Therapy (more commonly known as Speech and Language Therapy) is a clinical field concerned with disorders of human communication.
		Speech and Language therapists are involved in the assessment of people with a communication problem, and the provision of therapy.
	www.speechandhearing.net /entrance/intro.html (891 words)

	Perception of Speech in the Presence of Competing Voices (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		This work has two primary goals: (i) to investigate the processes by which human listeners extract information from speech in the presence of competing sounds; (ii) to develop computational models of sound segregation and speech perception.
		We are conducting laboratory studies with both synthesized and natural speech to study the effects of competing sounds on the perception of speech.
		One of our long-term research objectives is the development of a preprocessor for speech analysis based on a model of human perception that can track an individual's voice through variable and unpredictable forms of background noise.
	www.utdallas.edu /~assmann/speech_seg.html (269 words)

	Categorical perception - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Categorical perception is the perception of different sensory phenomena as being qualitatively, or categorically, different.
		It is opposed to continuous perception, the perception of different sensory phenomena as being located on a smooth continuum.
		He concluded that speech CP is not special after all, but merely a special case of Lawrence's classic demonstration that stimuli to which you learn to make a different response become more distinctive and stimuli to which you learn to make the same response become more similar.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Categorical_perception (2893 words)

	Amazon.ca: Speech and Audio Signal Processing: Processing and Perception of Speech and Music: Books: Ben Gold,Nelson ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Speech and music are the most basic means of adult human communication.
		This is a book much needed in the speech and audio community because of its unique perspective on these topics.
		By their very nature, speech, music and other audio signals are only fully understood if one takes into account their perception, production, and the context within whcih they exist (language, symphony).
	www.amazon.ca /Speech-Audio-Signal-Processing-Perception/dp/0471351547 (887 words)

	Speech Training
		Summary: The long-term goal of this research is to understand the mechanisms involved in speech pattern recognition by the electrically stimulated auditory system, and further, the plasticity of the auditory cortex.
		The hypothesis of this research is that speech recognition in electric hearing is primarily based on a similarity measure between electrically evoked peripheral neural discharge patterns and central speech pattern templates.
		The high variability of speech performance among cochlear implant users is largely due to a deficit in the auditory resolution of the individual patient, as well as the mismatch between the peripheral neural patterns and central speech pattern templates.
	www.hei.org /research/aip/sthr/sthrhome.htm (478 words)

	Language Imaging Lab Uses fMRI to Study Speech and Brain
		In the trials of this task, the subjects made a decision about whether they had been presented with a "ba" syllable or a "da" syllable as the researchers measured both accuracy of the identification and the time it took to make the decision.
		Liebenthal is the lead author of the soon-to-be-published Medical College Department of Neurology study conducted by the Language Imaging Laboratory titled "Neural Substrates of Phonemic Perception." This work looks at the specific function of different temporal brain regions in the analysis of the speech signal, using fMRI data and analysis that is extremely refined.
		LIL projects are underway in many areas, including studies of visual word recognition, speech perception, prephonemic audition, specific language impairment, presurgical localization of language cortex, presurgical evaluation of medial temporal lobe function, and computational modeling of fMRI responses.
	healthlink.mcw.edu /article/1031002515.html (890 words)

	Speech Perception Laboratory
		The overall objective of research in the Speech Perception Laboratory is to increase our understanding of spoken language processing.
		The results of such investigations constrain theories of normal speech and language processing as well as theories of speech and language processing disorders, and they have implications for the development of human speech technologies.
		Primary support for the Speech Perception Laboratory is provided by NIH grant DC 00130 from the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders.
	www.psych.neu.edu /miller/SPLoverview.html (398 words)

	Papers in Speech Communication: Speech Perception
		C.A. Fowler (1986), An event approach to the study of speech perception from a direct-realist perspective.
		In making the selections, we were guided by the goal of including papers that are important in their own right and, in addition, collectively reflect progress in the field and present a range of viewpoints, approaches, an methodologies.
		Given the vast literature on speech, and practical constraints on the size of the volumes, the choices were difficult, and many important papers are not included.
	asa.aip.org /books/perception.html (1315 words)

	Acoustics of Speech Communication, The: Fundamentals, Speech Perception Theory, and Technology:0205198872:Pickett, J. ...
		This is the only book to relate all three of the currently interactive areas of speech science-acoustic phonetics, speech perception, and speech technology.
		The book presents a gradual course, starting with a clear tutorial approach to basic speech then leading to speech perception research, the various theories of speech perception, and the modern speech technologies of computer synthesis and recognition of speech messages.
		The aim is to bring the reader through basic acoustics, spectrum analysis, vowel and consonant acoustics, and into the research literature of speech perception technology.
	www.ecampus.com /book/0205198872 (372 words)

	James Harnsberger: Speech Perception Laboratory
		The proposed study concerns the effects of bilingual development on the acquisition of the phonology and phonetics of another language in adulthood.
		Does the acquisition of two languages with different inventories of speech sounds aid in the acquisition of similar, though not identical, speech sounds in a third language learned?
		Each language, English and Spanish, employ a subset of speech sounds (specifically, coronal stop consonants) that appear in Malayalam.
	www.clas.ufl.edu /users/jharns/Bilingual_Perception.html (214 words)

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