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Topic: Speech synthesizer

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	Hardware and Software Aspects of a Speech Synthesizer Developed for Persons with Disabilities
		In the second and third levels, a synthesizer > control command (a set of phonetic parameters) is generated ev- > ery 6.4 milliseconds, and the digital signal processor generates > a speech waveform value every 100 microseconds.
		Informal observations suggest high quality synthesized > speech may be more comprehensible at these high speeds than hu- > man speech perhaps due to the fact that with redundancy as a > constant there is an upper limit to the speed of movement of > human articulators.
		When speech at these high speeds is slowed > down, intelligibility is lower when compared to normal > > A similar result occurs when a read passage at normal speed > is sped up or slowed down due to a consequent frequency shift.
	codi.buffalo.edu /archives/computing/.dec.speech (7093 words)

	Haskins Laboratories
		An articulatory synthesizer is in itself a model of the relation of the changing shape of the vocal tract to the changing acoustic waveform produced.
		At present, no commercial synthesizers are based on articulatory synthesis; the gaps in our knowledge mean that they are either intelligible but with a restrictively small vocabulary, or not intelligible enough to be useable.
		The formant transitions visible on spectrograms between vowels and consonants proved to be important acoustic cues to the place of the consonant, that is, to the vocal tract location where the main constriction was, such as at the lips for “p” or “b”, or at the alveolar ridge behind the teeth for “t” or “d”.
	www.haskins.yale.edu /speechtech.html (934 words)

	Glossary of Adaptive Technologies: External Speech Synthesizer
		An external speech synthesizer is a hardware device used for speech output.
		External speech synthesizers were used exclusively before the advent of sound cards in computers.
		Proverbe Speech Platform is a multilingual text to speech system and is often used by people using screen readers who also need access to multilingual documents [used as a speech syntheisizer]
	www.utoronto.ca /atrc/reference/tech/external.html (568 words)

	Speech Access Technology
		Problems inherent with speech input are the speed with which text is entered, the amount of computer memory required, and the computer's ability to recognize the speaker's voice.
		The hardware component of the speech access system, the speech synthesizer can be a portable external device, or an internal chip or circuit board that must be inserted in the computer.
		Juno Speech System is a battery-powered synthesizer that connects to the serial port of a laptop and comes with a 4-inch external speaker.
	www2.edc.org /NCIP/library/vi/speech.htm (2283 words)

	Craig Olinsky - February 2002
		Concatenative Speech Synthesis primarily involves the recording of a large number of spoken utterances of a given speaker, which are then labelled, chopped up, and re-pasted together, according to a generated pronunciation string, to produce a new utterance.
		The building of a language-dependent speech synthesizer is a process which typically requires a great deal of linguistic knowledge of the tongue in question.
		Given a speech synthesizer targeted for a specific language and dialect, such as us english, we would imagine that much of the training and knowledge incorporated into the system would be highly useful in the an alternate accent of the same language, such as london-accented english.
	www-2.cs.cmu.edu /~colinsky/main.htm (2640 words)

	Speech Synthesis
		There are British English synthesizers and an increasing number of other languages, though the quality of the speech in other languages does not seem yet to match that of the English ones.
		For instance, for one synthesizer it may be possible to embed commands to alter the way the speech will be pronounced (inserting a pause or altering the pitch, for instance).
		Already synthesizers exist, based on new technology, which produce voices which would be hard to distinguish from a recording of human speech (certainly over a telephone line).
	www.rit.edu /~easi/itd/itdv01n2/edwards.htm (2241 words)

	Speech Research Lab: Speech Synthesis, Speech Recognition, and Speech Processing
		Then, when speech is synthesized, the longest continuous strings of speech are appended together.
		So if someone is trying to synthesize a phrase or sentence that has been recorded and stored in the database, the resulting synthesized speech will sound as natural as recorded speech.
		We synthesize speech this way so that all possible words, phrases, and sentences can be synthesized even though only a limited number of words and phrases have been recorded.
	www.asel.udel.edu /speech/users.html (231 words)

	Vision - Audio Output -Speech Synthesizer
		The Apollo Speech Synthesizer offers clear speech with pleasant inflection and tonal sixteen speeds from slow to very fast, a rechargeable battery, connections to serial and parallel ports of a PC and connections to any laptop.
		This text to speech conversion facility is useful to persons who are blind and vision impaired and may be used by those with speech, hearing and learning difficulties.
		Speech may be generated in five ways: by accessing user modifiable phrase lists, word lists, scratch pads, text files, and/or direct typing.
	polio.dyndns.org /chip/vss.html (1985 words)

	O'Reilly Network -- Are You Talking to Me? Speech on Mac OS X
		The Speech technology is in fact built in two parts: a speech synthesizer that your Mac can use to communicate with you -- read text on demand but also keep you informed about the status of a process.
		The Speech Synthesizer has also evolved a lot and is now able to distinguish common abbreviations and to add emphasis to long sentences and paragraphs automatically, making speech sound much more natural.
		It is sometimes referred to as the "speech engine." To do that, it relies on the various elements we have already seen: dictionaries, sets of rules and exceptions, and an understanding of the context in which the phrase to speak is placed.
	www.macdevcenter.com /pub/a/mac/2004/03/17/speech.html (2138 words)

	Java Speech API Frequently Asked Questions
		The Java Speech API is part of a family of APIs that work together as a suite to provide customers with enhanced graphics and extended communications capabilities.
		Speech Cube is available with 2 TTS technologies (Elan Tempo : diphone concatenation and Elan Sayso : unit selection), covering 11 languages.
		As speech technology matures it is anticipated that a finer-grained permission model will be introduced to provide access by applications and applets to some, but not all, speech capabilities.
	java.sun.com /products/java-media/speech/forDevelopers/jsapifaq.html (2137 words)

	Speech Research Lab: Speech Synthesis, Processing, and our Remediation Tool (Text)
		Once the person is satisfied, she or he pushes a button to store the speech and InvTool prompts for the next word or phrase.
		The ModelTalker synthesizer can be thought of as consisting of two components: a user interface; and the speech synthesizer.
		The person types in text or enters text into the synthesizer from a file, and the text goes through the user interface to the synthesizer, which creates synthetic speech from the database.
	www.asel.udel.edu /speech/TextSite/TUsers-how.html (394 words)

	Speech Synthesizer download free Speech Synthesizer free download Great for Kids to learn English Speaking
		Speech Synthesizer download free Speech Synthesizer free download Great for Kids to learn English Speaking
		Speech Synthesizer 5.0 is a powerful Text-To-Speech voice synthesizer program that is extremely useful for learning English pronunciation and Vocabulary building.
		Speech Synthesizer download free kids, childrens, english, words, vocabulary, kid's, child, children's, educational, learning, speech, student, school free Great for Kids to learn English Speaking free download Speech Synthesizer
	www.popularshareware.com /cd/Speech-Synthesizer-download-10529.html (138 words)

	DIXI+ A Portuguese Text-to-Speech Synthesizer For Alternative and Augmentative Communication (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Speech Processing Group of INESC and the Phonetic and Phonology Group of CLUL.
		The addition of the concatenative-base waveform synthesizer module has two goals: in one hand it will allow us to study the specific problems of this synthesis method for European Portuguese and in the other hand it will make easier the addition of the different voices required by most accessibility aid applications.
		The final task of the project is the evaluation of the system and it will include two sub-tasks: the assessment of the synthesized speech and the evaluation of the use of the system in AAC solutions.
	www.speech.inesc.pt /~lco/dixiplus/abstract.html (520 words)

	History of speech synthesis, 1770 - 1970
		The first attempts to produce human speech by machine were made in the 2nd half of the 18th century.
		Computers made it possible to utilize speech synthesis for practical purposes, and several systems with the function of converting text to speech were developed.
		However, single speech sounds (phones) can not be successfully concatenated into words and sentences, since the acoustic properties of these minimal distinctive segments of speech vary as a function of their context, and this variation is necessary for intelligibility and naturalness.
	www.ling.su.se /staff/hartmut/kemplne.htm (2241 words)

	Create a Flash Speech Synthesizer
		I ended up with a library of synthesized voice samples, each of which I gave a name and linkage identifier that were both identical to the spoken allophone, as shown in.
		For example, to pronounce the word "knowledge," you had to ask the speech synthesizer to pronounce the phonetic equivalent, such as "nnolej" or something similar.
		A Flash-based speech synthesizer is so cool because it carries its own speech engine in the SWF itself; no accessibility plugins are required.
	www.oreilly.com /pub/h/1568?page=last (1681 words)

	Create a Flash Speech Synthesizer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		I ended up with a library of synthesized voice samples, each of which I gave a name and linkage identifier that were both identical to the spoken allophone, as shown in.
		For example, to pronounce the word "knowledge," you had to ask the speech synthesizer to pronounce the phonetic equivalent, such as "nnolej" or something similar.
		A Flash-based speech synthesizer is so cool because it carries its own speech engine in the SWF itself; no accessibility plugins are required.
	hacks.oreilly.com /pub/h/1568 (1681 words)

	[No title]
		A lot has to happen for a synthesizer to accurately convert a string of characters into an audio stream that sounds just as the words would be spoken.
		This is all that's needed to invoke the synthesizer!
		A speech synthesis engine already knows how to pronounce most of the words in general use in a language, through a combination of an extensive lexicon and algorithms for deriving the pronunciation of unknown words.
	msdn.microsoft.com /msdnmag/issues/06/01/speechinWindowsVista (4144 words)

	IBM Research \| Projects \| Text-to-Speech
		Our goal is to make synthesized speech as intelligible, natural and pleasant to listen to as human speech and have it communicate just as meaningfully.
		During synthesis very small segments of recorded human speech are concatenated together to produce the synthesized speech.
		The new IBM expressive speech synthesizer has a range of expressions, so you can tune the speech to fit its content.
	www.research.ibm.com /tts (429 words)

	Speech Synthesis Markup Language (SSML) Version 1.0
		A Conforming User Agent is a Conforming Speech Synthesis Markup Language Processor that is capable of accepting an SSML document as input and producing a spoken output by using the information contained in the markup to render the document as intended by the author.
		Briefly, phonemic strings consist of phonemes, language-dependent speech units that characterize linguistically significant differences in the language; loosely, phonemes represent all the sounds needed to distinguish one word from another in a given language.
		In particular, concatenative-type synthetic speech systems that employ large acoustic units may reject prosody-modifying markup elements if they are redundant with the prosody of a given acoustic unit(s) or would otherwise result in degraded speech quality.
	www.w3.org /TR/speech-synthesis (11479 words)

	Speech Synthesis for Music
		With the recent advances in computing and speech technology, we are finally moving beyond this limitation.
		The notes and lyrics are entered using a commercial MIDI editor then exported as a Standard MIDI File to the synthesizer for fine tuning and musical playback.
		Although the synthesizer output is 16-bits, 44.1 kHz stereo, to reduce download time, all examples have been scaled back to 8-bits, 22 kHz mono.
	research.microsoft.com /srg/whistmusic (316 words)

	SC-01A (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		LPC is a compact method of encoding speech, and so typically systems using these chips have a limited, pre-specified vocabulary, though in a few instances software and lots of data was used to create unlimited speech systems (e.g., Street Electronics).
		Formant: A peak in the spectrum of speech corresponding to a resonance in the vocal tract.
		Depending on the type of speech to be synthesized (e.g., female, male), four or usually five or more formants are necessary for reasonable speech.
	www.redcedar.com /sc01.htm (2789 words)

	Synthesizer Software: Rainbow, Text To Speech Synthesizer, Rhino, AnaMark, Fatsondo Mac, ...
		Speech Synthesizer is a great Text to Speech synthesizer for Children to learn English Speaking Vocabulary Speech Synthesi...
		Analogue and experimental VST Synthesizer 545 factory presets 3 OSC with feedback 21 types of synthesis 8 types of resonan...
		The Fatsondo MIDI Synthesizer is a plugin AU which has been tailored made for the creation of fat sounds In addition it ha...
	www.windfile.com /find/synthesizer (289 words)

	Speech Synthesizer - Free Software Downloads and Software Reviews - Download.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Speech Synthesizer is a great text-to-speech synthesizer for children to learn English speaking and vocabulary.
		Speech Synthesizer is a powerful text-to-voice converting application that is extremely useful for converting all types of text to speech, learning English pronunciation, and vocabulary building.
		Its features include a realistic embedded multiplex text-to-speech synthesizer, reads all text, RTF, and Word documents, customizable display area, animated speaking character, eighteen voice outputs, adjustable speaking speeds, variable voice tones from low to high pitch, graphical sound output visual display, and you can record the speech output as WAV format as well.
	www.download.com /Speech-Synthesizer/3000-2051_4-10386878.html (256 words)

	Java(TM) Boutique - Tutorial - The Java Speech API: A Primer on Speech Applications
		Speech Technology is implemented as software, hardware, or a combination of both.
		Speech synthesizers, speech recognizers, speaker verification systems, speaker identification systems, etc. are examples of speech engines.
		To improve the readability of the synthesizer, the speech API supports annotations, which are embedded in the speech text.
	javaboutique.internet.com /tutorial/speechapi/index-2.html (931 words)

	LWN: The eSpeak Speech Synthesizer
		Your author has been interested in computer speech synthesis since the late 1970s, when he interfaced a Votrax SC-01A speech synthesizer chip to his Imsai 8080 computer with some wire-wrap wire.
		" causes the desired speech to be rendered and output to the speaker.
		As with most speech synthesis applications, mispronunciation is fairly common, English pronunciation rules involve many special exceptions and ambiguities, accurate text to speech conversion is a non-trivial software task.
	lwn.net /Articles/190364 (633 words)

	Sun Microsystems Laboratories: Speech Integration Group
		Speech technology is increasing in importance as a means for improving human-computer interfaces.
		Speech interfaces are being deployed in desktop environments and applications, in telephony call centers and in small personal computing devices.
		SpeechActs: During the period 1993-1997, the Speech Applications Group, under the leadership of Nicole Yankelovich, researched and developed SpeechActs, a framework for developing telephony speech applications with conversational interaction.
	research.sun.com /speech (299 words)

	Interface javax.speech.synthesis.Synthesizer
		A synthesizer is mono-lingual (it speaks a single language) so the text should contain only the single language of the synthesizer.
		Cancel all objects in the synthesizer speech output queue and stop speaking the current top-of-queue object.
		The items on the speech queue cannot be modified by changing the object returned from this method.
	java.sun.com /products/java-media/speech/forDevelopers/jsapi-doc/javax/speech/synthesis/Synthesizer.html (2087 words)

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