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Topic: Speenhamland

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	Social Welfare: Lessons from Speenhamland
		Whereas the failings of the Speenhamland welfare system made possible the 1834 'New Poor Law' that underpinned the national market system, the failings of modern welfare states to deal with economic growth and its diminution of socially necessary paid work bring us to a similar point of bifurcation in social policy.
		The Speenhamland system proved to be a cause of poverty rather than a cure, for a second reason; that is for a reason in addition to the high effective marginal tax rates that define the poverty trap.
		In the modern context, where we are moving not from local to national but from national to global jurisdiction, the national welfare states are the modern equivalents of the Speenhamland parish welfare programmes.
	www.ak.planet.gen.nz /~keithr/rf98_Speenhamland.html (1187 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Speenhamland (and the Old Poor Law more generally) were wrongheaded intrusions of state power into selfregulating laws of market exchange; as such they were perversions of nature.
		For generations of free market theorists, Speenhamland signaled an era of profligate welfare assistance to the "undeserving" ablebodied poor; for them, it is the paradigmatic case of a wellintentioned social policy producing perverse consequencesthe further impoverishment of the intended beneficiaries.
		The core idea is that the Speenhamland myth was created in the period from 1815 to 1834 to divert blame for a deep agricultural crisis away from government policy and towards the rural poor who were the major victims of the economic downturn.
	www.widerquist.com /usbig/discussionpapers/003-Block-Speenhamland.doc (12487 words)

	KARL POLANYI ON THE LIBERAL UTOPIA
		Speenhamland was a set of locally administered Guaranteed Minimum Income schemes that lasted from 1795 to 1834.
		The Speenhamland system was, in essence, a decentralised version of the Guaranteed Minimum Family Income scheme that was a key part of Roger Douglas' December 1987 tax-benefit package.
		Speenhamland allowances had the potential to liberate landless workers by giving them an alternative source of income and thereby raising their bargaining power.
	keithrankin.co.nz /nzpr1998_4Polanyi.html (2540 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search Results - Speenhamland System of Poor Relief
		Speenhamland System of Poor Relief, policy devised by magistrates of the county of Berkshire sitting in the Pelican Inn at the village of...
		However, over the period the cost of poor relief increased, and the 1662 Act of Settlement enabled the overseers to expel any poor not born in the...
		Three basic systems of medical care exist in the world today: public assistance, private market-based health insurance, and national health-service...
	uk.encarta.msn.com /Speenhamland_System_of_Poor_Relief.html (168 words)

	Speenhamland Primary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Speenhamland Primary School is in Newbury, West Berkshire, UK.
		At Speenhamland we strive to ensure that the children are happy and secure.
		We positively encourage parents' interest and involvement in their children's progress and in the life of the school.
	www.westberks.org /GroupHomepage.asp?GroupID=2532 (175 words)

	economic theory - leftwing history
		The Speenhamland system of outdoor relief (the poor law she referred to) was introduced by Berkshire magistrates in 1795 to cope with rising distress caused mainly by bad harvests.
		If it were true, as Professor Jack claimed, that the Speenhamland system allowed "employers" to exploit labour by depressing wages then the increased profitability of their farms would be reflected in higher rents and capitalised into higher property values.
		Given that the Speenhamland system had guaranteed a growing population a minimum standard of living in the face of virtually unchanged means of employment, poor rates would obviously have to rise.
	www.brookesnews.com /040612history.html (1154 words)

	THE HISTORY OF CAPITALLISM
		Speenhamland (1795) reversed this attempt and demolished the whole system of the elizabethan poor law.
		After speenhamland, society was ordered thusly: squire and parson, yeoman, cottagers, scrap-holders, and roundsmen.
		Speenhamland partly compensated farmers by the low wages they had to pay laborers.
	www.wcc.vccs.edu /courses2/wcnyexr/New_History_of_Capitalism_2001_files/slide0147.htm (86 words)

	Why was an allowance system introduced in Staffordshire in 1811?
		The disadvantages of the Speenhamland system were that it encouraged paupers to have large families, because with a bigger family you would receive more relief.
		The Speenhamland system also encouraged paupers not to work, because they would be making enough money to live without having to work.
		There are many suggestions to why the Speenhamland system was costly to the ratepayers, but they can't be proved, because no records were kept.
	www.coursework.info /i/5211.html (1068 words)

	The Speenhamland System
		As time passed, contemporary writers such as Thomas Malthus said that the system tended to increase the population because it encouraged labourers to marry earlier than they might have done without the availability of poor relief.
		One of the effects of the Speenhamland System was that ratepayers often found themselves subsidising the owners of large estates who paid poor wages.
		It was not unknown for landowners to demolish empty houses in order to reduce the population on their lands and also to prevent the return of those who had left.
	www.victorianweb.org /history/poorlaw/speen.html (906 words)

	American Journal of Economics and Sociology, The: The Great Transformation: The Political and Economic Origins of Our ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Speenhamland illustrates the nonevolutionary and discontinuous nature of market development.
		The political mechanization surrounding the Speenhamland interlude - its institutionalization, its dynamics, and its final repeal - all serve to demonstrate the degree to which the 'natural' self-regulating market was politically constructed in its origins.(1)
		As opposed to the careful and deliberate construction of market society, "Polanyi argues that the counter-movement was spontaneous, unplanned, and came from all sectors of society in response to the devastating impact of the market" (57).
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0254/is_n4_v53/ai_16433972 (1319 words)

	welshrepublicandebate :: View topic - New Labour, New Wales, New Speenhamland ?
		The Royal Commissioners who investigated the Speenhamland system that had spread itself across southern Britain claimed that it made people lazy and reliant on handouts, that people were encouraged to be feckless and reckless, etc. etc.
		Their opponents claimed that employers had grasped the fact that they could simply lower wages or lay people off knowing that the parish would support those driven into poverty, thus shifting some of the costs of their private business off onto the taxpayers.
		We now have a situation in which most people in Wales are dependant on benefits to some degree, and instead of the welfare state being a way of providing assistance against difficulties that might lead to poverty, it is now a way of maintaining people in poverty.
	ctd.6.forumer.com /viewtopic.php?t=354 (2047 words)

	Full Text: Editorial
		Rural poor, both infirm and able bodied, were forced to pilfer to survive, and when caught were to be the "criminals" that populated British penal colonies.
		It was argued that employers had no incentive to pay a living wage since the burden of falling short was distributed among all the "ratepayers" including those who employed no laborers.
		It was also argued that the system perverted the character and resourcefulness of the English working class who could draw their gallon loafs without toil.
	www.jrheum.com /subscribers/02/03/407.html (2724 words)

	POOR LAW AND PAUPERISM : IAN LEVITT
		The reform, a fusion between Malthusian fatalism and a laissez-faire ideology, was primarily aimed at control of the high levels of welfare spending that had become particularly prominent during the Napoleonic Wars.
		The Speenhamland system, although not the only form of subsidising low paid agricultural labour, was the most notorious and by all accounts during certain periods of distress over 20% of Southern England had been on parish relief (Marshall, 1978).
		Speenhamland may have long been buried, but many Boards of Guardians evidently felt statutory assistance remained a necessity.
	alpha.qmw.ac.uk /~ugfa173/chap21/text21.html (1188 words)

	hfphs_hertfordshire_genealogy_poor_law
		The most important change of the late 18th Century was adoption by most parishes of the Speenhamland System.
		This was an attempt to provide a minimum standard to both assess poverty and to provide a standard level of relief.
		This allowance was designated as the price of three gallon loaves a week for each man (a gallon loaf was 8½lbs (about 4kg) plus the cost of 1½ loaves each for a wife and every child.
	www.hertsfhs.org.uk /hfphs45.html (1587 words)

	[No title]
		Like the EITC, Speenhamland linked welfare benefits to paid employment-18th century English worthies were no more eager to subsidize idleness than their twenty-first century American equivalents.
		However laudable its intentions, Speenhamland is now considered one of the great welfare disasters of all time.
		More broadly, the danger of the EITC is that, like Speenhamland, it relieves employers of the cost of adequately compensating their workers.
	www.citylimits.org /content/articles/articleView.cfm?articlenumber=827 (1499 words)

	No Subject (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Speenhamland had created the conditions which enabled the constituency for laissez-faire to become politically dominant.
		He said: "If labourers had been free to combine for the furtherance of their interests, the allowance system might, of course, have had the contrary effect on standard wages.
		were not revoked for another quarter century." Speenhamland allowances had the potential to liberate landless workers by giving them an alternative source of income and thereby raising their bargaining power.
	www.casi.org.nz /PQList-Archive/1999-01/msg00607.html (1708 words)

	Robert F. Willis - More About Me
		After Speenhamland he attended Park House (1959-1964) where he gained four GCE 'O' levels and day-release at Newbury College where he gained ONC in Sciences.
		The ethos learnt at Speenhamland of being encourage to "have a go" and "do your best" despite the odds has helped him on numerous occasions through the ups and downs of life.
		Bob is delighted to be a governor at Speenhamland and in a small way perpetuate the ethos which equipped him for life in secondary school, further education, work and play.
	robert.willis.newbury.net /n1006793/more_about_me.htm (1067 words)

	GENUKI: Berkshire, Speen (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The village, which is of large extent, is situated betwixt the rivers Kennet and Lamborne, near Donnington Castle.
		In addition to the parish church are the district churches at Speenhamland and Stock Cross, the livings of which are perpetual curacies The parochial charities produce about £38 per annum.
		"SPEENHAMLAND, a chapelry in the parish of Speen, county Berks, 1 mile E. of Speen, and 9 miles from Hungerford.
	brazell.net /genuki/BRK/Speen (543 words)

	Speenhamland Swingers Adult Contacts at Genuine UK Swingers Personals Site!
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	www.genuineukswingers.co.uk /uk/berkshire/speenhamland-swingers-contacts.html (665 words)

	[No title]
		The relief of the poor was made a responsibility of the parish by The Elizabethan Poor Law Act of 1601.
		During the late eighteenth century, growing rural poverty greatly increased the numbers of the poor and the cost for providing for them.
		In 1795 the Justices of the Peace in Speenhamland, Berkshire, tied the wages of laborers to the price of bread and the size of the family so as to provide their families with a minimum level of subsistence.
	www.umassd.edu /ir/Resources/Poorlaw/p1.doc (289 words)

	British social policy 1601-1948
		The Speenhamland system acquired some notoriety in the folowing years; it was believed to lead employers to pay unduly low wages while workers were forced to claim relief.
		The changes of the industrial revolution led to the development of the towns, rapid population growth, and the first experience of modern unemployment and the trade cycle.
		Together with the "roundsman system", where paupers were hired out at cheap rates to local employers, the Speenhamland system was thought to depress wages.
	www2.rgu.ac.uk /publicpolicy/introduction/historyf.htm (1729 words)

	Feeback
		The Speenhamland Act of 1795 setting poor relief rates was so called because the whole of the country followed the scale worked out by the Berkshire magistrates when they met at the George and Pelican.
		It was also at this inn, in 1830, that a large crowd of mounted locals gathered in order to join the authorities marching on the farm labourers rioting in Kintbury.
		In case you are puzzled by the bit about Speenhamland, its because in a separate E-mail I asked him what he knew.
	www.newbury-society.org.uk /Newsletters/1998_Autumn/98a_feedback.html (738 words)

	The Speenhamland System.
		Coursework and Essays: Uncategorised: Section 3: The Speenhamland System
		Below is a short sample of the essay "The Speenhamland System.".
		If you sign up you could be reading the rest of this essay in under two minutes.
	www.coursework.info /i/48017.html (539 words)

	icBerkshire - Parents to have say on plans to move (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		CONSULTATION with parents over proposals to move Speenhamland Primary School, Newbury, to Donnington is due to begin tomorrow - a year after the idea was first raised.
		A note about the consultation was sent home to Speenhamland parents on Monday.
		At the end of the summer term a petition with about 140 signatures from parents aginst the proposed move was presented to headteacher Eleanor Brooks and governors.
	icberkshire.icnetwork.co.uk /1200education/0200educationnews/tm_objectid=14671127&method=full&siteid=50102&headline=parents-to-have-say-on-plans-to-move-name_page.html (465 words)

	soc315
		The 'enclosure movement' began in the Middle Ages, and was concluded in the 19th century.
		Many were forced from the land, which was becoming a market good to be bought and sold, to produce the 'highest economic goods.' They could either be hired as laborers on farms, or try their luck in the cities, which many did.
		Enter the Poor laws, which were designed to force people to work at whatever wages they could get-only those with no work were granted relief (e.g., public assistance); Speenhamland said a man could get assistance only where his wages were less than the income he would get from a sliding scale of relief.
	www.eou.edu /socwelf/lecture/history.htm (2442 words)

	PAP 048
		They considered first a proposal to fix minimum wages, as they were empowered to do under the Status of Artificers of 1563.
		However, even the “net losers” at first approved the Speenhamland system because they saw in it the only way of averting a general revolt of the poor, a terrifying thought at any time but particularly so when, just across the Channel, France was in the throes of Revolution.
		Use of the materials, concepts and story contained in this section for any commercial use, any other money-making activity of any sort, or any type of academic activity is prohibited without the express, written permission of the author.
	bbook_bg.home.att.net /Poet/PP048.html (466 words)

	1a SESSION: History of BIG, Part I
		The analysis of the "Speenhamland" era of the English Poor Law has had a surprisingly important influence on recent social policy debates in the United States.
		While sifting through this evidence is complex, the basic conclusion is that recent scholarship has undermined the Speenhamland stories told by social policy analysts from a variety of theoretical perspectives.
		The paper concludes with an account of how the initial Speenhamland story played a critical role in the development of the tradition of Classical Economics.
	www.widerquist.com /usbig/abstracts.html (6234 words)

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