
	Where results make sense

Topic: Speenhamland System

Related Topics

PSA Flight 1771

Taiwan

Eastern Airlines Flight 401

ValuJet Flight 592

PSA Flight 182

Culture of Argentina

List of accidents and incidents on commercial airliners grouped by airline

Singapore Airlines Flight 6

In the News (Fri 1 Jan 10)

Northern Trust

Marvin Harrison

Peter Chernin

Gary Locke

Match Play

Penelope Cruz

Mickey Rourke

AR Rahman

Danny Boyle

Hugh Jackman

	Social Welfare: Lessons from Speenhamland
		The transformation to a market system overturned this relationship, with the requirements of the capitalist market economy taking precedence, and with the expectation that the social costs imposed by the sovereignty of the marketplace would be paid in large part by the dislocated individuals.
		The Speenhamland system proved to be a cause of poverty rather than a cure, for a second reason; that is for a reason in addition to the high effective marginal tax rates that define the poverty trap.
		It is a system that encourages the wasteful and inhumane social exclusion of the underworking group; a system that denies the economic sovereignty that is integral to citizenship.
	www.ak.planet.gen.nz /~keithr/rf98_Speenhamland.html (1187 words)

	The Speenhamland System 1795
		The Speenhamland System was a method of giving relief to the poor, based on the price of bread and the number of children a man had.
		Although this method of poor relief was not a national system it was particularly common in the so-called 'Swing' counties.
		However, as time passed, contemporary writers, such as Thomas Malthus, said that the system tended to increase the population because it encouraged labourers to marry earlier than they might have done; it was also believed that it encouraged couples to have more children so the family could claim on the poor rates.
	dspace.dial.pipex.com /town/terrace/adw03/peel/poorlaw/speen.htm (390 words)

	Speenhamland System of Poor Relief - Search Results - ninemsn Encarta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Speenhamland System of Poor Relief, policy devised by magistrates of the county of Berkshire sitting in the Pelican Inn at the village of...
		However, over the period the cost of poor relief increased, and the 1662 Act of Settlement enabled the overseers to expel any poor not born in the...
		Three basic systems of medical care exist in the world today: public assistance, private market-based health insurance, and national health-service...
	au.encarta.msn.com /Speenhamland_System_of_Poor_Relief.html (168 words)

	Speenhamland: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com
		O.J. Simpson had a severe case of rickets and wore leg braces when he was a child.
		...necessary as dissatisfaction with the Speenhamland system grew; that system had costs that fell locally on each...
		A system of outdoor relief[?] named after the hamlet of Speen near Newbury, where, in 1795, the authorities approved a means-tested sliding-scale of wage supplements in order to mitigate the worst effects of rural poverty.
	www.encyclopedian.com /sp/Speenhamland.html (173 words)

	[No title]
		For generations of free market theorists, Speenhamland signaled an era of profligate welfare assistance to the "undeserving" ablebodied poor; for them, it is the paradigmatic case of a wellintentioned social policy producing perverse consequencesthe further impoverishment of the intended beneficiaries.
		The system thus encouraged employers to lower the portion of the family's subsistence that was paid in wages.
		The core idea is that the Speenhamland myth was created in the period from 1815 to 1834 to divert blame for a deep agricultural crisis away from government policy and towards the rural poor who were the major victims of the economic downturn.
	widerquist.com /usbig/discussionpapers/003-Block-Speenhamland.doc (12487 words)

	Speenhamland system - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Speenhamland system (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The system was adopted by many parishes and poor law unions in the south of England.
		Under the Speenhamland system, wages were supplemented from the poor-rates up to a certain level by a fixed scale, according to the size of the labourer's family, and the price of bread.
		This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Speenhamland+System (170 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The Speenhamland system of outdoor relief (the poor law she referred to) was introduced by Berkshire magistrates in 1795 to cope with rising distress caused mainly by bad harvests.
		If it were true, as Professor Jack claimed, that the Speenhamland system allowed "employers" to exploit labour by depressing wages then the increased profitability of their farms would be reflected in higher rents and capitalised into higher property values.
		Given that the Speenhamland system had guaranteed a growing population a minimum standard of living in the face of virtually unchanged means of employment, poor rates would obviously have to rise.
	www.brookesnews.com /040612history_print.html (1154 words)

	KARL POLANYI ON THE LIBERAL UTOPIA
		The Speenhamland system was, in essence, a decentralised version of the Guaranteed Minimum Family Income scheme that was a key part of Roger Douglas' December 1987 tax-benefit package.
		Speenhamland allowances had the potential to liberate landless workers by giving them an alternative source of income and thereby raising their bargaining power.
		The lesson we should draw is that the present targeted welfare system is a temporary phenomenon, and was always intended to be a temporary phenomenon.
	keithrankin.co.nz /nzpr1998_4Polanyi.html (2540 words)

	The Speenhamland System
		The system was particularly common in the counties where the "Captain Swing" riots erupted in 1830.
		As time passed, contemporary writers such as Thomas Malthus said that the system tended to increase the population because it encouraged labourers to marry earlier than they might have done without the availability of poor relief.
		One of the effects of the Speenhamland System was that ratepayers often found themselves subsidising the owners of large estates who paid poor wages.
	www.victorianweb.org /history/poorlaw/speen.html (906 words)

	swuklink: The Poor Laws of England (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The Poor Laws developed as a system of public relief given to the destitute in Great Britain after King Henry VIII's (1509-1547) Dissolution of the Monasteries (1536-1539) which had fulfilled that task during their existence.
		Special arrangements were made for the spas of Bath and Buxton which were subject to visits from the sick seeking a remedy to their afflictions from the waters.
		The system provided the parish with considerable revenue; £7 10s for a little girl to a gingerbread maker, or £18 for a lame boy.
	www.swuklink.com /BAAAGBWS.php (2052 words)

	"Hertfordshire Family History File - Poor Law Before 1834"
		The systems that developed were complex and the officers carried out their duties as best they could.
		The most important change of the late 18th Century was adoption by most parishes of the Speenhamland System.
		The Speenhamland system stayed in place until the Poor Law Amendment Act of 1834.
	www.hertsfhs.org.uk /hfphs45.html (1610 words)

	[No title]
		The Report was an attack on the allowance system and argued for the restoration of worker incentives through the provision of relief on the basis of the principle of “less-eligibility”.
		The Report recommended a system of central supervision of local parish relief that became a model for the creation for the modern administrative state.) Progressive character of burdens and evils associated with the existing law (Report, p.
		In the eight years preceding the operation of the new system, the increase of population was very rapid; for the eight years subsequent there was, as compared with the eight years preceding, a positive diminution.
	www.umassd.edu /ir/Resources/Poorlaw/p2.doc (3485 words)

	A history of income guarantees
		One was the Speenhamland system of outdoor relief commenced in Berkshire in 1795 and widely copied in other parts of England (Polanyi 1945 ch 7).
		Unfortunately the Speenhamland system provided some employers with the opportunity to reduce wages thereby letting the cost of maintaining their labour force fall on the parish as a whole; as well in many places the set level of assistance had a tendency to become 'the rate' of payment for farm labourers (Polanyi 1945 ch 7).
		Rhys-Williams(1953) saw her system as resulting in the merger of the social insurance and taxation systems: the payment would have been in the form of a flat rate welfare payment available to nearly everybody.
	www.geocities.com /ubinz/JT/IncomeInsecurity/lHistoryGMI.htm (9174 words)

	[No title]
		Unfortunately the Speenhamland system provided some employers with the opportunity to reduce wages thereby letting the cost of maintaining their labour force fall on the parish as a whole.
		Rhys-Williams saw her system as resulting in the merger of the social insurance and taxation systems: the payment would have been in the form of a demogrant, flat rate and available to nearly everybody (9).
		Under the system operating in 1970, a worker could lose 50 per cent of increased income under the Family Income Supplement Scheme, as well as the 35 per cent positive income tax rate and still be subject to clawback of family allowance (21).
	www.basicincome.qut.edu.au /docs/JTThesis7.doc (6024 words)

	Mike Royden's Local History Pages
		Under the Speenhamland system the Parish subsidised workers to bring their wages up to 3/- a week for a single man plus 1/6 for each dependant.
		The system of indoor relief had all but broken down and by 1820 there were 1,500 in the workhouse, the most extensive of its kind in the kingdom(3), and 8,000 on the streets.
		Central administration of the welfare of the poor with its rigid belief in the ability of indoor relief as a deterrent to poverty was totally inappropriate for the town of Liverpool and indeed for many other large cities and towns throughout the land with their individual and complex problems.
	www.btinternet.com /~m.royden/mrlhp/students/poorlaw/poorlaw.htm (3104 words)

	British social policy 1601-1948
		The development of workhouses under the Old Poor Law was not representative of the system which followed after the 1834 reforms, and this is not how the system is now remembered.
		The Speenhamland system acquired some notoriety in the folowing years; it was believed to lead employers to pay unduly low wages while workers were forced to claim relief.
		Together with the "roundsman system", where paupers were hired out at cheap rates to local employers, the Speenhamland system was thought to depress wages.
	www2.rgu.ac.uk /publicpolicy/introduction/historyf.htm (1796 words)

	POOR LAW AND PAUPERISM : IAN LEVITT
		The reform, a fusion between Malthusian fatalism and a laissez-faire ideology, was primarily aimed at control of the high levels of welfare spending that had become particularly prominent during the Napoleonic Wars.
		The Speenhamland system, although not the only form of subsidising low paid agricultural labour, was the most notorious and by all accounts during certain periods of distress over 20% of Southern England had been on parish relief (Marshall, 1978).
		The whole system was underlined by many parishes refusing to give allowances to the unemployed.
	www.qmw.ac.uk /~ugfa173/chap21/text21.html (1188 words)

	[No title]
		The relief of the poor was made a responsibility of the parish by The Elizabethan Poor Law Act of 1601.
		In 1795 the Justices of the Peace in Speenhamland, Berkshire, tied the wages of laborers to the price of bread and the size of the family so as to provide their families with a minimum level of subsistence.
		The system was widely adopted in the south of England.
	www.umassd.edu /ir/Resources/Poorlaw/p1.doc (289 words)

	SkyMinds.Net (British Politics: The Poor Law Amendment Act of 1834) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		In the first half of the 18th century, this paternalist system seemed to many to work reasonably well, especially as the population only increased very slowly and food price were not too exorbitant for the poor.
		In 1795, as a consequence of the economic turmoil in the wake of the French Revolution and of the wars between european nations, magistrates in the Speenhamland took the decision to subsidize the wages of agricultural workers according to the number of children they had.
		Finally, it was claimed that the Speenhamland system actually encouraged women to have more children to have higher benefits.
	www.skyminds.net /politics/gb_01_poor_law.php (1194 words)

	Essay: The Speenhamland System. - Coursework.Info (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		A system was developed in Speen in Berkshire during 1795 that would allow casual workers to provide food for them and their families.
		The system became known as the Speenhamland System.
		The system worked by topping up workers earnings to comply with the current bread prices.
	coursework.info /A2_and_A-Level/.../The_Speenhamland_System_L48017.html (254 words)

	The 1832 Commission of Enquiry into the operation of the Poor Laws
		However, it seemed that poor relief was higher in the Speenhamland counties although the system - which had been in vogue during the French Wars - often was abandoned after the 1824 Select Committee on labourers' wages.
		There is no firm evidence that poor relief or the Speenhamland system led to a growth of population.
		The north and north-west had little experience of the Speenhamland system and there were more ratepayers, so the poor rates were low.
	dspace.dial.pipex.com /town/terrace/adw03/peel/poorlaw/plcommis.htm (791 words)

	thehistorysite.co.uk - Online Interactive History (Revision)
		The justices of the peace of Berkshire met in the village of Speenhamland and decided to grant relief to supplement wages, acting under the powers conferred on them by Gilbert’s Act.
		The amount of relief was to vary with changes in the price of bread and the size of the family.
		‘The Roundsman System’ the pauper was given a ticket by the parish and he took this round to a farmer who employed him.
	www.thehistorysite.co.uk /poor_speenhamland.htm (270 words)

	THE BLOODY BIRTH OF CAPITALISM
		That force was required to clear the way for the factory system should not surprise us when we look at what the changes meant for the mass of labourers and their families who were to become the new manufacturing proletariat.
		What distinguished the new system from the old, somewhat ramshackle and regionally based parish relief which dated back to the reign of Elizabeth I, was both its near national spread and the way in which it was to become a structural element in the accelerating development of capitalist society.
		The Speenhamland system was not a mere safety net designed to save the poorest from starvation in times of economic collapse.
	pubs.socialistreviewindex.org.uk /isj70/grave.htm (5492 words)

	Full Text: Editorial
		Rural poor, both infirm and able bodied, were forced to pilfer to survive, and when caught were to be the "criminals" that populated British penal colonies.
		The "Speenhamland system" became law across the agricultural south of England until its demise in 1834
		It was also argued that the system perverted the character and resourcefulness of the English working class who could draw their gallon loafs without toil.
	www.jrheum.com /subscribers/02/03/407.html (2724 words)

	The Poor Law (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		This system was developed to 'top up' the amount earned to the level of the cost of bread.
		The Royal Commission, which exhaustively dealt with this question, unanimously condemned the Poor Law System, although there was a difference of opinion as to the new method to be substituted.
		This came to be the basis of the system ultimately adopted.
	www.institutions.org.uk /poor_law_unions/the_poor_law1.htm (2348 words)

	Overview
		This system had begun to break down: labourers earned their wages and landowners felt that having paid the wages, they had no further responsibility towards them.
		It altered the system of poor relief and insisted on the building of workhouses.
		The Act was intended to solve the problem of increasing poor rates in the rural south but attempts to superimpose it on the industrial north led to a massive anti-Poor Law Campaign, which failed.
	www.historyhome.co.uk /peel/overview.htm (1099 words)

	Chartism in Stoke-on-Trent (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Poor Laws, system of relief for the poor in England, which evolved in the 16th century in the reign of Elizabeth I and continued with various modifications until after World War II.
		These arrangements were modified by the generous Speenhamland system in the late 18th century, which gave allowances to workers whose wage was below the generally accepted subsistence level.
		The Speenhamland system was expensive to maintain, but it persisted until 1834, when a revised, much harsher (and infinitely cheaper) Poor Law was voted through parliament.
	www.thepotteries.org /chartism/poor_law.htm (230 words)

	Sirotablog: To Play the Contrarian
		In the 18th century, England dabbled with an anti-poverty program known as the Speenhamland system.
		In this system, local governments subsidized wages of low-income workers in order to guarantee subsistence level incomes.
		Now, the EITC, fortunately, is not nearly as problematic as the Speenhamland system or as a direct wage subsidy would be, in large part because as a tax credit, it's a less visible subsidy to both the business and the workers it helps.
	www.davidsirota.com /2005/11/to-play-contrarian.html (931 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)