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	Spektr module (77KSO)
		An experimental optical telescope code-named "Pion" was the heart of the Spektr payload.
		A training version of the Spektr module minus its thermal protective cover and the military payload, which was attached to the spacecraft from the left.
		The "new" tail section of the Spektr module with two additional solar arrays, which replaced its military payload, after the spacecraft was "demilitarized" in mid-1990s.
	www.russianspaceweb.com /mir_spektr.html (549 words)

	Mir - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The module moved positions on the station on July 17, 1995 to its final position by the robotic arm aboard the station.
		The second disaster left a hole in the Spektr module, which then was sealed off from the rest of the station.
		Several space walks were needed to restore full power to Mir (ironically, one of the "space walks" was inside the Spektr module from which all the air had escaped).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mir (2264 words)

	Spektr
		Spektr was a module of the Mir space station.
		Spektr was to have been a dedicated military research unit, to test sensors and systems for the Soviet Fon counterpart to the American Star Wars programme.
		The original Spektr design was to be armed with Oktava interceptor rockets and equipped with sensors to identify and track ballistic missile re-entry vehicles as well as discriminate decoys.
	www.astronautix.com /craft/spektr.htm (1363 words)

	NOVA Online \| Terror in Space \| Mir: Spektr
		The Spektr ("Spectrum") module arrived at the Mir complex in May 1995.
		Spektr is presently depressurized and isolated from the remainder of the Mir complex.
		Modifications have been made to the Spektr hatch to allow power and control cable penetrations through the hatch, while still isolating Spektr from the remaining station.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/nova/mir/spektr.html (293 words)

	Mir crew connects new cables in `internal spacewalk' (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		During the spacewalk, Wolf was in the Soyuz escape capsule in case the crew needed to evacuate quickly.
		The cosmonauts needed all their time inside the Spektr to work with the cables and could not check for the hole or holes in the Spektr module.
		The Spektr's fourth solar panel was damaged beyond repair in the space collision.
	www.chron.com /content/chronicle/world/97/10/20/spacewalk.html (640 words)

	NewStandard: 8/16/97
		The two cosmonauts and their American colleague spent about 45 minutes circling the exterior of the sprawling station in a Soyuz spacecraft, getting their first look at the punctured hull they are preparing to patch.
		The second spacewalk, outside the station on Sept. 3, is aimed at pinpointing and possibly patching the holes in the Spektr.
		The crippled Spektr module is at the lower left.
	www.southcoasttoday.com /daily/08-97/08-16-97/a11wn070.htm (711 words)

	Spektr Module (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Spektr hosted other experiments and served as the living quarters for American astronauts stayong on Mir as part of the joint Russian-American program.
		An "internal" spacewalk inside the depressurized module in August 1997 by cosmonauts Anatoly Solovyov and Pavel Vinogradov succeeded in restoring those connections, and a second internal spacewalk by them in October connected two of the panels to a computer system that allows them to be controlled remotely, so they can align with the Sun.
		A spacewalk ouside the module in September by Solovyov and Michael Foale did not locate the source of the leak, but later experiments observed by a shuttle crew just after undocking from Mir in October appear to pinpoint the source of the leak at the base of the damaged solar panel.
	www.seds.org /spaceviews/mir/display/spektr.html (256 words)

	Augusta Georgia: technology@ugusta: Mir crew prepares for venture inside airless module 10/18/97
		The Spektr was struck and pierced by a cargo ship in a June 25 collision.
		Their previous trip inside the Spektr on Aug. 22 caused safety concerns because ground controllers feared the module was littered with poisonous substances from experiments ruined in the collision.
		The remaining, fourth battery on the Spektr was damaged beyond repair in the collision.
	chronicle.augusta.com /stories/101997/tech_mirwalk.html (539 words)

	A.S. Watson Lays Out Growth Plans for Spektr
		Spektr is the market leader in the health and beauty sector in St.
		The Spektr Group was established in 1990 just before the Russian foreign investment law was introduced in the middle of 1991, which allows international enterprises to invest in the country through acquisitions.
		Spektr employs more than 500 people and offers a comprehensive range of personal care, skincare, perfumery and cosmetics, and household products of local and international brands.
	www.prnewswire.com /cgi-bin/stories.pl?ACCT=104&STORY=/www/story/02-13-2006/0004280430&EDATE= (602 words)

	Gifts of Speech - Marcia S. Smith
		NASA developed a number of life sciences and materials processing experiments that were incorporated into Spektr and Priroda, the final two modules that became part of the Mir complex in 1995 and 1996 respectively.
		Though the Russians have not ruled out the future repair of Spektr, NASA is skeptical that any such repair could be certified to ensure that another depressurization would not occur.
		Most of the life support and control equipment is in the older modules, including the main computer, oxygen generation and carbon dioxide removal systems, and gyrodynes for controlling the space station's correct orientation ("attitude") in space.
	gos.sbc.edu /s/smithms.html (3748 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Spektr's damaged solar array is visible at the lower right of the image on the left.
		He proceeded to gracefully power down the Spektr's experiments, and the crew disconnected the myriad of cables and air ducts running through the hatch.
		Mir operated without Spektr for almost 10 years, and the cosmonauts main task is to return the station to a configuration like it was a few years ago, a long time consuming process but entirely doable.
	home.comcast.net /~spacereport/pc/6-26-97PC.html (965 words)

	Shuttle-Mir History/Spacecraft/Mir Space Station/Spektr Module
		Spektr means "spectrum" and its main purpose was earth observation, including natural resources and the atmosphere.
		Launched in 1995 with more than 1600 pounds of U.S. equipment aboard, the 19.6 ton Spektr measured 12 meters by 4.4 meters, with a pressurized volume of 62 cubic meters and four solar arrays.
		On June 25, 1997, an unmanned Progress resupply vehicle collided with the Spektr module, causing damage and depressurization.
	spaceflight1.nasa.gov /history/shuttle-mir/spacecraft/s-mir-spektr-main.htm (150 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		During the collision, the aluminum hull of the Spektr module was punctured, resulting in an air leak.
		In a manner similar to damaged ships at sea, the Spektr module was quickly sealed off from the rest of MIR to maintain a livable atmosphere for the astronaut and cosmonauts.
		It is unclear where the leak occurred or the size or shape of the gash in the module.
	www.amsat.org /amsat/ftp/news/1997/ans180.txt (2215 words)

	Spektr
		EDT on June 25, 1997, Spektr was badly damaged when Progress M-34, an unmanned resupply vessel, crashed into the module during tests of the new TORU Progress guidance system.
		Spektr had served as the living quarters for U.S. astronauts aboard Mir so Mike Foale (current U.S. astronaut aboard) had to find a new place to live, all his belongings was left inside Spektr, shoes, pictures, clothes, and all the scientific discoveries was left behind.
		It involved replacing the hatch sealing Spektr from the rest of Mir with a new hatch with power cables running trough it, the cut of power cables inside Spektr was connected to the new hatch and power was again flowing from 3 of the solar panels on Spekr to rest of the station.
	home.c2i.net /jonass/engelsk/mir/problem.htm (877 words)

	Mir Cosmonauts Plug Leak
		The hatch separating Spektr from the core module is located in a small ball-shaped compartment in the front end of Mir's core module.
		Following the puncture, the docking port between the Spektr module and the PKhO transfer compartment was replaced with a special hatch.
		It allowed electrical cables that had to be cut when Spektr was sealed off after the collision to be reconnected to the rest of the station while keeping the damaged module isolated.
	www.space.com /news/spacestation/mir_leak_000420.html (785 words)

	A Customer Service Call from Mir
		On June 25 the Spektr module was damaged when it collided with an unmanned supply vessel during testing of a new automated guidance system.
		The station depressurized and lost power, and the Spektr module was hurriedly sealed off--along with most of Foale's personal belongings--to prevent depressurization of the rest of Mir.
		Back on Earth, Foale recently contacted Wolfram Research for a replacement CD for the one lost in Spektr, which this time was delivered to him without the use of a supply rocket.
	www.wolfram.com /news/mir.html (355 words)

	STS-86 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		His stay was marred by a collision June 25 between a Progress resupply vehicle and the station's Spektr module, damaging a radiator and one of four solar arrays on Spektr.
		The crew sealed the hatch to the leaking Spektr module, leaving inside FoaleÕs personal effects and several NASA science experiments, and repressurized the remaining modules.
		Following their arrival at the station Aug. 7, Mir 24 Commander Anatoly Solovyev and Flight Engineer Pavel Vinogradov conducted the internal space walk inside the depressurized Spektr module Aug. 22, reconnecting 11 power cables from the Spektr's solar arrays to a new custom-made hatch for the Spektr.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/STS-86 (1094 words)

	[No title]
		Update: Mission status briefing; Spektr leak site assessed Looking on as air was released inside the punctured Spektr module today, the Atlantis astronauts saw small particles being blown away from the base of a damaged solar array, possibly indicating the source of an elusive leak.
		Spektr's hull was punctured, but the exact site of the damage was unclear.
		When the Spektr module was sealed off in June, most of the scientific equipment used by American astronauts was sealed off as well.
	www.cbsnews.com /network/news/space/STS-86_Archive.txt (19438 words)

	Augusta Georgia: technology@ugusta: Cargo ship lifts off with repair supplies for damaged Mir 7/6/97
		Mir's Spektr module was punctured when the crew practiced docking with manual controls.
		Almost all of his belongings, down to his toothbrush, are in the damaged Spektr module and it's not clear whether Tsibliyev will have time to salvage any of them when he goes inside.
		The crew had to seal Spektr from the rest of Mir to prevent full decompression, disconnecting power cables linking the module's solar batteries to the station's power system.
	chronicle.augusta.com /stories/070697/tech_mir.html (707 words)

	[No title]
		A large hole was made in the solar panel, and one of Spektr's radiators was badly buckled.
		A small breach in Spektr's hull appears to have been made and the module began to depressurize.
		The electrical connection between Spektr's solar panels and the main station was broken off, also cutting off the power supply from the solar panels on the Kristall module.
	www.planet4589.org /space/jsr/back/news.325 (659 words)

	Space disaster - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		1997 June 25: collision in space: At Mir during a re-docking test with the Progress-M 34 cargo freighter, the Progress collided with the Spektr module and solar arrays of the Mir space station.
		This damaged the solar arrays and the collision punctured a hole in Spektr module and the space station began depressurizing.
		The on-board crew of two Russians and one visiting NASA astronaut were able to close off the Spektr module from the rest of Mir after quickly cutting cables and hoses blocking hatch closure.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/List_of_space_disasters (4655 words)

	NewStandard: 10/21/97
		The Spektr's computer went down in the June collision, and has been unable to keep the solar panels pointed directly toward the sun.
		The full result of their work will not be known until later in the week, when the crew connects the cables to the computer.
		The Spektr's fourth solar panel was damaged beyond repair in the June collision.
	www.s-t.com /daily/10-97/10-21-97/a02wn013.htm (636 words)

	Shuttle-Mir History/Shuttle Flights & Mir Increments/Foale Increment/The Collision
		Later reports from the crew indicated that during the redocking of the ship, Progress struck a solar array and a nearby radiator on the Spektr module.
		A Soyuz capsule attached to the Mir for use by the cosmonauts to return to Earth was not damaged in the collision.
		The station was initially spinning at approximately 1 degree per second due to the collision, but the spin is now stopped and the Mir is in a stable configuration.
	spaceflight.nasa.gov /history/shuttle-mir/history/h-f-foale-collision.htm (658 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Due to force applied to the panel's rigid structure, a leak appeared in Spektr and by now, it is depressurized to zero and is considered lost.
		Of two hatches between Core Module and Spektr, only the hatch in the docking compartnent of the Core Module was closed.
		Due to loss of electric power from Spektr, voltage in the Core, Kvant-2 and Kristall modules is low and more and more systems are being shut down, with the exception of the Vozdukh CO2 removing apparatus.
	home.comcast.net /~spacereport/pc/6-25-97PC.html (245 words)

	Spektr Kustannus Oy
		After buying publishing rights to Spektr magazine from Kanneltieto Oy, the firm continued the development and publishing of the magazine.
		The magazine is distributed throughout the country through different channels, the most important places being borders and immigration posts, Moscow, St. Petersburg, Murmansk and Petroskoy's Finnish consultation departments, trains coming to Finland from Russia, airports and busses, hotels and travelling centres, department stores around Finland, Russian organizations, employment agencies and social security departments.
		That's how our Spektr magazine was born, which became like my third child - possibly the most demanding of the three.
	www.spektr.net /kustannus/en.html (991 words)

	Space Station MIR: SPEKTR
		Launched on a Russian Proton rocket from the Baikonur launch center in central Asia, Spektr was lofted into orbit on May 20, 1995.
		The module was berthed at the radial port opposite Kvant-2 after Kristall was moved out of the way.
		Spektr carries four solar arrays and scientific equipment (including more than 1600 pounds of U.S. equipment).
	www.ik1sld.org /spektr.htm (105 words)

	Primary and Backup Oxygen Generators Aboard Mir Fail
		The other main generator had been idle since an unmanned cargo vessel crashed into Mir on June 25, puncturing the space station's Spektr research module and forcing the crew to disconnect electrical cables within the module that had supplied Mir with about 50 percent of its power.
		During Friday's repair operation, the two cosmonauts were unable to spot any holes from inside the module; previously, officials had said that the rate of decompression inside Spektr after the collision suggested a small hole, about an inch and a half in diameter, in the hull.
		Koptev was quoted as saying the cosmonauts could not see the damage from inside Spektr because they were working in the dark but that the punctures would be evident from outside the craft.
	www-tech.mit.edu /V117/N35/mir.35w.html (770 words)

	A.S. Watson Acquires Russian Health & Beauty Chain Spektr
		Spektr Group was established in 1990 and is the market leader in health and beauty retail in St. Petersburg.
		Its retail sector is expected to report double digit growth in the next few years including an estimate of 15% increase of retail sales in 2005.** A.S. Watson will take over the Specktr operation in the next few months.
		The existing management of Spektr will continue to run the operations on a day-to-day basis with additional resources and international expertise injected by A.S. Watson Group.
	www.prnewswire.com /cgi-bin/stories.pl?ACCT=104&STORY=/www/story/10-03-2005/0004158063&EDATE= (623 words)

	CNN - Spacewalk aims to refocus solar panels - Oct. 20, 1997
		The Spektr module was sealed off after an unmanned Progress supply ship crashed into it on June 25.
		But Spektr's insides, badly damaged and sealed off from the rest of the station since the accident, are no more hospitable than outside.
		In the scheduled five-hour spacewalk, the cosmonauts plan to open the hatch to Spektr and find the control cables for the working solar panels, cables that were hastily cut when Spektr's hatch had to be closed after the accident.
	www.cnn.com /TECH/9710/20/mir.spacewalk (649 words)

	U.S. denies planned spacewalk to Mir's Spektr module is risky (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		According to Harbaugh, the task will involve a "straightforward" operation to reconnect electric cables in Spektr's solar panels to the spaceship's central electric system.
		During the operation, mission commander Anatoli Solovev will slide into Spektr, which was punctured and depressurized in a near-catastrophic collision with an incoming cargo vessel on June 25, while his teammate remains in the airlock separating the module from Mir's central body.
		It is still not clear how many holes were made in Spektr's hull, or even what caused the accident.
	www.chron.com /content/chronicle/world/97/08/21/mir1.html (325 words)

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