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Topic: Spermatozoa

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	Spermatozoa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Spermatozoa were the first mammalian cell-type to be routinely cryopreserved with the initial therapeutic use of cryopreserved sperm being reported in 1953.
		If similar modifications were applied to the cryopreservation of spermatozoa it would be expected that the recovery of samples would be compromised and it is therefore important to modify freezing techniques to minimise the effect of any changes in procedure.
		Several distinct membrane structures occur in spermatozoa and the plasma membrane itself is a complex structure with considerable heterogeneity.
	www.asymptote.co.uk /process/cryo/cryoguide/report/protocols/sperm.htm (2018 words)

	UNSW Embryo- Acrosome OMIM ENTRY 102530
		(1977) observed acrosome malformations of spermatids and spermatozoa in the testes of 2 infertile males who were investigated by light and electron microscopy.
		Defective differentiation of the acrosome granule in spermatids appeared to be responsible for the malformation of mature spermatozoa.
		In Friesian bulls, a characteristic defect of the acrosome ('knobbed' spermatozoa) associated with sterility appears to be autosomal recessive.
	embryology.med.unsw.edu.au /OMIMfind/fert/102530.htm (534 words)

	IP21 / BOVINE SPERMATOZOA CYTOTOXICITY TEST
		The cytotoxic effect of test compounds on bovine spermatozoa is determined by the measurement of spermatozoa motility and velocity using videomicrography and automatic computer analysis, and ATP contents.
		An important prerequisite for the use of spermatozoa is a method for fast, objective and reproducible measurements of motion parameters.
		Seibert, H., Kolossa, M. and Wasserman, O. (1989) Bovine spermatozoa as an in vitro model for studies on the cytotoxicity of chemicals: Effects of chlorophenols.
	embryo.ib.amwaw.edu.pl /invittox/prot/21.htm (1238 words)

	Relationships between Seminal Plasma Proteins and Boar Fertility:
		The total number of spermatozoa per ejaculate was monitored until the boars were 24 months of age.
		The total number of spermatozoa per ejaculate was analyzed with analysis of variance procedures for repeated measures in a factorial arrangement of treatments (Gill and Hafs, 1971).
		This is evident in that the adult plateau in total spermatozoa per ejaculate occurred between 10 and 11 months of age for those first collected at 190 days of age and between 13 and 14 months of age for those first collected at 160 days of age.
	mark.asci.ncsu.edu /swinereports/2001/05physflow.htm (1216 words)

	Immunolocalization of A1 Adenosine Receptors in Mammalian Spermatozoa -- Minelli et al. 48 (9): 1163 -- Journal of ...
		Spermatozoa were adhered to glass coverslips, rinsed in PBS, and fixed with methanol at -20C for 3 min or with 4% paraformaldehyde.
		Spermatozoa treated with PC21 (120 µg/ml) and goat anti-rabbit IgG–gold conjugate (10 nm) as described in Materials and Methods were embedded in Epon–Araldite and observed in a transmission electron microscope.
		responsiveness of the spermatozoa to the spontaneous acrosome
	www.jhc.org /cgi/content/full/48/9/1163 (3657 words)

	* Spermatozoa - (Sexuality): Definition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The combination of spermatozoa, seminal vesicle fluid and prostatic fluid, in addition to a tiny amount of fluid from some minor glands, constitutes semen...
		Pre-seminal fluid is nature's way of moistening the canal of the urethra so that the spermatozoa can swim more easily out of it; it also lubricates the head of the penis...
		The combination of spermatozoa, seminal vesicle fluid and prostatic fluid, in addition to a tiny amount of fluid from some minor glands,...
	www.bestknows.com /sexuality/spermatozoa.html (446 words)

	Detection of Aneuploidy in Human Spermatozoa of Normal Semen Donors by Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The frequency of spermatozoa with 0, 1, or 2 red and 0, 1, or 2 green signals was determined.
		When spermatozoa with no signals or with just one signal (either green or red) were considered as signs of poor hybridization, the average efficiency was 98.8% (Table 1).
		The frequency of spermatozoa lacking a chromosome 1 signal was 2.3+/-1.7/10,000 and the frequency of spermatozoa lacking a chromosome 7 signal was 7.3+/-3.9/10,000.
	ehp.niehs.nih.gov /members/1996/Suppl-3/629-632lahdetie/lahdetie-full.html (2775 words)

	Angiotensin II induces acrosomal exocytosis in bovine spermatozoa -- Gur et al. 275 (1): 87 -- AJP - Endocrinology and ...
		The acrosome reaction was determined by measuring the release of acrosin from bovine spermatozoa and by staining with PSA.
		capacitated bovine spermatozoa by the zona pellucida (8).
		) on acrosin release from capacitated bovine spermatozoa.
	ajpendo.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/275/1/E87 (3431 words)

	Bruemmer et al., January 2002 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Spermatozoa incubated with 0, 2, 3.5, or 5 mM pyruvate for 48 h at 5°C and then an additional 4 h at 25°C, exhibited similar percentages of progressively motile cells (31, 35, and 28%, respectively) that were higher than control (11%, P < 0.05).
		Stallion spermatozoa cooled for 48 h tend to be both less motile or fertile than spermatozoa cooled for only 24 h or used fresh.
		The addition of pyruvate to stallion spermatozoa cooled for 48 h is effective at maintaining spermatozoal motility and fertilizing capability.
	www.asas.org /jas/abs/2002/a0210012.htm (449 words)

	Title page for ETD etd-0405103-193813 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In Experiment I, spermatozoa from 15 pairs of epididymides were suspended in glycerol, frozen as pellets of 10, 50, 100, or 200 µl volumes, and thawed by dilution with TALP (Tyrode’s solution plus albumin, lactate, pyruvate).
		In Experiment II, spermatozoa from 16 pairs of epididymides were suspended in glycerol, dimethyl sulfoxide, or ethylene glycol, frozen as 100 µl pellets, and thawed by dilution with TALP, canine capacitation medium (CCM), or 3% sodium citrate solution.
		Ejaculated spermatozoa exhibited survival and zona-binding capacity similar to that of epididymal spermatozoa, and there was little variation in the survival of ejaculated spermatozoa from an individual dog.
	etd.lsu.edu /docs/available/etd-0405103-193813 (347 words)

	12. PRESERVATION OF SPERMATOZOA AND OVA
		Osmotic pressure, pH, and ionic content of the medium, particularly calcium, may be important in the activation of spermatozoa (Sundararaj and Nayyar, 1969c; Nayyar and Sundararaj, 1970a; Hines and Yashouv, 1971).
		The duration of activity of spermatozoa varies with the species and is generally not longer than a couple of minutes (see Harvey and Hoar, 1979).
		Since cryopreservation requires liquid nitrogen, fish spermatozoa may be frozen, like those of cattle and livestock at artificial insemination centres using the same facilities.
	www.fao.org /docrep/X5742E/x5742e0d.htm (829 words)

	Relationships between computerized measurements of motion of frozen-thawed bull spermatozoa and fertility -- Budworth ...
		Relationships between computerized measurements of motion of frozen-thawed bull spermatozoa and fertility -- Budworth et al.
		equal to 20 microns/sec) and linear velocity of motile spermatozoa.
		spermatozoa was similar for each mixture (P greater than 0.05).
	www.andrologyjournal.org /cgi/content/abstract/9/1/41 (465 words)

	Leeuwenhoek and spermatozoa
		Besides the spermatozoa, Leeuwenhoek claimed to see in the thicker part of the semen a large variety of microscopic vessels, and he was persuaded that they were nerves, arteries, and veins.
		He did not yet associate the spermatozoa with impregnation, however, or even intrinsically with the semen itself, since he believed during his early observations that they arose not with the microscopic vessels in the testicles but separately within the "male member" (29).
		If spermatozoa were really seedsthat were nourished by the egg and uterus, then he might be able to make the structural comparison between plant seeds and their animal (spermatic) counterpart.
	zygote.swarthmore.edu /fert1a.html (5614 words)

	Vitronectin is sequestered within human spermatozoa and liberated following the acrosome reaction -- Bronson et al. 6 ...
		Dead spermatozoa were excluded from analysis through their uptake of the fluorescent dye 7-aminoactinomycin D. Marker sets within the histogram that were considered negative and positive were determined by using the isotype-specific control antibody (MOPC21), as previously described (Bronson et al., 1999a
		observed to be acrosome-reacted, a population of spermatozoa
		of spermatozoa from this population to acrosome react in response
	molehr.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/6/11/977 (3402 words)

	The Human "Prion-like" Protein Doppel Is Expressed in Both Sertoli Cells and Spermatozoa -- Peoc'h et al. 277 (45): ...
		on mature spermatozoa was investigated by FACS analysis with Dop151 (1:25 dilution) and SAF70 (1:50 dilution), respectively.
		in the testis and at the surface of spermatozoa.
		at the surface of mature spermatozoa is of physiological relevance.
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/277/45/43071 (5769 words)

	HIV particles detected in spermatozoa of patients with AIDS.
		In this paper the Authors describe the presence of HIV particles on and in mature spermatozoa either ejaculated by AIDS patients or incubated in vitro with HIV.
		In the in vitro infected spermatozoa, only membrane enveloped nucleoids are present, and no process of budding can be found.
		The presence of the HIV virus in spermatozoa is substantiated by labelling with monoclonal or polyclonal anti-HIV antibodies.
	www.aegis.com /aidsline/1991/oct/M91A0606.html (387 words)

	The incidence of spontaneous acrosome reaction in homogeneous populations of hyperactivated human spermatozoa -- Green ...
		The incidence of spontaneous acrosome reaction in homogeneous populations of hyperactivated human spermatozoa -- Green et al.
		The incidence of spontaneous acrosome reaction in homogeneous populations of hyperactivated human spermatozoa
		Mortimer, S.T., Swan, M.A. and Mortimer, D. (1998) Effect of seminal plasma on capacitation and hyperactivation in human spermatozoa.
	humrep.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/14/7/1819 (2303 words)

	Separation of Motile Populations of Spermatozoa Prior to Freezing Is Beneficial for Subsequent Fertilization In Vitro: ...
		Separation of Motile Populations of Spermatozoa Prior to Freezing Is Beneficial for Subsequent Fertilization In Vitro: A Study with Various Mouse Strains -- Szczygiel et al.
		motile populations of spermatozoa are separated for freezing.
		The fertility of cryopreserved spermatozoa as assayed by IVF
	www.biolreprod.org /cgi/content/full/67/1/287 (3715 words)

	Porins and Lipopolysaccharide Induce Apoptosis in Human Spermatozoa -- Gorga et al. 8 (1): 206 -- Clinical and ...
		spermatozoa 11 and may lead to reduced fertility or sterility.
		the spermatozoa due to the loss of membrane integrity 20.
		Isolation of a spermatozoa immobilization factor from Escherichia coli.
	cdli.asm.org /cgi/content/full/8/1/206 (1588 words)

	Coincubation of Human Spermatozoa with Chlamydia trachomatis In Vitro Causes Increased Tyrosine Phosphorylation of ...
		Spermatozoa were either used immediately (noncapacitated), capacitated on a shaker for 3 h at 37°C in 5% CO in air, or capacitated
		Displayed are representative examples of the major fluorescence pattern typically observed in capacitated spermatozoa (B) and spermatozoa capacitated in the presence of serovar E (D).
		Fully capacitated human spermatozoa display a distinctive vigorous hyperactivated motility which increases their thrust (6).
	iai.asm.org /cgi/content/full/68/9/4872 (3052 words)

	Progesterone promotes the acrosome reaction in capacitated human spermatozoa as judged by flow cytometry and CD46 ...
		Spermatozoa were washed with 2 ml of PBS.
		Dead spermatozoa were excluded from analysis through their uptake of the fluorescent dye 7-AAD.
		Spermatozoa submitted for flow cytometric analysis were concurrently fixed with paraformaldehyde, air-dried on slides, mounted in Slow Fade and observed by combined laser confocal and bright field microscopy.
	molehr.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/5/6/507 (3792 words)

	Male Reproductive 1
		The primary function of the male reproductive system is reproduction, which includes the production of spermatozoa, the transportation of spermatozoa from the testes out of the male body, the secretion by glands, and the placement of spermatozoa in the female reproductive tract.
		Spermatozoa are produced in the testes then transported from the testes by a series of ducts which become gradually larger and connect with the urethra of the penis.
		The testis (plural, testes) is both an exocrine organ (compound, coiled, tubular gland) producing cells, i.e., spermatozoa, and an endocrine organ, secreting hormones, i.e., testosterone.
	www.cvm.okstate.edu /instruction/mm_curr/histology/MR/himrp1.htm (275 words)

	Cholesterol Efflux Alters Lipid Raft Stability and Distribution During Capacitation of Boar Spermatozoa -- Shadan et ...
		A) Spermatozoa were incubated in the presence of 0– 20 mM MBCD for 180 min at 38°C, proteins extracted and analyzed by SDS-PAGE/Western blotting with 4G10 McAb.
		Spermatozoa were incubated in TALP medium containing 0 mM, 0.5 mM, and 5 mM MBCD for 60 min at 38°C and stained with FITC-CTXB.
		Spermatozoa were incubated in HMB medium containing 0 mM, 0.5 mM, and 6 mM MBCD for 180 min at 37° and stained with FITC-CTXB.
	www.biolreprod.com /cgi/content/full/71/1/253 (7990 words)

	Induced hyperactivity in boar spermatozoa and its evaluation by computer-assisted sperm analysis -- Schmidt and Kamp ...
		Induced hyperactivity in boar spermatozoa and its evaluation by computer-assisted sperm analysis -- Schmidt and Kamp 128 (2): 171 -- Reproduction
		Articles by Schmidt, H. Articles by Kamp, G. Induced hyperactivity in boar spermatozoa and its evaluation by computer-assisted sperm analysis
		spermatozoa were stimulated to hyperactivity by 50 µmol
	www.reproduction-online.org /cgi/content/abstract/128/2/171 (354 words)

	Acephalic spermatozoa and abnormal development of the head—neck attachment: a human syndrome of genetic origin -- ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Acephalic spermatozoa and abnormal development of the head—neck attachment: a human syndrome of genetic origin -- Chemes et al.
		Acephalic spermatozoa and abnormal development of the head–neck attachment: a human syndrome of genetic origin
		Perotti, M.E. and Gioria, M. (1981) Fine structure and morphogenesis of `headless' human spermatozoa associated with infertility.
	humrep.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/14/7/1811 (3203 words)

	Reverse Transcriptase Activity in Mature Spermatozoa of Mouse -- Giordano et al. 148 (6): 1107 -- The Journal of Cell ...
		Spermatozoa aliquots were incubated with 45, 90, 180, 360, and 720 ng of poliovirus RNA.
		After 30 min, spermatozoa from each incubation mixture were washed and divided in two aliquots.
		The first one was dissolved in soluene/toluene scintillation cocktail and counted to measure the RNA uptake; the second aliquot was used for nuclei purification, then treated and counted as for whole cells to measure nuclear internalization.
	www.jcb.org /cgi/content/full/148/6/1107 (3643 words)

	Angiotensin II stimulates cAMP production and protein tyrosine phosphorylation in mouse spermatozoa -- Mededovic and ...
		Staining in the acrosomal cap region, the neck and the flagellum can be seen in (a) uncapacitated mouse, (b) capacitated mouse and (c) uncapacitated human spermatozoa.
		Figure 4 Relative intensity of fluorescence indicating presence of tyrosine phosphoproteins in uncapacitated mouse spermatozoa.
		In (a), capacitated suspensions were treated with (i) nothing (Con) or (ii) 100 nM FPP or 10 nM AII for 10 min and assessed.
	www.reproduction-online.org /cgi/content/full/127/5/601 (6524 words)

	Immunolocalization of Sperm Protein 17 in Human Testis and Ejaculated Spermatozoa -- Grizzi et al. 51 (9): 1245 -- ...
		Immunolocalization of Sperm Protein 17 in Human Testis and Ejaculated Spermatozoa -- Grizzi et al.
		spermatozoa was investigated by using a self-produced recombinant
		spermatozoa were cytocentrifuged for 1 min at 800 rpm on a glass
	www.jhc.org /cgi/content/full/51/9/1245 (2154 words)

	Process and apparatus for sorting spermatozoa (US5514537)
		A method and apparatus are disclosed for the mechanical sorting of mammalian spermatozoa by sex-type, into a fraction enriched in X-chromosome-bearing spermatozoa, and a fraction enriched in Y-chromosome-bearing spermatozoa.
		Because of their different DNA content, Y-chromosome spermatozoa are slightly smaller than X-chromosome spermatozoa.
		The size of the smaller beads is chosen such that, on average, Y-chromosome spermatozoa will readily fit into the interstices between the smaller beads, while X-chromosome spermatozoa, on average, will not readily fit into those interstices.
	www.delphion.com /details?&pn=US05514537__ (535 words)

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