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Topic: Spermine

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	Spermine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Spermine is a polyamine involved in cellular metabolism found in all eukaryotic cells.
		Formed from spermidine, it is found in a wide variety of organisms and tissues and is an essential growth factor in some bacteria.
		Spermine is associated with nucleic acids and is thought to stabilize helical structure, particularly in viruses.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Spermine (224 words)

	On the mechanism of spermine transport in liver mitochondria. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Spermine penetrates the mitochondrial matrix at significant rates which increase sharply and non-ohmically with membrane potential.
		In this respect, spermine uptake is qualitatively similar to that of other cations whose electrophoretic transport has been studied in mitochondria.
		The slope of the spermine plot is half that predicted by such a leak pathway, raising the possibility that spermine may cross the inner membrane by means of a channel.
	web.pdx.edu /~garlid/tmssg1988.html (231 words)

	Spermidine but not spermine is essential for hypusine biosynthesis and growth in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Spermine is ...
		Spermidine but not spermine is essential for hypusine biosynthesis and growth in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Spermine is converted to spermidine in vivo by the FMS1-amine oxidase -- Chattopadhyay et al.
		We have quantified the conversion of spermine in vivo and have
		Spermine cannot be used for hypusine or eIF5A modification unless it is converted to spermidine.
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/100/24/13869 (3163 words)

	Spermine Synthesis Is Required for Normal Viability, Growth, and Fertility in the Mouse -- Wang et al. 279 (49): 51370 ...
		Spermine Synthesis Is Required for Normal Viability, Growth, and Fertility in the Mouse -- Wang et al.
		Spermine synthase activity in Gy and Gy-CAG/SpmS mice Results are shown as mean ± S.D. Activity was measured in 1-month-old mice.
		The transgenic provision of spermine synthase and thus of spermine
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/279/49/51370 (3983 words)

	Interhelical Spacing in Liquid Crystalline Spermine and Spermidine-DNA Precipitates -- Raspaud et al. 88 (1): 392 -- ...
		) for the precipitation of DNA fragments by spermine.
		For these samples, the ratio between the spermine salt concentration and the total DNA phosphate concentration, scaled on the upper x axis, is set to the constant value 1/6.
		the chloride co-ions tend to surround the spermine cations.
	www.biophysj.org /cgi/content/full/88/1/392 (6282 words)

	Spermine and Arcaine Block and Permeate N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Channels -- Araneda et al. 76 (6): 2899 -- ...
		spermine is a polyvalent cation at physiological pH (Morris and
		mM for spermine and 0.78 mM for arcaine.
		The polyamines spermine, spermidine, and putrescine are present in neurons and, upon depolarization, are released from presynaptic
	www.biophysj.org /cgi/content/full/76/6/2899 (6686 words)

	Spermine Block of the Strong Inward Rectifier Potassium Channel Kir2.1: Dual Roles of Surface Charge Screening and Pore ...
		mM spermine, and at -20 mV at 0.1 mM spermine.
		to that in the absence of 1 mM spermine.
		At -40 mV (middle) in the presence of 100 µM spermine, and at -20 mV (left) in the presence of 1 mM spermine, however, open channel noise is increased.
	www.jgp.org /cgi/content/full/120/1/53 (6959 words)

	prostate_cancer
		Roy finally identified the inhibitor as spermine a naturally occurring member of the polyamine family that is particularly abundant in the prostate.
		She showed that a protein called antizyme was induced by spermine in prostate cancer cells that were inhibited by spermine.
		These results suggest that the induction of antizyme by spermine treatment is responsible for the growth inhibitory effects of spermine on prostate cancer cells (Koike C, Chau DT, Zetter BR.
	www.zetterlab.org /research/prostate_cancer.html (1585 words)

	Spermine, a Natural Polyamine, Suppresses LFA-1 Expression on Human Lymphocyte -- Soda et al. 175 (1): 237 -- The ...
		Spermine and spermidine, but not putrescine, suppress CD11a and CD18 MFIs on cells in the lymphocyte light-scattered region in a dose- and time-dependent manner.
		Spermine suppression of CD11a MFI was due to the decrease of cells expressing bright CD11a.
		Spermine inhibits proinflammatory cytokine synthesis in human mononuclear cells: a counterregulatory mechanism that restrains the immune response.
	www.jimmunol.org /cgi/content/full/175/1/237 (5576 words)

	Spermine Mediates Inward Rectification in Potassium Channels of Turtle Retinal Muller Cells -- Solessio et al. 85 (4): ...
		Spermine blocked the outward currents to the same extent, regardless of holding potential.
		The pedestal levels are not altered, although spermine induces a significant hyperpolarizing shift of the conductance and thereby causes an extension of the range covered by the pedestal.
		Ishihara K, Masayasu H, and Ochi R. The tetravalent organic cation spermine causes gating of the IRK1 channel expressed in murine fibroblasts.
	jn.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/85/4/1357 (7420 words)

	Spermidine and spermine synthesis - Polyamines, nonprotein amino acids and alkaloids - HORT640 - Metabolic Plant ...
		Further condensation of spermidine with decarboxylated SAM, catalyzed by spermine synthase [EC 2.5.1.22], produces the tetramine, spermine (Flores et al, 1989).
		Recently, the assumption that spermidine synthase and spermine synthase are two separate enzymes in plants, has been questioned (Bagga et al, 1997).
		The putrescine aminopropyltransferase of alfalfa may be responsible not only for spermidine and spermine synthesis, but also the synthesis of the uncommon polyamines, thermospermine, homocaldopentamine and homocaldohexamine (Bagga et al, 1997).
	www.hort.purdue.edu /rhodcv/hort640c/polyam/po00002.htm (339 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| Polyamine stress at high pH in Escherichia coliK-12
		At pH 2, 10 mM spermine increased survival by 2-fold, and putrescine increased survival by 30%.
		Nevertheless, uptake of exogenous spermine fullfills the bacterial requirement for polyamines [4,5].
		Growth rates were observed in the presence and absence of spermine at pH 5.5, 7.0, or 8.5 (Figure 2).
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-2180/5/59 (3777 words)

	BioCarta - Charting Pathways of Life
		The polyamines spermidine and spermine are expressed in a variety of tissues and are involved in the regulation of apoptosis, cellular proliferation, and progression through the cell cycle.
		Depletion of polyamines appears to reduce cell growth, and increased polyamine expression is associated with the cancer development and progression, making polyamine biosynthesis a target for the control of cancer.
		As positively charged amines, spermine and spermidine interact with DNA and may exert some of their effects through this interaction.
	www.biocarta.com /pathfiles/spermidinePathway.asp (165 words)

	Neuronal Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Are Blocked by Intracellular Spermine in a Voltage-Dependent Manner -- ...
		by spermine of native SCG nAChRs increases as the membrane is
		in the absence and the presence of extracellular spermine.
		is in equilibrium with the intracellular free spermine (Gilad
	www.jneurosci.org /cgi/content/full/18/11/4050 (5600 words)

	[Frontiers in Bioscience 2, a26-30, September 15, 1997]
		Kinetic measurement indicated that upon addition of 2 mM spermine, the Km value of NII kinase for alpha-casein was reduced by 11% to 0.76 mg/ml but Vmax was almost doubled to 10.4 pmols/min (data not shown).
		Interestingly the addition of spermine to the assay mixture reversed the inhibitory effects of poly (A) and cal thymus DNA, but not that of poly (U), indicating that factors other than counterion interaction were involved in the action of spermine.
		Spermine had a slight stimulatory effect and heparin had a slight inhibitory effect on the action of NII kinase on hnRNP phosphorylation (Figure 3, lanes D and E vs C).
	www.bioscience.org /1997/v2/a/chen/4.htm (1385 words)

	cGMP/Protein Kinase G-Dependent Potentiation of Glutamatergic Transmission Induced by Nitric Oxide in Immature Rat ...
		Role of PKG in the SIN-1- and spermine NONOate-induced increase in the amplitude of EPSCs.
		C, effects of spermine NONOate (100 µM) on the PPF ratio calculated from the responses to paired-pulse stimulation with an interpulse interval of 30 ms.
		of the amplitude of EPSCs induced by spermine NONOate (100
	molpharm.aspetjournals.org /cgi/content/full/64/2/521 (6486 words)

	Exon 5 and Spermine Regulate Deactivation of NMDA Receptor Subtypes -- Rumbaugh et al. 83 (3): 1300 -- Journal of ...
		Exon 5 and Spermine Regulate Deactivation of NMDA Receptor Subtypes -- Rumbaugh et al.
		Exon 5 and Spermine Regulate Deactivation of NMDA Receptor Subtypes.
		of spermine on deactivation of NMDA responses from distinct recombinant
	jn.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/83/3/1300 (3647 words)

	Woster, P
		U.S.A. Hibasami, H., Borchardt, R.T., Chen, S.-Y., Coward, J.K. and Pegg, A.E. Studies of inhibition of rat spermidine synthase and spermine synthase.
		Isolation and characterization of spermine synthase from bovine brain.
		Tabor, H. and Tabor, C.W. Biosynthesis and metabolism of 1,4-diaminobutane, spermidine, spermine, and related amines.
	w3.balikesir.edu.tr /~kbalci/spermine.htm (1345 words)

	Vitreous polyamines spermidine, putrescine, and spermine in human proliferative disorders of the retina -- Nicoletti et ...
		Vitreous polyamines spermidine, putrescine, and spermine in human proliferative disorders of the retina -- Nicoletti et al.
		Vitreous polyamines spermidine, putrescine, and spermine in human proliferative disorders of the retina
		spermine was not detectable in the vitreous of control subjects.
	bjo.bmj.com /cgi/content/full/87/8/1038 (3310 words)

	Dietary Spermidine and Spermine Participate in the Maturation of Galactosyltransferase Activity and Glycoprotein ...
		Dietary Spermidine and Spermine Participate in the Maturation of Galactosyltransferase Activity and Glycoprotein Galactosylation in Rat Small Intestine -- Gréco et al.
		The galactoprotein detection was performed by lectins in the brush border membranes of the control rats (C), putrescine- (P), spermidine- (Sd) and spermine- (Sm)-treated rats.
		spermine induced a precocious increase in the O-glycan: ß-1,3-galactosyltransferase
	jn.nutrition.org /cgi/content/full/131/7/1890 (5550 words)

	Screening for Modulators of Spermine Tolerance Identifies Sky1, the SR Protein Kinase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, as a ...
		Yeast strains containing a disruption of three of the four indicated ORFs were tested for spermine tolerance by streaking on YPD agar plates containing 1.5 mM spermine (Spm).
		The expression of wild-type Sky1 protein and of the catalytically inactive K187A mutant protein was determined by Western blot analysis using anti-HA antibodies as described in the text.
		Spermine tolerance of the resulting transformants was determined by drop tests in MLSC plates containing 1.5 mM spermine and SC plates containing 0.2 M LiCl.
	mcb.asm.org /cgi/content/full/21/1/175 (5205 words)

	IngentaConnect Intestinal effects of long-lasting spermine ingestion by suckling... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Spermine ingestion induces the precocious maturation of the small intestine in suckling rats.
		The first step is the elimination of immature enterocytes (4–10 h post spermine ingestion) and the second step is the replacement of previous immature cells by adult-type enterocytes (2–3 days post initial spermine administration).
		Our results indicate that extension of spermine administration does not prevent some parameters (sucrase and maltase specific activities) reverting to a typical ‘immature’ value while others remain at a typical ‘mature’ level (mucosal weight and lactase specific activity).
	www.ingentaconnect.com /content/bsc/eph/2005/00000090/00000006/art00013 (253 words)

	Localization of spermine binding sites in 23S rRNA by photoaffinity labeling: parsing the spermine contribution to ...
		To a fixed amount of pre-translocation complex, increasing concentrations of spermine were added and translocation was allowed to proceed for 10 min at 25°C.) Dependence of translocation on EFG concentration.
		Pre-translocation complex was incubated with different amounts of EFG for 1 min at 25°C (open circles) in the absence or (filled circles) in the presence of 50 µM spermine.
		Spermine is the parent compound of a large number of synthetic
	nar.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/33/9/2792 (7292 words)

	Spermine Is Fit to Block Inward Rectifier (Kir) Channels -- Stanfield and Sutcliffe 122 (5): 481 -- The Journal of ...
		Spermine Is Fit to Block Inward Rectifier (Kir) Channels -- Stanfield and Sutcliffe 122 (5): 481 -- The Journal of General Physiology
		on spermine is partly responsible for this high observed valence,
		Spermine interacts much more strongly than does any bis-amine.
	www.jgp.org /cgi/content/full/122/5/481 (2097 words)

	Intestinal effects of long-lasting spermine ingestion by suckling rats -- Deloyer et al. 90 (6): 901 -- Experimental ...
		Intestinal effects of long-lasting spermine ingestion by suckling rats -- Deloyer et al.
		Spermine ingestion induces the precocious maturation of the
		maturation is reversible when spermine administration is stopped.
	ep.physoc.org /cgi/content/abstract/90/6/901 (239 words)

	UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entry Q12455 [SPSY_YEAST] Spermine synthase
		Hamasaki-Katagiri N. Katagiri Y. Tabor C.W. Tabor H. "Spermine is not essential for growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: identification of the SPE4 gene (spermine synthase) and characterization of a spe4 deletion mutant.";
		Molecular function: spermine synthase activity (inferred from mutant phenotype from SGD).
		Biological process: spermine biosynthesis (inferred from mutant phenotype from SGD).
	www.expasy.org /uniprot/SPSY_YEAST (258 words)

	Spermine Oxidation Induced by Helicobacter pylori Results in Apoptosis and DNA Damage: Implications for Gastric ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Spermine Oxidation Induced by Helicobacter pylori Results in Apoptosis and DNA Damage: Implications for Gastric Carcinogenesis -- Xu et al.
		Spermine Oxidation Induced by Helicobacter pylori Results in Apoptosis and DNA Damage
		Vujcic S, Diegelman P, Bacchi CJ, Kramer DL, Porter CW Identification and characterization of a novel flavin-containing spermine oxidase of mammalian cell origin.
	cancerres.aacrjournals.org /cgi/content/full/64/23/8521 (3095 words)

	An acidic amino acid in the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor that is important for spermine stimulation -- Williams et al. ...
		An acidic amino acid in the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor that is important for spermine stimulation -- Williams et al.
		Articles by Williams, K. Articles by Igarashi, K. An acidic amino acid in the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor that is important for spermine stimulation
		NR2B(E353Q) had no effect on sensitivity to spermine, pH, or ifenprodil.
	molpharm.aspetjournals.org /cgi/content/abstract/48/6/1087 (686 words)

	Structures of wild-type and mutant human spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase, a potential therapeutic drug target ...
		of spermidine and spermine triggers export or degradation.
		the observation that preincubation with an excess of spermine
		CoA or AcCoA, 1 mM spermine or BE-3-3-3.
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/103/7/2063 (4596 words)

	Disrupted Spermine Homeostasis: A Novel Mechanism in Polyglutamine-Mediated Aggregation and Cell Death -- Colton et al. ...
		Disrupted Spermine Homeostasis: A Novel Mechanism in Polyglutamine-Mediated Aggregation and Cell Death -- Colton et al.
		Spermine increases aggregation of a thioredoxin-polyglutamine fusion protein, thio-Q62, in a cell-free assay.
		Mackintosh C, Pegg A (2003) Effect of spermine synthase deficiency on polyamine biosynthesis and content in mice and embryonic fibroblasts, and the sensitivity of fibroblasts to 1,3-bis-(2-chloroethyl)-N-nitrosourea.
	www.jneurosci.org /cgi/content/full/24/32/7118 (6171 words)

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