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Sphingolipid - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Sphingolipids are a class of lipids derived from the aliphatic amino alcohol sphingosine. There are three main types of sphingolipids: ceramides, sphingomyelins, and glycosphingolipids, which differ in the substituents on their head group (see image). The first feature depends mainly on the physical properties of the sphingolipids, whereas signaling involves specific interactions of the glycan structures of glycosphingolipids with similar lipids present on neighboring cells or with proteins. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sphingolipid   (463 words)

Williams Biology Faculty and Staff Lynch Plant lipid biochemistry, plant sphingolipids and sphingolipid metabolism, physical properties of lipids and membranes, plant sphingolipids in signal transduction and cell regulation. Sphingolipids have been demonstrated to play important roles as both membrane components and as signaling molecules involved in regulating cellular processes in animals and fungi. While sphingolipids are quantitatively important components of specific plant membranes and recent evidence points to sphingolipids serving as signaling molecules in plants, surprisingly little is known about plant sphingolipid function. www.williams.edu /Biology/Faculty_Staff/dlynch/dlynch.shtml   (444 words)

Cell Cycle Progression and Cell Polarity Require Sphingolipid Biosynthesis in Aspergillus nidulans -- Cheng et al. 21 ... Sphingolipids are ubiquitous components of eukaryotic cell membranes and are particularly enriched in the plasma membrane. Sphingolipids are major components of the plasma membranes of eukaryotic cells and are shown to be essential for growth in polarity was abolished in the absence of sphingolipid biosynthesis. mcb.asm.org /cgi/content/full/21/18/6198   (6765 words)

Lipidomics Core Facility   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12) Sphingolipid metabolism assumes a key role in the complex mechanisms regulating cellular stress responses to environmental changes. Several sphingolipid metabolites act as bioactive molecules, and their individual contribution to the regulatory pathways that govern cell growth are being established. Providing homogenic synthetic sphingolipids and their analogs for use in cellular, in vitro and in vivo studies in cancer research. hcc.musc.edu /research/shared_resources/lipidomics.cfm   (409 words)

Faculty-Harris, Greg Sphingolipids are a complex and ubiquitous class of membrane lipids found in most eukaryotic cells. The bio-active sphingolipid polar metabolites: ceramide, sphingosine and sphingosine-1-phosphate have gained wide recognition for their involvement in signaling pathways that regulate diverse cellular activities such as proliferation, migration, apoptosis, calcium mobilization, growth arrest and differentiation - all of which are critical for the proper development and function of an organism. The dramatic rise in accumulated sphingolipids occurs early in development and leads to: 1) abnormalities in the numbers, morphology, function and integrity of skeletal muscles; 2) reproductive defects affecting both the ovaries and testes leading to diminished fecundity; 3) disruption of fatty acid metabolism; and, 4) markedly reduced viability and lifespan. www.bio.sdsu.edu /faculty/harris.html   (671 words)

Lipid Metabolism The sphingolipids, like the phospholipids, are composed of a polar head group and two nonpolar tails. Sphingolipids are a component of all membranes but are particularly abundant in the myelin sheath. One of the most clinically important classes of sphingolipids are those that confer antigenic determinants on the surfaces of cells, particularly the erythrocytes. www.med.unibs.it /~marchesi/lipsynth3.html   (1592 words)

Invitrogen - Molecular Probes - Section 13.3 - Sphingolipids, Steroids, Lipopolysaccharides and Related Probes Sphingolipids are essential components of the plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells, where they are typically found in the outer leaflet. Sphingolipids differ from phospholipids in being based on a lipophilic amino alcohol (sphingosine, Figure 13.3) rather than glycerol. Metabolism of ceramides typically occurs in Golgi and endoplasmic reticulum membranes, and fluorescent ceramide analogs (Section 12.4) are important probes for measuring the intracellular distribution and transport of the labeled molecules in live cells. probes.com /handbook/sections/1303.html   (2933 words)

New HCV Drug Candidate for Treatment To assess whether inhibition of HCV replicon by NA255 was dependent on sphingolipid depletion, we incubated replicon cells with C2-ceramide, a cell-permeable ceramide analog, in the presence of NA255. These results suggested that de novo synthesis of sphingolipids is required for HCV replication after translocation to the Golgi, and that interruption of the sphingolipid biosynthesis pathway provides an approach for the development of new HCV therapies. Since sphingolipids are essential components of the lipid raft, we examined the effect of NA255 on this HCV replication complex formation. www.natap.org /2005/HCV/101805_02.htm   (3374 words)

Membrane Traffic in Sphingolipid Storage Diseases Sphingolipid storage diseases (SLSD) generally result from a defective lysosomal hydrolase or activator protein, which leads to accumulation of endogenous lipids in the lysosomes of many different cell types in the body. Endocytic trafficking of glycosphingolipids in sphingolipid storage diseases. Sphingolipid storage induces accumulation of intracellular cholesterol by stimulating SREBP-1 cleavage. mayoresearch.mayo.edu /mayo/research/pagano_lab/slsd.cfm   (649 words)

Sphingolipids in Food and the Emerging Importance of Sphingolipids to Nutrition -- Vesper et al. 129 (7): 1239 -- ... Complex sphingolipids are elaborations of long-chain (sphingoid) bases by the addition of long-chain fatty acids in amide linkage and polar head groups. The bioactive sphingolipid metabolites are ceramide, sphingosine, and sphingosine 1-phosphate and analogs of these compounds (such as sphinganine), which alter diverse cell behaviors, including the stimulation (+) or inhibition (-) of cell growth, differentiation and apoptosis. Sphingolipid signaling is likely to be involved in the mechanism of action of a substantial number of other components of the diet. jn.nutrition.org /cgi/content/full/129/7/1239   (5771 words)

Endotoxin and Cytokines Increase Hepatic Sphingolipid Biosynthesis and Produce Lipoproteins Enriched in Ceramides and ...   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12) Sphingolipid biosynthesis de novo by rat hepatocytes in culture: ceramide and sphingomyelin are associated with, but not required for, very low density lipoprotein secretion. Sphingolipid synthesis: identification and characterization of mammalian cDNAs encoding the Lcb2 subunit of serine palmitoyltransferase. Sphingolipids are required for mammalian epidermal barrier function: inhibition of sphingolipid synthesis delays barrier recovery after acute perturbation. atvb.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/18/8/1257   (5925 words)

Sphingolipid Transport: Rafts and Translocators -- van Meer and Lisman 277 (29): 25855 -- Journal of Biological ... Plasma membranes are manyfold enriched in sphingolipids and cholesterol as compared to the ER and the mitochondria (34, 61). Indeed, electron microscopy after immunolabeling demonstrated that the concentration of the complex glycosphingolipid Forssman antigen was 10-fold higher in the plasma membrane than in the ER, with no label over mitochondria and peroxisomes (53). sphingolipid rafts may be 4.5-5.5 nm thick (42). www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/277/29/25855   (4299 words)

A Post-genomic Approach to Understanding Sphingolipid Metabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana -- DUNN et al. 93 (5): 483 -- ... Sphingolipids are known to function in animal and fungal cells Complex sphingolipid synthesis in plants: characterization of inositolphosphorylceramide synthase activity in bean microsomes. Sphingolipid signalling in Arabidopsis guard cells involves heterotrimeric G proteins. aob.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/93/5/483   (6598 words)

About Us Further investigating the role of sphingolipids we are currently exploring the effect of depleting cells of ceramide. As a control, we transfected with NCX1.1 LY-B cells, in which SPT activity and sphingolipid synthesis was restored by transfection with LCB1 cDNA (LY-B/cLCB1 cells) (Hanada et al., 1998). LY-B cells are unable to synthesize sphingolipids but they can take sphingolipids up from the medium, where they are associated with serum lipoproteins. www.umdnj.edu /njmsweb/pharm_faculty/Condrescu_files/page0001.htm   (470 words)

Veleka Boyd's Web Site   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12) The gene knock-outs that block sphingolipid degradation are associated with obesity. Sphingolipids are a ubiquitous class of membrane lipids that are known to be involved in diverse biological processes, including calcium mobilization, growth arrest, differentiation, proliferation, migration, and apoptosis. Whereas the active sphingolipid metabolite ceramide is recognized to promote cell death, sphingosine-1-phosphate exhibits mitogenic properties. www-rohan.sdsu.edu /~vboyd/abstracts.html   (476 words)

Sply regulation of sphingolipid signaling molecules is essential for Drosophila development -- Herr et al. 130 (11): ... Sphingolipids have a diverse repertoire of cellular effects depending on cell type. Their long, generally saturated fatty acid moieties increase membrane rigidity and are highly concentrated in specialized rafts that serve as structural elements and have been implicated in a number of signal transduction cascades. Regulation of de novo sphingolipid biosynthesis and the toxic consequences of its disruption. dev.biologists.org /cgi/content/full/130/11/2443   (5786 words)

The Organizing Potential of Sphingolipids in Intracellular Membrane Transport -- Holthuis et al. 81 (4): 1689 -- ... Fat print indicates the sphingoid bases in the sphingolipids a, b, e, f, i, j, and m; glycerol in the glycerolipids c, g, k, and n; and the sterols d, h, l, and o. Sphingolipid signaling pathways have been found to operate in many different cell types, from mammals down to yeast (74). As Golgi cisternae mature (large gray arrow), sphingolipids are synthesized and gradually accumulate by being specifically excluded from the tightly curved membrane in percolating COPI vesicles or tubular connections. physrev.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/81/4/1689   (9857 words)

Colostrum for beauty Skin, Inside-OUT   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12) Sphingolipid is a special type of lipid purified from milk. Sphingolipid contains sphingomyelin, which is a precursor to the skins building block, ceramide. Combined with Sphingolipid for its rejuvenating properties and kiwi fruit for mild exfoliation, this mask provides the ultimate nourishment for the face. www.liveatquality.com /skincare.html   (738 words)

Different Sphingolipids Show Differential Partitioning into Sphingolipid/Cholesterol-Rich Domains in Lipid Bilayers -- ... FIGURE 3 Quenching curves measured at 37°C for DPH3:0-phospho and sphingolipids in sphingolipid/12SLPC/(33 mol % cholesterol) bilayers containing equimolar sphingomyelin and galactocerebroside as the sphingolipid component and the indicated percentages of 12SLPC in the total nonsterol fraction. On the origin of sphingolipid/cholesterol-rich detergent-insoluble cell membranes: physiological concentrations of cholesterol and sphingolipid induce formation of a detergent-insoluble, liquid-ordered phase in model membranes. Polarized sphingolipid transport from the subapical compartment: evidence for distinct sphingolipid domains. www.biophysj.org /cgi/content/full/79/3/1478   (5433 words)

ARS | Publication request: Separation and Identification of Major Plant Sphingolipid Classes from Leaves Interpretive Summary: Sphingolipids provide structural integrity to the membranes of plant cells and contribute to the ability of crop plants to adapt to changes in environmental conditions, such as temperature and water status. In this report, a method for the separation of sphingolipid classes from A. thaliana leaves is described that uses the hydrolysis of sphingolipids and HPLC analysis of o-phthaldialdehyde derivatives of released long-chain bases to monitor separation steps. Like A. thaliana the neutral sphingolipids consisted of ceramide and monohexosylceramides, however, the major polar sphingolipid from tomato and soybean was found to be, as previously identified, N-acetyl-hexosamine-hexuronic-inositol-phosphoceramide. www.ars.usda.gov /research/publications/publications.htm?seq_no_115=199256   (577 words)

Sphingolipid Transport to the Apical Plasma Membrane Domain in Human Hepatoma Cells Is Controlled by PKC and PKA ... Sphingolipid Transport to the Apical Plasma Membrane Domain in Human Hepatoma Cells Is Controlled by PKC and PKA Activity: A Correlation with Cell Polarity in HepG2 Cells -- Zegers and Hoekstra 138 (2): 307 -- The Journal of Cell Biology Sphingolipid Transport to the Apical Plasma Membrane Domain in Human Hepatoma Cells Is Controlled by PKC and PKA Activity: A Correlation with Cell Polarity in HepG2 Cells of sphingolipids was observed during epithelial transcytosis (44). www.jcb.org /cgi/content/full/138/2/307   (7760 words)

Regulation of sphingolipid and glycosphingolipid metabolism in extrahepatic tissues by endotoxin -- Memon et al. 42 ... Regulation of sphingolipid and glycosphingolipid metabolism in extrahepatic tissues by endotoxin -- Memon et al. Regulation of sphingolipid and glycosphingolipid metabolism in extrahepatic tissues by endotoxin Sphingolipids are important components of the cell membranes www.jlr.org /cgi/content/full/42/3/452   (4944 words)

Polarized Sphingolipid Transport from the Subapical Compartment: Evidence for Distinct Sphingolipid Domains -- van ... Sphingolipid domains, referred to as rafts, have been proposed to play a pivotal role in the transport of apical proteins Ahmed, S.N., Brown, D.A., and London, E. On the origin of sphingolipid/cholesterol-rich detergent-insoluble cell membranes: physiological concentrations of cholesterol and sphingolipid induce formation of a detergent-insoluble, liquid-ordered lipid phase in model membranes. Zegers, M.M.P., and Hoekstra, D. Sphingolipid transport to the apical plasma membrane domain in human hepatoma cells is controlled by PKC and PKA activity: a correlation with cell polarity in HepG2 cells. www.molbiolcell.org /cgi/content/full/10/10/3449   (7456 words)

Fumonisin B1-induced Sphingolipid Depletion Inhibits Vitamin Uptake via the Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored ... with the mycotoxin and was mediated by the sphingolipid decrease. that are enriched in cholesterol and sphingolipids (7). This study clearly demonstrates the importance of sphingolipids for folate receptor-mediated vitamin uptake. www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/272/29/18020   (4763 words)

Biochemical Consequences of a Mutation That Controls the Cholesterol Dependence of Semliki Forest Virus Fusion -- ... Sphingolipid dependence of E1 homotrimer formation in wt SFV and srf-3. Homotrimeric E1 was plotted as the ratio of homotrimer obtained without sphingolipid compared to that with sphingolipid. Sphingolipids activate membrane fusion of Semliki Forest virus in a stereospecific manner. jvi.asm.org /cgi/content/full/74/4/1623   (6800 words)

Sphingolipid activator proteins: proteins with complex functions in lipid degradation and skin biogenesis -- Schuette ... Sphingolipid activator proteins: proteins with complex functions in lipid degradation and skin biogenesis -- Schuette et al. The eponyms of known metabolic diseases and those of sphingolipid activator proteins necessary for in vivo degradation are indicated. Klein, A., Henseler, M., Klein, C., Suzuki, K., Harzer, K., and Sandhoff, K. (1994) Sphingolipid activator protein D (sap-D) stimulates the lysosomal degradation of ceramide in vivo. glycob.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/11/6/81R   (6536 words)

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