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Topic: Spicule (solar physics)

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	chromosphere - HighBeam Encyclopedia
		This spectrum is obtained before a solar eclipse reaches totality and is formed from the thin arc of the sun disappearing behind the moon's disk.
		The elements of each layer are sometimes distributed in bright, cloudlike patches called plages, or flocculi, and in general are located along the same zones as sunspots and fluctuate with the same 11-yr cycle; the relationship between the two is not yet understood.
		Most spectacular of the solar features are the streams of hot gas, called prominences, that shoot out thousands or even hundreds of thousands of miles from the sun's surface at velocities as great as 250 mi per sec (400 km per sec).
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-chromosp.html (736 words)

	Thelemapedia: The Encyclopedia of Thelema & Magick \| Sun (astrology) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Not all objects passing through the solar system have been orbitally captured by the Sun's gravity, but these exceptions are few and their masses are small.
		To obtain an uninterrupted view of the Sun, the European Space Agency and NASA cooperatively launched the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) on December 2, 1995.
		A solar wind sample return mission, Genesis (spacecraft), returned to Earth in 2004 and is undergoing analysis, but it was damaged by crash-landing when its parachute failed to deploy on reentry to Earth's atmosphere.
	www.thelemapedia.org /index.php/Sun (1062 words)

	Atoms & Starlight
		Spicule: These are flame like irregular structures present on the surface of the photosphere, 100 to 1000 km wide and extending upto 10,000 km above the surface.
		Solar wind: In the outskirt of Corona region, the temperature is so high (2,000,000 K) that charged particles such as electrons and protons easily leave the sun in a continuous breeze.
		Solar wind is a low density ionized gas (mostly protons and electrons) streaming away from the sun.
	www2.potsdam.edu /islamma/Phys335Ch07Sun.htm (2603 words)

	Untitled
		Spicules and related flows such as mottles and fibrils dominate the highly dynamic chromosphere, a region in which over 90% of the non-radiative energy going into the outer atmosphere to drive solar activity and space weather is deposited.
		We propose to use forward semi-empirical modeling of the solar corona to determine the local conditions and energy release rate associated with small scale reconnection, and whether small temporarily open regions in the magnetic carpet might be the origin of the slow solar wind.
		Solar data with this new instrument is slated to begin in early 2006.
	research.hq.nasa.gov /code_s/nra/current/NNH04ZSS001N-SHP/winners.html (14923 words)

	NOAO Release 98-01 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Dr. Dunn is being recognized for "his bold and imaginative innovation of instrumentation for solar physics, his discovery of important new phenomena on the Sun, and the impact of his contributions on solar physicists world wide".
		The latter is now under intense study at many solar observatories as it is recognized as the site of the very small but strong magnetic field bundles which dominate the energy and mass transfer in the outer solar layers, probably including the heating of the solar corona.
		Solar telescopes in Germany, France, Japan, and elsewhere have followed Dunn's vacuum telescope concept to improve image quality.
	www.noao.edu /outreach/press/ddunn.html (491 words)

	Scientists Explain Mysterious Plasma Jets On The Sun
		Spicules, are jets of gas or plasma that are propelled upwards from the surface of the Sun at speeds of about 90,000 kilometres per hour.
		The solar wind is a stream of particles that sweeps past the Earth’s orbit and any disturbance to it can cause changes to the Earth’s upper atmosphere and space environment, damaging satellites in orbit.
		The research team solved the problem of how spicules are formed by taking simultaneous images of both the surface of the Sun and the spicules using the Swedish Solar telescope and the TRACE satellite, which demonstrated that the jets often occur periodically (every five minutes or so) at the same location.
	www.physorg.com /news563.html (475 words)

	lec7
		The spicules seem to appear near very large “supergranules” (edges) in the photosphere.
		Solar flares are tremendous explosions on the surface of the Sun.
		Aurorae on Earth (around the Earth’s poles as the magnetic filed of the Earth interacts with the charged particles in the solar wind) When charged particles are directed by the magnetic field lines down toward the Earth's surface, the charged particles collide with atmospheric gas molecules like oxygen and nitrogen.
	faculty.salisbury.edu /~jwhoward/astro108/Lectures/html/lec7.htm (1857 words)

	Scientists Explain Mysterious Plasma Jets On The Sun
		Spicules are jets of gas or plasma propelled upwards from the surface of the Sun.
		Although there are over 100,000 spicules at any time in the Sun's low atmosphere, or chromosphere, they remain largely unexplained, in part because observations are difficult for objects with so brief a lifetime (about five minutes) and relatively small size (300 miles diameter).
		With the origins of spicules revealed, it will be possible to study whether the mass that spicules carry into the solar corona contributes to the solar wind.
	www.spacedaily.com /news/solarscience-04v.html (679 words)

	sp42b in wp00
		Solar wind and magnetospheric observations show that the relevant shock wave was highly anisotropic in such a way that the principal portion was localized in the region to the east of the sun-earth line.
		We sought the database of the one-hour averaged solar wind (1963-1999) near 1 AU to study a statistical aspect of low-density solar wind events.
		However, the low-density solar wind tends to be observed in the rising phase of solar cycles.
	www.agu.org /cgi-bin/SFgate/SFgate?&listenv=table&multiple=1&range=1&directget=1&application=wp00&database=/data/epubs/wais/indexes/wp00/wp00&maxhits=200&="SP42B" (2497 words)

	NRL Spacelab 2
		When E.O. Hulburt arrived at NRL in 1924 to study physical optics, he found a growing interest in the properties of Earth's reflecting layer because of the Laboratory's promotion of shortwave radio for Navy communications.
		Spacelab 2 was a laboratory and observatory for 13 investigations in 7 scientific disciplines: solar physics, atmospheric physics, plasma physics, high-energy astrophysics, infrared astronomy, technology research, and life sciences.
		Research on the still-mysterious origin of the solar wind is paramount to the efforts of the Solar Physics Branch.
	wwwsolar.nrl.navy.mil /sl2_pub.html (2739 words)

	[No title]
		] A natural-draft drive device that uses solar radiation to provide upward momentum to a mass of air, thereby converting the thermal energy to kinetic energy, which can be extracted from the air with suitable wind machines.
		] A time measurement, the duration of one rotation of the earth on its axis with respect to the sun; this may be a mean solar day or an apparent solar day as the reference is to the mean sun or apparent sun.
		] A proposed method of spacecraft propulsion in which solar radiation is focused on an area occupied by a boiler to heat a working fluid that is expelled to produce thrust directly.
	www.accessscience.com /Dictionary/S/S36/DictS36.html (1565 words)

	NRL Spacelab 2
		The two halves of the spectrograph slit jaws, from which the solar image is reflected to the spectroheliograph, have different reflectivities to facilitate simultaneous observations of bright structures on the disk and faint structures above the limb.
		The first component consists of ordinary UV spicules, extending to a height of 10 arc see, with a lifetime of probably 10 to 15 min (although this is difficult to obtain since it is also the period of good pointing stability).
		Their physical significance lies in the contribution in mass, momentum, and energy flux which they might make to the upper solar atmosphere.
	wwwsolar.nrl.navy.mil /sl2_hrts.html (5218 words)

	Solar chromospheric spicules from the leakage of photospheric oscillations and flows: Nature
		Solar chromospheric spicules from the leakage of photospheric oscillations and flows
		We show that the previously ignored p-modes are crucial: on inclined magnetic flux tubes, the p-modes leak sufficient energy from the global resonant cavity into the chromosphere to power shocks that drive upward flows and form spicules.
		High-frequency acoustic waves are not sufficient to heat the solar chromosphere
	www.nature.com /nature/journal/v430/n6999/abs/nature02749.html;jsessionid=2D9188939F98B8E96C58456FF3C2444E (311 words)

	Publications from 2003 (16+26+13=55)
		Prominence motions observed at high cadences in temperatures from 10000 to 250000 K. Solar Physics, 212:81-97, 2003.
		Phase diverse speckle inversion applied to data from the Swedish 1-meter solar telescope.
		Heating of the solar corona by topological dissipation.
	www.solarphysics.kva.se /publications/database/node6.html (861 words)

	CompareSolarImages.html
		Click on some images for larger view and all images above can be seen in enlarged format and are documented on the Solar Journey.
		Use the features chart to match the actual scientific names to the features you observed in the solar images.
		A prominence that breaks away from the surface and shoots X-rays and solar particles into space.
	www.cfsd.k12.az.us /~vvwww/SUNWEB/CompareSolarImages.html (353 words)

	SEC Publication FY88 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The February l986 solar activity: a comparison of Giotto solar wind measurements with MHD simulations.
		In Solar and Stellar Coronal Structure and Dynamics, Proceedings of the Ninth Sacramento Peak Summer Symposium, Sunspot, NM, 17-21 August 1987, R.C. Altrock (ed.).
		In Max '91/SMM Solar Flares: Observations and Theory, Proceedings of a Workshop on June 3-7, 1990, in Estes Park, Colorado, R.M. Winglee and A.L. Kiplinger (eds.), University of Colorado, Boulder, 210-233 (1991).
	www.sec.noaa.gov /AboutSEC/Pubs88-94.html (12218 words)

	11th European Solar Physics Meeting - SPM-11 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Spicules and mottles provide a powerful diagnostic to study the structure and dynamics of the magnetic structure in the solar chromosphere and transition region.
		They are commonly associated with material flowing down in spicules at the end of their life.
		We expand on this an anti-correlation between the red wing of Hα and C IV emission and the consequences for the relation between heating mechanisms and the energy balance in the chromosphere and the transition region.
	wis.kuleuven.be /cpa/session2.3.htm (794 words)

	HW #4 Due April 6th
		What is the solar cycle and what does it have to do with the magnetic poles of the sun?
		A ___________ is believed to occur when energy, stored in a twist in the solar magnetic field above a sunspot, is suddenly released.
		In an H-R Diagram, stars with the smallest radius are found in the _______ of the diagram.
	www.physics.sfsu.edu /~lwilliam/HW4.htm (431 words)

	Indian Institute of Astrophysics: Library
		Hiremath, K. M:2005, Solar cycle as a forced and damped harmonic oscillator: Long-term variations of the amplitudes, frequencies and phases, Astronomy and Astrophysics, [Accepted].
		Javaraiah, J, Bertello, L and Ulrich, R. K:2005, Long-term Variations in Solar Differential Rotation and Sunspot Activity, Solar Physics.
		Lin, Chia-Hsein, Bannerjee, D, Doyle, J. G and Foley, C. R:2005, Coronal oscillations in the vicinity of a sunspot as observed by GIS/CDS, Submitted to Astronomy and Astrophysics.
	www.iiap.res.in /lib_preprints.htm (781 words)

	Fall 2002 - Practice 2
		The strength of the magnetic field in a sunspot is estimated from Earth by
		measuring the shape of structures seen in the corona above sunspots during solar eclipses.
		What is the name of a large loop of bright gas extending outward from the edge of the Sun (often seen during total solar eclipses)?
	physics.ship.edu /~mrc/pfs/108/study2/prctc2.htm (965 words)

	SIDC - Solar Influences Data Analysis Center - Homepage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Champan Conference on Solar Energetic Plasmas and Particles (Turku, August 2004), in press to AGU Monograph (2005).
		Proceedings of the SOHO 11 Symposium on From Solar Min to Max: Half a Solar Cycle with SOHO, 11-15 March 2002, Davos, Switzerland.
		Physics of the Sun and Heliosphere in the Era of Space Probes: Scientific Highlights of SOHO, Ulysses, and Yohkoh, 23rd meeting of the IAU, Joint Discussion 19, 26-27 August 1997, Kyoto, Japan, 19, 17 (1997).
	sidc.oma.be /Publications/index.php (4587 words)

	Physics 123_01
		The regular impact of meteoroids and comets onto the solar surface.
		Spectroscopic parallax is a powerful technique for finding distances to objects in remote parts of our galaxy.
		A main-sequence star with a mass greater than eight solar masses is not expected to be a
	www.calpoly.edu /~rechols/W00final.htm (2430 words)

	[No title]
		Series", booktitle = "20th NSO/SP Summer Workshop: Advanced Solar Polarimetry -- Theory, Observations, and Instrumentation", pages = 445, year = 2001 } @Article{ryutova01formation, author = "Ryutova, M. and Shine, R. and Tarbell, T. title = "Formation of Compact Coronal Structures Associated with the Emerging Magnetic Flux", journal = "Eos Trans.
		Third International Workshop on The Solar Wind-Magnetosphere System", year = 2000, editor = "H. Biernat and C. Farrugia and D. Vogl", organization = "Akademie der Wissenschaften, Viena", note = "21-25 Sept. 1998, Graz (Austria)" } @Article{hoekzema00small-scale, author = "Nick M. Hoekzema and Peter N. Brandt", title = "Small-scale topology of solar atmosphere dynamics.
		Nordlund", title = "Realistic Solar Convection Simulations", journal = sp, year = 2000, volume = 192, number = "1/2", pages = "91-108" } @Article{strous00phenomena, author = "Strous, Louis H. and Zwaan, Cornelis", title = "Phenomena in an Emerging Active Region.
	www.solarphysics.kva.se /publications/database/svst.bib (1053 words)

	NASA's Solar System Exploration: News & Events: 11.13.06: MESSENGER Science
		Looking through a telescope equipped with a hydrogen-alpha filter, I was startled by the deep red color of the Sun's chromo sphere, mottled by the gas jets called spicules.
		From minute-to-minute, it slowly crawled from spicule to spicule.
		The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory built and operates the MESSENGER spacecraft and manages this Discovery-class mission for NASA.
	solarsystem.nasa.gov /news/display.cfm?News_ID=16875 (999 words)

	List of publication: Dipankar Banerjee
		Solar Transition Region Line Broadening: Limb to Limb measurements
		The influence of a vertical magnetic field on oscillations in an stratified solar atmosphere.
		Energy transport to the Solar corona by magnetic kink waves.
	www.iiap.res.in /personnel/dipu/pub.html (1003 words)

	RedOrbit NEWS \| Scientists Explain Mysterious Plasma Jets on the Sun
		Funding for the studies came from NASA, the Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council of the UK and the Hungarian National Science Foundation.
		The Lockheed Martin Solar and Astrophysics Lab is part of Lockheed Martin's Advanced Technology Center -- the research and development organization of Lockheed Martin Space Systems Company.
		Headquartered in Bethesda, Md., Lockheed Martin employs about 130,000 people worldwide and is principally engaged in the research, design, development, manufacture and integration of advanced technology systems, products and services.
	www.redorbit.com /modules/news/tools.php?tool=print&id=74991 (561 words)

	[No title]
		HTMLCONTROL Forms.HTML:Option.1 a.The hot solar surface must be covered with a layer of hotter hydrogen gas to produce absorption lines.
		HTMLCONTROL Forms.HTML:Option.1 c.along the solar equator, where the magnetic fields are the most intense.
		HTMLCONTROL Forms.HTML:Option.1 c.The star is relatively close to the solar system, and the Earth's orbital motion produces an apparent change in the star's position against the background (i.e., the galaxy) because of motion of the observer.
	phobos.physics.uiowa.edu /~clang/modern_spr03/hw_5.doc (2058 words)

	index
		Describe the Sun's spectrum and what physical processes are responsible for this spectrum
		Explain how Energy is transported from the interior where it is produced to the surface from which it is radiated outward to the rest of the Solar System
		HR Diagram and identify types of stars on the diagram.
	www.stkate.edu /physics/PHYS104SS/Block3/index.html (826 words)

	I. Appenzeller: Publications in refereed journals
		Appenzeller and E.H. Schroeter: A statistical analysis of large scale brightness and velocity fluctuations in the solar atmosphere, Solar Physics 4, 131 (1968)
		Appenzeller: The evolution of a vibrationally unstable very massive main-sequence star of 130 Mo,Astron.
		Unno, E. Ribes, I. Appenzeller: On the structure and the motion of a spicule, Solar Physics 35, 287 (1974)
	www.lsw.uni-heidelberg.de /users/iappenze/apppub.html (2586 words)

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