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Topic: Spills

In the News (Tue 22 Dec 09)

Northern Trust

Marvin Harrison

Peter Chernin

Gary Locke

Match Play

Penelope Cruz

Mickey Rourke

AR Rahman

Danny Boyle

Hugh Jackman

	Oil Spills: Big Problems from Small Leaks
		Spills seep into streams, lakes, and reservoirs, which are drinking water sources as well as habitat where fish, birds, and other wildlife can be harmed or killed.
		As a result, the owner of the oil tank from which the oil spilled or leaked — such as the homeowner whose heating oil tank leaks — may be required to pay for the cleanup regardless of whether the homeowner's actions "caused" the spill or leak.
		Spills that result from tank overfill, operator error, or spillage before or during delivery are usually considered the responsibility of the fuel company.
	www.oag.state.ny.us /press/reports/oil_spills/oil_spill.html (3849 words)

	ITOPF Past Spill Statistics
		The average number of large spills per year during the 1990s was less than a third of that witnessed during the 1970s.
		Reliable data on spills of 7 tonnes and above is held and the amounts of oil spilt during these incidents have been added to give a series of annual estimates of the total quantity spilled for the years 1970-2004.
		Spills for which the relevant information is not available or where the cause was not one of those given are listed under "Other/unknown".
	www.itopf.com /stats.html (853 words)

	UW EH&S - Mercury spills (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		Mercury spilled on fabric or carpet is also very difficult to clean and poses increased long term risk of mercury inhalation.
		If your small mercury spill is on a porous surface, such as carpet, upholstery or concrete, treat it like a large mercury spill.
		Large mercury spills or spills on porous surfaces
	www.ehs.washington.edu /epo/spills/hgspills.shtm (677 words)

	The Mariner Group -- Oil Spill History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		The spill is one of the largest ever in the bay, and the state has banned harvesting of shellfish in the area until further notice.
		The cause of the spill is the USS Mississinewa, a 553-foot Navy oiler sunk in 1944 by a one-man Japanese suicide submarine.
		The spill was caused by a leak in a Kuwaiti tanker carrying 160,000 tonnes of crude, after it collided with a dredger further south on December 14.
	www.marinergroup.com /oil-spill-history.htm (8323 words)

	Nat' Academies Press, Spills of Nonfloating Oils: Risk and Response (1999)
		Significant oil spills are infrequent by their very nature, and spills of nonfloating oils are only a small fraction of all oil spills.
		Responding to a spill of nonfloating oils is, therefore, often a new or very rare experience for local response teams who are likely to have trouble anticipating problems and formulating effective response strategies.
		The resources and information necessary to respond effectively to nonfloating-oil spills have not been identified, including divers capable of operating in contaminated waters, the capability of updating bathymetric maps to determine potential accumulation zones, and the selection and implementation of systems to track the movement and distribution of subsurface oil.
	www.nap.edu /books/0309065909/html/52.html (1748 words)

	Recent oil spills \| Defending our Oceans
		While the size of a spill is obviously important, the amount of damage done can depend even more on other factors like the type of oil spilled and the location of the spill - as well as temperature, wind and weather.
		The effects of 'at sea' spills are less understood than the more obvious effects seen when an oil spill washes up on shore, but could include oiling of offshore seabirds, impacts on marine mammals and turtles and toxicity to organisms occupying surface water layers, including the eggs and larvae of many fish species.
		This has contaminated up to 150 km of the Lebanese coast north of the plant; however the full extent of the spill has yet to be fully assessed as aerial surveillance is still not possible due to an air and sea blockade.
	oceans.greenpeace.org /en/the-expedition/news/recent-oil-spills (1447 words)

	UW EH&S Radioactive Spills (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		Spills of radioactive materials are classified into two categories, Major Spills and Minor Spills, based on the amount of material spilled.
		If necessary, the spill should be shielded, but only if it can be done without further contamination or without increasing or significantly increasing your radiation exposure.
		If the spill is on the skin, flush thoroughly and then wash with mild soap and lukewarm water.
	www.ehs.washington.edu /rsoemerinfo/spills_rad.shtm (319 words)

	Untitled Document
		Predominantly, an oil spill is related to the spills caused due to accidents involving tankers, causing a serious impact on coastal activities and on those who exploit the resources of the sea.
		Oil spills cleanup techniques depend largely on the type of oil, the conditions present at the location and during the time of the spill.
		In the famous Exxon Valdez oil spill in 1989, a trial dispersant was conducted, but was discontinued eventually, because there was not enough wave action to mix the dispersant with the oil in the water.
	www.temple.edu /environment/review_oil_spills.htm (2433 words)

	Case Study Application for Oil Spills
		Oil spills that occur during the loading or unloading of crude oil or petroleum products are more often associated with leaky connections, failure to drain cargo hoses, improper mooring, improper valve or manifold alignment, or overfill during loading operations.
		The fate of an oil spill in the marine environment depends on the spreading motion of the oil and the translation of the slick by the winds and currents in the surface waters.
		Estimates of initial spill volume and a spreading equation are required to determine the spreading radius of a hypothetical spill as a function of time.
	www.unix.eng.ua.edu /~rpitt/Class/EffectsandFates/Module7/Module7.htm (9102 words)

	Mercury Spills
		High levels would not be expected unless the spill took place on a hot surface or into a device like a humidifier that blows liquids into the air.
		Spills from the breaking of a blood pressure device or larger sources can produce airborne levels high enough to cause serious poisoning and even death.
		Contaminated materials and mercury collected from small spills may be discarded along with household trash, but should be placed outside in a safe place until the household trash is picked up.
	www.idph.state.il.us /envhealth/factsheets/mercuryspills.htm (982 words)

	Sulfuric Acid Spills in New York State
		Most sulfuric acid spills were reported (Table 2) during manufacture (38%), transport (21%), and at power generation facilities (15%) where the acid is used for cleaning boilers and piping by dissolving mineral deposits.
		As shown in Table 2, the spill data indicate that injuries and evacuations occurred across a wide spectrum of locations where sulfuric acid is used.
		The spill, near a toll barrier, caused a three mile stretch of highway to be closed for about four hours.
	www.health.state.ny.us /environmental/chemicals/hsees/sulfuric.htm (672 words)

	Spills Program Home - WA State Dept. of Ecology
		Ecology’s Spills Program works to prevent oil spills and hazardous material releases, ensures industry is taking precautions to minimize spills, and responds around the clock to immediate threats to public health and the environment.
		Recent ocean erosion has uncovered the SS Catala, where oil and asbestos remain within the hull.
		Ecology spill responders and state law enforcement officials are encountering and cleaning up fewer clandestine meth labs and dump sites across the state.
	www.ecy.wa.gov /programs/spills/spills.html (122 words)

	Oil Spills Information on Healthline
		The number of oil spills, both major and minor, has been increasing with the increasing rate of oil transport and the aging of oil tankers, as well as an increase in the size of oil tankers.
		The largest spills do not necessarily receive the most media coverage, either because of their location, the lack of human health or ecological effects, the lack of documentation of these effects, or a lack of media interest.
		Short-term public health impacts from oil spills include accidents suffered by those on damaged tankers or those involved in the cleanup, and illnesses caused by toxic fumes or by eating contaminated fish or shellfish.
	www.healthline.com /galecontent/oil-spills (651 words)

	Global Marine Oil Pollution Information Gateway • Facts • Oil spills (accidental discharges)
		Accidental discharges (oil spills) occur when vessels collide or come in distress at sea (engine breakdown, fire, explosion) and break open, or run aground close to the shore, or when there is a blowout of an offshore oil well, or when a pipeline breaks.
		The percentages of oil spilled from different sources vary greatly from year to year; in some years, tanker accidents represent the largest single source of spilled oil, but only in a very few years is it the case that most of the oil spilled (in significant spills) during that year came from tankers.
		The best-known examples of large spills occurred in the Guanabara Bay, off the Brazilian coast in 2000, when about 1,300 tonnes of oil were released into the sea, and in Nigeria in 1998, when a pipeline broke and 14,300 tonnes of oil were spilt.
	oils.gpa.unep.org /facts/oilspills.htm (2180 words)

	Spills of Nonfloating Oils: Risk and Response (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		Historical spill rates must be modified for predictions of future spill rates because future rates will be influenced by fluctuations in traffic and trading patterns, as well as by changes in the ways vessels are designed and operated.
		Although spill modeling and supporting information systems are well developed, they are not commonly used in response to nonfloating-oil spills because of limited environmental data and observations of oil suspended in the water or deposited on the seabed.
		The volume and frequency of spills of nonfloating oils is significant (although smaller than for floating oils) and, therefore, should be an integral part of planning for spill responses, particularly in areas where nonfloating oils are regularly transported.
	www.nap.edu /readingroom/books/nonfloating_oils (5442 words)

	Mercury Spills \| Frequent Questions \| Safe Mercury Management \| US EPA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		When liquid mercury (also known as elemental or metallic mercury) is spilled, it forms droplets that can accumulate in the tiniest of spaces and then emit vapors into the air.
		Spills greater than the amount in a thermometer but less than one pound (two tablespoons)
		If you estimate your mercury spill to be greater than the amount in a thermometer, isolate the contaminated area and call your local or state health or state environmental agency.
	www.epa.gov /epaoswer/hazwaste/mercury/faq/spills.htm (1368 words)

	Ohio ranks high nationwide in hazardous material spills (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		COLUMBUS (Sept. 14, 2003) - Ohio ranked second last year in the number of hazardous-material spills on highways, railways and in the air the 10th consecutive year that it has either had the highest or second highest number of spills, according to the U.S. Department of Transportation.
		Airborne Express was responsible for 63 spills about 75 percent of the states 85 air spills last year.
		Spills are just a part of being in the business of transporting freight,she said.
	www.greenlink.org /public/hotissues/ohiospil.html (459 words)

	Mercury Spill Response -- Cleaning Up Small Spills
		Before cleaning any mercury spills, be sure to read and follow the precautions found in the general mercury spill fact sheet.
		Local health departments and spill response contractors may be able to monitor for the presence of mercury vapor on contaminated items.
		For larger-sized spills, it may be necessary to professionally test mercury vapor levels in the immediate area.
	dhfs.wisconsin.gov /eh/HlthHaz/fs/HGsspills.htm (1546 words)

	Oil Spills (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		Oil spills from offshore production have been insignificant and, while there have been some spills arising from shipping accidents, none has had a lasting adverse impact on the marine environment.
		Two per cent of this occurs in spills during the exploration and production phase from rigs and platforms, and 12 per cent is attributable to accidents involving oil tankers.
		A minor spill will be handled by the oil company concerned using the equipment available to it at or near the site.
	earthsci.org /energy/gasexpl/spill.html (2226 words)

	Oil Spills
		An example is the IXTOC I oil well blowout in the Bay of Campeche, Mexico, June 1979 to March 1980, which released 476,000 tonnes of crude oil into the Gulf of Mexico.
		Oil spills from oil tankers operating at sea world-wide account for only 7.7% of oil in the ocean, yet large spills attract far more attention than other much larger sources of oil pollution.
		The main threat posed to living resources by the persistent residues of spilled oils and water-in-oil emulsions ("mousse") is one of physical smothering.
	oceanworld.tamu.edu /resources/oceanography-book/oilspills.htm (1134 words)

	Nearctica - Environment - Marine Pollution - Oil Spills
		The manual contains chapters on the behavior of oil spills, the chemical and biological treatment of spilled oil, rescuing birds and mammals, preparing for oils spills, and responding to them.
		Included are segments on oil response arrangements and resources in 160 maritime nations, historical data on oil spills from tankers, the effects and fate of oil spills, cleanup techniques, response strategies, oil spill planning, and much more.
		Some of the topics includes the yearly amount of oil spilled, why does it spill, what are the environmental impacts, and what can students do to prevent oil spills.
	www.nearctica.com /environ/water/oilspill.htm (722 words)

	Satellite Radar's Ability To Detect Oil Spills Has Limitations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		The goal has been to determine whether satellite imagery can be integrated into an operational system for government authorities to track the hundreds of oil spills, large and small, that occur each year in Europe's territorial waters.
		While only the most spectacular oil-tanker spills make the headlines, the daily illegal emptying of bilge tanks and the occasional leak from offshore oil platforms constitute the bulk of the oil released into European waters each year, officials said.
		For example, he said the major spill in December 1999 resulting from the Erika oil-tanker collapse went undetected by radar imagery because it lay just beneath the surface in the stormy Atlantic Ocean.
	space.com /spacenews/businessmonday_050228.html (465 words)

	Oil Spills
		Oil spills happen when people make mistakes or are careless and cause an oil tanker to leak oil into the ocean.
		Spill Fund-The law says that the government has money from companies that transport the oil so when a spill occurs, the government can pay for the clean up.
		If there were a spill, we wouldn’t be dumping as much oil into the ocean, which would mean that there would be fewer animals killed or injured.
	library.thinkquest.org /CR0215471/oil_spills.htm (3031 words)

	oil spills
		Oil spills in the ocean do not always comefrom oil carrying tankers, they also come when offshore wells are drilled at sea.
		The Coast Guard estimates that nearly 100,000 oil spills occur in the ocean eachyear.
		It is easier to clean oil that has not reached the beachesbecause if it reaches the beaches the workers have to scrub the rocks and the mammals.They also have to shovel the sand that has oil on it.
	library.thinkquest.org /4136 (375 words)

	BP Global - Environment and society - Spills (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		The reported volume of spills greater or equal to 1 barrel was 4.4 million litres, down from 5.7 million litres in 2004.
		This is largely due to a 14% decrease in the number of spills in the downstream segment last year when compared with 2004.
		Every spill represents a breakdown of integrity, and therefore we are seeking to improve our performance by introducing a new integrity management standard.
	www.bp.com /sectiongenericarticle.do?categoryId=9007603&contentId=7014509 (1041 words)

	Sustainable Hospitals - Mercury Information Package
		Accidental spills of liquid mercury can increase the levels of mercury in the air or wastewater of a health care facility.
		Be prepared for a spill in any area of the hospital where mercury-containing devices are used.
		Have a mercury vacuum cleaner or mercury spill kit readily available to consolidate spilled mercury and limit the amount of mercury released into the air.
	www.sustainablehospitals.org /HTMLSrc/IP_Merc_BMP_Spills.html (538 words)

	chemical spills (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		Principal Investigators and Laboratory Supervisors are required to have written procedures to handle spills of specific hazardous materials unique to their research protocols.
		Once the spill is diked to control its spread, additional absorbents, neutralizers, or solidification agents can be used to finish cleanup.
		Spill response materials on hand include a wide range of sorbent materials: ground corncob material, vermiculite, 1/2 liter to 4 liter spill pillows (not for hydrofluoric acid spills), granular activated carbon and a variety of Ansul Spill-X- products ("A" for acid spills, "C" for caustic spills, "FP" for formaldehyde spills, and "S" for solvent spills).
	www.cbl.umces.edu /Resources/SafetyManual/CBLChemSpillIntro.html (790 words)

	University of Denver -- Risk Management: Spills, Waste, & Environmental Protection
		In the event of a chemical spill, your first concern should be for your safety and the safety of your coworkers.
		Depending on the associated hazard, the spill will be one that can be mitigated “locally” or require external mitigation.
		After ensuring personal safety you should determine whether the spill is one that can be cleaned up by you or will require emergency services (911).
	www.du.edu /risk/spills-waste-environmentalprotection.html (328 words)

	Oil spills solutions
		When Oil spills into rivers, bays, and the ocean are caused by accidents involving tankers, barges, pipelines, refineries, and storage facilities, usually while the oil is being transported.
		One of the larges spills known to United States is Exxon Valdez spill which spilled into Prince William Sound, Alaska in March 1989.
		The program has drastically reduced the number of spills, it is also designed to get ready for and respond to any oil spill affecting the inland waters of the United States.
	www.personal.psu.edu /cab453/egee101/more_information.htm (635 words)

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