
	Where results make sense

Topic: Spin structure

	CERN Courier - Bookshelf - IOP Publishing - article
		A significant part of the monograph deals with the problem of nucleon spin structure - the topic widely discussed since 1988 when the results of the European Muon Collaboration showed that the spin of the proton is not the sum of the spins of its individual quarks.
		The small-x behaviour of the polarized structure function is one of the unsolved problems en route to a final resolution of the overall nucleon spin puzzle and is discussed from different points of view.
		The helicity structure of QCD interactions is considered thoroughly and fermion spin structure is analysed for the case of massive and massless spinors.
	www.cerncourier.com /main/article/41/9/21 (864 words)

	NUCLEON SPIN (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Nucleon spins are oriented in the direction of the beam by dynamic nuclear polarization and then frozen at 30mK using a helium3/helium4 dilution refrigerator.
		SMC measured the spin structure of the deuteron in 1992 and of the proton in 1993.
		The small quark spin fraction and the polarization of the strange quark sea can alternatively be explained naturally in a class of approximate models of QCD in which the spin-1/2 nucleon corresponds to a sort of "knot" in the field of pions (topological soliton).
	na47sun05.cern.ch /target/nucleonspin.html (1086 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Furthermore, spin valves possess an intrinsic linear response allowing for a larger portion of the MR curve to be utilized while generating smaller harmonics in the output signal.
		structural stability upon annealing, and the addition of insulating layers to increase the specular reflection of the conduction electrons on outer surfaces of the layers.
		Spin polarized transport occurs naturally in any material in which there is an imbalance of the spin populations at the Fermi energy level.
	www.wipo.int /cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=03/89946.031030&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (3809 words)

	Spin (Nucleon Structure) Physics at UC Riverside
		Spin is a property of particles as fundamental as charge and mass.
		The spin of the proton was first determined in 1927, yet we still do not know what makes up the spin of the proton.
		Spin measurements have historically yielded surprising results and are a stringent test to theories as spin is an intrinsically relativistic and quantum mechanical aspect of particle interactions.
	www.physics.ucr.edu /research/spin.html (296 words)

	HERMES Physics Overview: spin physics
		Additional predictions about the spin structure of the nucleon were the Bjorken and Ellis-Jaffe sum rules, which however were not experimentally accessible in the first two decades of the quark model.
		To improve our understanding of the spin structure of the nucleon, in future not only the collinear spin contributions have to be measured, but more emphasis has to be given to investigate transverse spin components, twist-3 contributions, spin-dependent off-forward parton distributions and spin effects in fragmentation.
		The observed violation of the Ellis-Jaffe sum rule in 1987 by EMC made clear that the spin structure of the nucleon is not understood.
	www-hermes.desy.de /physics/spinphysics.html (2107 words)

	Laminated nut with anti-spin off structure and method of making nut - Patent 5049017
		Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to provide an improved laminated nut structure having a plurality of hardened discs and a soft disc with the soft disc having its thread form distorted prior to installation of the nut on the bolt to provide an initial prevailing torque characteristic with the associated bolt.
		The nut structure 12 is of a laminated construction generally of the type shown in the '787 Reynolds patent (supra).
		Thus in one structure where the diameter of bore 24 was around 3/4" and the circumferential width of the flats of the fingers 28 and/or discs 18.1-18.4 was around 3/4", openings 50 of a diameter of around 0.20" or around the thickness of the soft disc 18.3 were provided.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5049017.html (5585 words)

	Spin Structure of Protons and Neutrons
		Ian Cloet, a theorist at Jefferson Lab and the Special Research Centre for the Subatomic Structure of Matter at the University of Adelaide, and his colleagues wondered how this quark-gluon dance was affected by the environment around the nucleons in which the quarks and gluons reside.
		In particular, they wanted to know how the spin of the quarks and gluons may be modified by the environment around the nucleons they're embedded in and how this modification may affect the spin of the nucleons themselves.
		That means that while a nucleon's spin may remain constant, the proportion of that spin contributed by its constituents, the quarks and gluons, may change as the environment around nucleons change.
	www.physorg.com /news7118.html (1185 words)

	Jefferson Lab's Hall C experiment delves into nature's blueprints
		Spin is a mathematical property analogous to the way objects physically spin in space, contributing to and affecting the subatomic properties within an atom's nucleus.
		The Hall C experiment was sensitive to the kind and degree of spin, with a powerful detector that is able, like a kind of electron microscope, to "see" into regions otherwise hidden from view.
		Polarization refers to the alignment of spin of protons and neutrons within the target material: in this case, small chunks of solid ammonia that were kept near absolute zero, at one Kelvin, or minus 458 degrees Fahrenheit.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2002-08/djna-jlh081202.php (740 words)

	APS Division of Nuclear Physics - Current Research Topic
		The Spin Structure of the Nucleon in the Valence Quark Region
		The first set of data on the proton polarized structure functions from CERN in the late 1980's, combined with earlier data from SLAC, showed that only (12±17)% of the nucleon spin could be attributed to the quark spin.
		This result is consistent with previous spin experiments in that it indicates that the quark OAM contributes significantly to the nucleon spin and should not be neglected even in the high-energy valence quark region.
	dnp.nscl.msu.edu /current/spin.html (1124 words)

	Density Functional Theory Investigation of the Electronic Structure and Spin Density Distribution in Peroxyl Radicals (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The electronic structure and spin density distribution of peroxyl radicals are investigated by density functional theory (DFT) at the B3LYP level.
		This resulted in confirmation that the effect of the addition of an electron pair donor (hydroxide ion) to CH is to alter the spin density distribution in the peroxyl group.
		Structural models of lipid peroxyl radicals show that vinyl peroxyl radicals may be distinguished from saturated, allylic, and ester-based peroxyl radicals on the basis of hyperfine coupling constants.
	pubs.acs.org /cgi-bin/abstract.cgi/jpcafh/1999/103/i11/abs/jp983514h.html (284 words)

	Wayne L. Hubbell Summary
		The goal is to elucidate the structure of rhodopsin, the mechanism of the molecular switch, and regulation of this switch by associated proteins, transducin and arrestin.
		Structure and function of rhodopsin: rhodopsin mutants with a neutral amino acid at E134 have a partially activated conformation in the dark.
		Structure and dynamics of a helical hairpin and loop region in annexin 12: A site-directed spin labeling study.
	www.biochemistry.ucla.edu /biochem/Faculty/Hubbell (1185 words)

	CERN Courier - Polarized colliders may prov - IOP Publishing - article
		The spin decomposition of the proton was discussed in the opening talk by Robert Jaffe (MIT), who underlined the theoretical subtleties in the definition and measurability of quark orbital angular momentum and the physics prospects for measuring spin from transversely polarized targets.
		Steven Bass (Trento) stressed the possible connection between the spin structure of the proton and the long-range gluon dynamics that are responsible for the unaccountably large mass of the
		The theory and status of spin transfer reactions, in which the spin of both the target and the outgoing particle is measured, was discussed by Jacques Soffer (Marseille).
	www.cerncourier.com /main/article/42/1/16 (918 words)

	CERN Courier - The new transversity council - IOP Publishing - article
		It is this quest that drives theorists and experimentalists alike to study the transverse spin structure of the nucleon, giving access to subjects such as the orbital motion of quarks - a crucial ingredient of parton dynamics.
		Transverse spin is an example of such a new observable, and it has generated considerable interest as it enables the study of the spin structure of the nucleon while "switching off the gluon contribution".
		This distribution of transversely polarized quarks in a transversely polarized nucleon, also known as "transversity", is nowadays acknowledged as a crucial ingredient of the spin structure of the nucleon.
	www.cerncourier.com /main/article/44/8/19 (1453 words)

	The STAR Physics Handbook: Spin Physics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		In order to make progress in understanding the structure of the nucleon, it is essential to probe the contributions of gluons and sea quarks to nucleon properties other than mass, and to see whether these, too, can be successfully modeled in terms of constituent quarks.
		A series of polarized deep inelastic scattering (DIS) experiments [2,3] were performed in the past decade using electromagnetic interactions to determine the combined spin structure functions of quarks and antiquarks in the nucleon.
		Detection of the away-side jet (associated with the recoiling quark) in coincidence with the photon is necessary to determine the x-values of the colliding partons on an event-by-event basis, and thereby to extract the gluon distribution from the data.
	www.star.bnl.gov /STAR/physics/Spin.html (2040 words)

	Faculty Home Page: Zein-Eddine Meziani
		The first avenue is the investigation of the nucleon internal spin structure along with the test of one of the fundamental QCD sum rules known as the Bjorken sum rule.
		A proposal for a new measurement of the neutron (E-154) has been approved and preparation of Experiment E-154 is underway to perform a precision measurement of the spin structure function of the neutron (3He) in Fall 1995.
		Our group has an approved proposal entitled "Measurement of the Neutron (3He) Spin Structure Function at Low Q squared; a connection between the Bjorken and Drell-Hearn-Gerasimov Sum Rules" and is responsible for building a high pressure polarized 3He target.
	www.temple.edu /physics/faculty/meziani_p.html (587 words)

	Physics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Measurements of the nucleon spin structure functions are necessary to provide fundamental tests of QCD and the quark structure of hadrons.
		The structure functions are intimately related to the nature of the quark-gluon interactions in the nucleon.
		In addition to the program studying the spin structure functions of the nucleons we have a specific experiment to study the charge distribution of the neutron.
	landau1.phys.virginia.edu /research/groups/INPP/aep/aep1/node2.html (2384 words)

	SMC Papers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Spin structure of the proton from polarized inclusive deep-inelastic scattering
		Spin Asymmetries A1 and structure functions g1 of the proton and the deuteron from polarized high energy muon scattering
		Spin asymmetries for Events with High Pt Hadrons in DIS and an Evaluation of the Gluon Polarization
	na47sun05.cern.ch /smc_papers.html (265 words)

	H. Thomas, R. Röhlsberger, K. Schlage, A. Bernhard, K. Quast, and E. Burkel: Spin Structure of Exchange Coupled ...
		In this experiment we have studied the spin structure in a thin Fe film on a hard-magnetic FePt layer in an external magnetic field.
		We have studied the magnetic structure of the Fe layer subjected to an external magnetic field by nuclear resonant scattering (NRS) of synchrotron radiation.
		We found that the spin direction of the Fe film aligned between the external field and the axis of the uniaxial anisotropy of the Fe film.
	wwwswt.informatik.uni-rostock.de /englisch/projekte/NM_Uni/Reports/ralf2pdf.html (741 words)

	Studying Nucleon Spin Structure (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Session A1 - Structure of the Nucleon and Implications for RHIC.
		There has been a tremendous excitement in the field of nucleon spin structure ever since the discovery in 1988 by the EMC collaboration that quarks carry only a small fraction of the proton's spin.
		The result, dubbed the "proton spin crisis", was responsible for launching three major experimental programs at CERN, SLAC and DESY.
	flux.aps.org /meetings/BAPSMAY96/abs/S001.html (191 words)

	Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider Begins Colliding High-Energy Polarized Protons; Experiments Will Probe Spin Structure ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The physicists long thought that the spin of a proton was simply the sum of the spins of its three component quarks.
		This is possible because beams of polarized protons allow scientists to use the quarks in one beam to probe the properties of the gluons in the other beam.
		Spinning protons are like tiny magnets, which can be acted on by other magnets.
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2001/12/011218073117.htm (1070 words)

	Citebase - Flavor and Spin Structure of $\Lambda$-Baryon at Large x
		It is shown that a perturbative QCD (pQCD) based analysis and the SU(6) quark-diquark model give significant different predictions concerning the flavor and spin structure for the quark distributions of the Λ-baryon near x=1.
		It is shown that the spin transfer to the Λ is compatible with the first HERMES results at DESY and further tests are suggested.
		Spin transfer in deep-inelastic Lambda electroproduction has been studied with the HERMES detector using the 27.6 GeV polarized positron beam in the HERA storage ring.
	www.citebase.org /cgi-bin/citations?id=oai:arXiv.org:hep-ph/9906424 (1406 words)

	Titelblatt fuer das Dokument duett-01072002-172049 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		In the first part the growth, structure and Fe spin texture of epitaxial Tb(0001)/Fe(110) and Fe(110)/Tb(0001) double layers were investigated by electron diffraction methods (LEED, MEED) and CEMS.
		Emphasis was given to the preparation and to the structural study of both the 'upper' (Tb on Fe) and the 'lower' (Fe on Tb) interfaces.
		The rotation of the Fe spin direction from an in-plane to a preferential perpendicular orientation upon cooling occurs continuously within a wide temperature range.
	www.ub.uni-duisburg.de /ETD-db/theses/available/duett-01072002-172049 (442 words)

	Spin Structure of Protons and Neutrons
		A new theoretical calculation reveals that the spins of quarks may be modified by the environment of the protons and neutrons.
		These probability distributions provide information on how the quark spins are organized inside the nucleon, and from these distributions, it is possible to determine what fraction of the nucleon spin comes from the quarks and what fraction comes from the gluons.
		All the constituents have to add to give you spin one-half, and the structure functions give you information on how that happens,' Cloet says.
	www.physlink.com /News/Story.cfm?ID=296 (823 words)

	Hard exclusive pseudoscalar meson electroproduction and spin structure of the nucleon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		We show that the distribution of recoil nucleons depends strongly on the angle between the momentum of the recoil nucleon and the polarization vector of the target (or outgoing nucleon).
		This dependence is especially sensitive to the spin flip skewed parton distribution (SPD) E.
		Based on the chiral quark-soliton model of the nucleon we estimate quantitatively the spin asymmetry.
	www.cs.odu.edu /~yzhao/nsdl/apstest/metadoc08.html (228 words)

	Boris I. Lembrikov, Pinchas Malits, Motti Haridim, and Israel D. Vagner: Periodic electron spin structure and nuclear ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		A novel periodic spin structure induced in a two-dimensional electron gas by a periodic hyperfine field, is proposed and theoretically studied.
		The optically excited electron spin polarization rapidly vanishes after the laser beam grating is switched off, while the periodic nuclear spin polarisation remains for a sufficiently long time, which makes it possible the writing and storage of information.
		The conditions of the periodic structure excitation are obtained.
	www.magniel.com /hmtj/conferences/highmag2004/abstracts/lembrikov.html (196 words)

	Nuclear High Spin Physics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Because of the quantal nature, the properties of the nucleus depends on the quantum states of all the protons and neutrons that it is made up from.
		The study of nuclear structure is the study of how the properties of the nucleus changes when different quantum states are occupied.
		When introducing spin, or angular momentum, one can perturb the nucleus and observe how the energies of the quantum states and the properties of the nucleus change when the nucleons are affected by Coriolis and Centrifugal forces.
	www.fys.uio.no /kjerne/english/highspin/intro (168 words)

	APS - 2005 APS April Meeting - Event - Measurement of the $^{3}$He and Neutron Spin Structure at Low Q$^{2}$ (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The goal of Jefferson Lab experiment E97-110 is to perform a precise measurement of the generalized GDH integral and the moments of the neutron spin structure functions in order to study their Q$^{2}$ dependence between 0.02 and 0.3 (GeV/c)$^{2}$.
		The measurement will provide new constraints on the $^{3}$He and neutron spin structure and contribute to the understanding of the nucleon resonances.
		The acquisition of data was completed using the Jefferson Lab high polarization continuous-wave electron beam, the Hall A polarized $^{3}$He target, and one of the Hall A septum magnets, which allow measurements at forward angles of 6 and 9 degrees.
	meetings.aps.org /Meeting/APR05/Event/29609 (210 words)

	3He Program of the Hadronic Physics Group at W&M
		He nuclei whose spins are oriented parallel or perpendicular to the incident electron direction.
		At large x, the structure of the neutron should be dominated by valence quark behavior.
		There are clean theoretical predictions, in the form of sum rules, for the spin structure of the nucleon both at small Q
	physics.wm.edu /~armd/he3_program.html (636 words)

	Oxidation State Dependence of the Geometry, Electronic Structure, and Magnetic Coupling in Mixed Oxo- and ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		In particular, change in the bridging structure has a dramatic effect on the nature of the Jahn-Teller distortion observed for the Mn centers in the III/III and III/IV dimers.
		In the III/IV dimer, the structures involving high-spin and low-spin Mn are almost degenerate.
		In the high-spin case, the odd electron is localized on the Mn center, and the resulting antiferromagnetic coupling is similar to that found for the IV/IV dimer.
	pubs.acs.org /cgi-bin/abstract.cgi/inocaj/2001/40/i13/abs/ic0008767.html (487 words)

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